Figure 1. Analytical Construct
Context
Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11
A Conversational Analysis of Repair in Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11
PRAGMATICS
Speech act
PP Conversation
Analysis etc
Turn- taking
Adjacency pairs
Preference organization
Repair
Types: 1. Self-initiated self-
completed repair 2. Self-initiated other-
completed repair 3. Other-initiated self-
completed repair 4. Other-initiated other-
completed repair Operations:
1. Replacing 2. Inserting
3. Deleting 4. Searching
5. Parenthesizing 6. Aborting
7. Sequence-jumping 8. Recycling
9. Reformatting 10. Reordering
11. Repeat 12. Rephrasing
13. Confirmation 14. Explanation
15. Rejection 16. Combination
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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Types of Study
This research was conducted by using a descriptive qualitative method. Wiersma 1995:12 states that qualitative research is descriptive rather than
predictive. Descriptive qualitative research is a type of research which produces a narrative description of the phenomena under study Vanderstoep and Johnston,
2009:7. In other words, descriptive qualitative research aims to seek the understanding and the meaning of the phenomena being studied. Therefore, the
phenomena under study in qualitative research are described in a detail and deep explanation.
A descriptive qualitative method was employed in this research since the research described one of conversational phenomena, that is, repair phenomenon.
The research described repair phenomenon, especially the types of repair and repair operations found in the first five episodes of Ellen DeGeneres Show season
11. This research was also supported with quantitative method. Quantitative method was employed to measure the frequency of occurrences of types of repair
and repair operations.
B. Instrument
Bogdan and Biklen in Moleong 2001:211 state that in descriptive qualitative research, the researcher acts as the major instrument of the research.
The researcher becomes the major research instrument because the researcher acts
as the planner, the data collector, the data analyzer, and the reporter of the research findings Bogdan and Biklen, 1982:27. Hence, in this research, the
researcher herself acted as the main instrument. Moreover, the secondary instrument employed in this research was the data sheet. The data sheet was used
to record the findings of the research.
C. Forms, Contexts, and the Sources of Data
Qualitative research is a type of research which describes written or oral data obtained from the subject of the research Bogdan and Biklen, 1982:39-48.
Therefore, according to Lofland in Moleong 2001:157, the main data of descriptive qualitative research are words or pictures instead of number. Since the
research employed a descriptive qualitative research, the data of the research were the utterances of Ellen and the guests of Ellen DeGeneres Show season 11. The
data were in the forms of words, phrases, clauses and sentences containing repair. The contexts of the data were the dialogues between Ellen and the guests of the
show. In addition, the data sources of the research were the videos of the first five episodes
of Ellen
DeGeneres Show
season 11
downloaded from
www.youtube.com and the transcript of the interview sessions of the show.
D. Techniques of Data Collection
There are some data collection techniques in qualitative research. According to Vanderstoep and Jhonston 2008:189, the commonly used data
collection techniques in qualitative research are interviewing, ethnography observation, analysis of documents and material culture, and visual analysis.
