Karakterisasi Morfologis Pisang Barangan

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

1. Karakterisasi Morfologis Pisang Barangan

Hasil pengamatan karakter-karakter morfologi tanaman pisang barangan yang diamati pada limabelas desa di lima kecamatan Kabupaten Aceh Timur dapat dilihat pada lampiran 6. Hasil pengamatan karakter morfologis batang pisang barangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1 . Tabel 1. Karakter-karakter morfologis batang 120 aksesi pisang barangan Sampel Pengamatan Parameter Bentuk Batang Warna Batang Kulit Batang Lingkar Batang cm 1 2 3 4 5 AT 1 Bulat CK C 70 AT 2 Bulat CK C 70 AT 3 Bulat CK C 69 AT 4 Bulat CK C 78 AT 5 Bulat CK C 60 AT 6 Bulat CK C 60 AT 7 Bulat CK C 75 AT 8 Bulat CK C 73 AT 9 Bulat CK C 69 AT 10 Bulat CK C 73 AT 11 Bulat CK C 72 AT 12 Bulat CK C 70 AT 13 Bulat CK C 70 AT 14 Bulat CK C 66 AT 15 Bulat CK C 70 AT 16 Bulat CK C 70 AT 17 Bulat CK C 74 AT 18 Bulat CK C 68 AT 19 Bulat CK C 69 AT 20 Bulat CK C 65 AT 21 Bulat CK C 70 AT 22 Bulat CK C 60 AT 23 Bulat CK C 68 AT 24 Bulat CK C 65 AT 25 Bulat CK C 68 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 AT 26 Bulat CK C 70 AT 27 Bulat CK C 74 AT 28 Bulat CK C 68 AT 29 Bulat CK C 65 AT 30 Bulat CK C 75 AT 31 Bulat CK C 72 AT 32 Bulat CK C 70 AT 33 Bulat CK C 57 AT 34 Bulat CK C 62 AT 35 Bulat CK C 62 AT 36 Bulat CK C 53 AT 37 Bulat CK C 61 AT 38 Bulat CK C 68 AT 39 Bulat CK C 75 AT 40 Bulat CK C 75 AT 41 Bulat CK C 67 AT 42 Bulat CK C 71 AT 43 Bulat CK C 70 AT 44 Bulat CK C 68 AT 45 Bulat CK C 71 AT 46 Bulat CK C 72 AT 47 Bulat CK C 70 AT 48 Bulat CK C 73 AT 49 Bulat CK C 70 AT 50 Bulat CK C 71 AT 51 Bulat CK C 69 AT 52 Bulat CK C 61 AT 53 Bulat CK C 68 AT 54 Bulat CK C 68 AT 55 Bulat CK C 70 AT 56 Bulat CK C 70 AT 57 Bulat C C 89 AT 58 Bulat C C 70 AT 59 Bulat CK C 75 AT 60 Bulat CK C 68 AT 61 Bulat CK C 76 AT 62 Bulat CK C 71 AT 63 Bulat CK C 72 AT 64 Bulat CK C 76 AT 65 Bulat CK C 72 AT 66 Bulat CK C 72 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 AT 67 Bulat CK C 68 AT 68 Bulat CK C 68 AT 69 Bulat CK C 76 AT 70 Bulat CK C 73 AT 71 Bulat CK C 75 AT 72 Bulat CK C 71 AT 73 Bulat CK C 60 AT 74 Bulat CK C 53 AT 75 Bulat CK C 54 AT 76 Bulat CK C 67 AT 77 Bulat CK C 76 AT 78 Bulat CK C 64 AT 79 Bulat CK C 88 AT 80 Bulat CK C 65 AT 81 Bulat CK C 65 AT 82 Bulat CK C 70 AT 83 Bulat CK C 65 AT 84 Bulat CK C 66 AT 85 Bulat CK C 66 AT 86 Bulat CK C 63 AT 87 Bulat CK C 66 AT 88 Bulat CK C 65 AT 89 Bulat CK C 54 AT 90 Bulat CK C 71 AT 91 Bulat CK C 68 AT 92 Bulat CK C 66 AT 93 Bulat CK C 65 AT 94 Bulat CK C 64 AT 95 Bulat CK C 61 AT 96 Bulat CK C 66 AT 97 Bulat CK C 67 AT 98 Bulat CK C 69 AT 99 Bulat CK C 68 AT 100 Bulat CK C 67 AT 101 Bulat CK C 62 AT 102 Bulat CK C 70 AT 103 Bulat CK C 71 AT 104 Bulat CK C 60 AT 105 Bulat CK C 68 AT 106 Bulat CK C 55 AT 107 Bulat CK C 67 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 AT 108 Bulat CK C 64 AT 109 Bulat CK C 70 AT 110 Bulat CK C 71 AT 111 Bulat CK C 70 AT 112 Bulat CK C 76 AT 113 Bulat CK C 57 AT 114 Bulat CK C 70 AT 115 Bulat CK C 67 AT 116 Bulat CK C 67 AT 117 Bulat CK C 68 AT 118 Bulat CK C 72 AT 119 Bulat CK C 68 AT 120 Bulat CK C 74 Ket. AT = Aceh Timur C = Coklat CK = Coklat Kehijauan Dari Tabel 1. diketahui bahwa bentuk batang dan tajuk dari 120 aksesi tanaman pisang barangan tidak beragamtidak bervariasi, semua batang berbentuk bulat dan berwarna coklat kehijauan kecuali aksesi AT 57 dan AT 58 berwarna coklat. Sedangkan Kulit batang tidak beragamtidak bervariasi, semua berwarna coklat Gambar 1. Untuk Lingkar batang semua aksesi beragam, aksesi terbesar adalah AT 57 yaitu 89 cm dan yang terkecil AT 74 yaitu 53 cm Gambar 2. Hasil pengamatan karakter morfologis daun 120 aksesi tanaman pisang barangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2. Tabel 2. Karakter-karakter morfologis daun 120 aksesi pisang barangan S am p el Pengamatan Parameter B en tuk D aun W ar n a D au n B ent u k P el ep ah D aun W ar n a P el ep ah D aun L et ak D udu k D aun B el ah an D au n P er m u k aan D au n B ag ian A ta s P er m u k aan D au n B ag ian B aw ah P an jan g T angka i D au n cm P an jan g D au n cm L eb ar D au n cm Jum la h D aun P o hon h el ai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 AT 1 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 59 264 65 27 AT 2 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 56 210 56 34 AT 3 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 66 250 66 33 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 AT 4 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 77 303 81 35 AT 5 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 60 215 60 30 AT 6 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 54 172 50 31 AT 7 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 39 245 55 35 AT 8 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 35 252 45 32 AT 9 TA HT TM HM TMB S HTK HB 30 250 82 36 AT 10 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 26 225 69 35 AT 11 TA HT TM HM TMB S HTK HB 35 243 70 33 AT 12 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 31 240 72 37 AT 13 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 27 264 83 35 AT 14 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 28 230 60 34 AT 15 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 30 225 71 34 AT 16 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 31 261 65 34 AT 17 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 38 240 72 35 AT 18 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 30 222 66 35 AT 19 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 47 257 71 30 AT 20 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 30 260 66 34 AT 21 TA HT TM HM TMB S HTK HB 37 240 70 35 AT 22 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 39 240 71 32 AT 23 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 38 251 72 33 AT 24 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 35 230 70 31 AT 25 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 37 240 75 35 AT 26 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 42 266 82 36 AT 27 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 46 295 88 36 AT 28 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 37 257 80 32 AT 29 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 39 270 81 30 AT 30 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 37 279 76 35 AT 31 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 35 270 66 32 AT 32 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 33 262 69 35 AT 33 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTTK HB 36 224 66 33 AT 34 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 31 184 48 27 AT 35 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 30 232 62 30 AT 36 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 30 210 65 33 AT 37 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 37 196 65 31 AT 38 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 35 235 69 35 AT 39 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 40 266 65 34 AT 40 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTTK HB 38 270 63 31 AT 41 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 39 280 71 33 AT 42 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 30 234 70 36 AT 43 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTTK HB 34 232 73 34 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 AT 44 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 35 247 68 33 AT 45 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 31 272 83 40 AT 46 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 35 254 84 43 AT 47 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 34 225 70 35 AT 48 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 32 260 71 38 AT 49 TA HT TTM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 39 248 75 34 AT 50 TA HT TTM HT TMB S HTTK HB 39 283 76 34 AT 51 TA HT TTM HT TMB S HTTK HB 29 255 68 27 AT 52 TA HT TTM HT TMB AS HTTK HB 27 242 75 22 AT 53 TA HT TTM HM TMB S HTTK HB 27 253 66 32 AT 54 TA HT TTM HT TMB AS HTTK HB 30 277 78 40 AT 55 TA HT TTM HT TMB S HTTK HB 34 231 78 42 AT 56 TA HT TTM HT TMB S HTTK HB 29 275 76 40 AT 57 TA HT TM HM TMB S HTTK HB 47 310 84 34 AT 58 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 40 245 71 33 AT 59 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 51 260 65 32 AT 60 TA HT TM HT TMB AS HTTK HB 26 230 76 34 AT 61 TA HT TM HT TMB AS HTTK HB 29 255 77 29 AT 62 TA HT TM HT TMB AS HTTK HB 31 282 75 22 AT 63 TA HT TM HT TMB S HTTK HB 35 265 76 30 AT 64 TA HT TM HT TMB S HTTK HB 38 280 80 32 AT 65 TA HT TTM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 40 255 77 36 AT 66 TA HT TTM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 36 256 69 38 AT 67 TA HT TTM HM TMB S HTTK HB 35 265 80 38 AT 68 TA HT TTM HT TMB S HTTK HB 32 282 76 34 AT 69 TA HT TTM HM TMB S HTTK HB 27 245 64 35 AT 70 TA HT TTM HT TMB AS HTTK HB 30 272 78 29 AT 71 TA HT TTM HM TMB S HTTK HB 33 266 76 36 AT 72 TA HT TTM HM TMB S HTTK HB 34 254 74 36 AT 73 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 40 253 71 29 AT 74 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 30 226 66 35 AT 75 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 40 237 64 29 AT 76 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 57 273 78 39 AT 77 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 40 279 89 39 AT 78 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 37 244 69 36 AT 79 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 50 240 71 35 AT 80 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 38 257 65 30 AT 81 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 40 282 76 39 AT 82 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 40 247 75 39 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 AT 83 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 44 257 69 36 AT 84 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 43 253 69 32 AT 85 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 43 262 74 30 AT 86 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 40 350 66 34 AT 87 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 47 260 76 29 AT 88 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 41 254 67 34 AT 89 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 22 204 62 29 AT 90 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 34 236 60 25 AT 91 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 31 240 62 23 AT 92 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 36 245 66 25 AT 93 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 45 267 73 31 AT 94 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 36 238 71 31 AT 95 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 36 238 67 30 AT 96 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 33 230 68 29 AT 97 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 40 278 77 26 AT 98 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 36 244 71 27 AT 99 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 47 232 73 25 AT 100 TA HT TM HM TMB S HTK HB 40 237 70 22 AT 101 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 46 256 62 30 AT 102 TA HT TM HM TMB S HTK HB 53 281 70 30 AT 103 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 43 360 62 27 AT 104 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 43 273 72 30 AT 105 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 42 255 72 32 AT 106 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 42 214 63 24 AT 107 TA HT TM HJ TMB S HTK HB 52 261 70 27 AT 108 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 39 218 62 28 AT 109 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 56 260 60 28 AT 110 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 43 271 69 24 AT 111 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 40 274 73 30 AT 112 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 34 266 83 25 AT 113 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 46 264 67 23 AT 114 TA HT TM HJ TMB AS HTK HB 42 270 69 33 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 AT 115 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 40 267 68 25 AT 116 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 33 243 70 24 AT 117 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 28 254 72 32 AT 118 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTK HB 37 264 72 23 AT 119 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 35 243 65 29 AT 120 TA HT TM HM TMB AS HTTK HB 41 268 78 31 Ket : AT = Aceh Timur HB = Hijau bertepung TA = Tegak ke Atas HTB = Hijau Tua Tidak Bertepung HT = Hijau Tua TMB = Tegak Membulat H = Hijau TM = Tegak Melingkar HTK = Hijau Tua Kasar TTM = Tegak Tidak Membulat HTTK = Hijau Tua Tidak Kasar HM = Hijau Muda S = Simetris HT = Hijau Tua As = Asimetris Dari Tabel 2. karakter ukuran daun dari 120 aksesi tanaman pisang barangan cukup bervariasi, untuk bentuk daun, warna daun dan letak duduk daun sama dan tidak bervariasi yaitu bentuk daun tegak keatas dengan warna daun hijau tua dan letak duduk daun tegak melingkar batang. Untuk bentuk pelepah daun terjadi bervariasi, tegak membulat pada aksesi AT 1-48, AT 57-64 dan AT 73-120 sedangkan pada aksesi tidak tegak membulat terdapat pada AT 49-56 dan AT 65-72. Untuk warna pelepah daun terjadi variasi warna yaitu hijau pada AT 1-8, AT 10, AT 17, AT 18, AT 26, AT 33-43, AT 74, AT 81, AT 82, AT 89-98, AT 105-112 dan AT 114. Sedangkan berwarna Hijau Muda pada aksesi pada AT 9, AT 11-16, AT 27-32, AT 53, AT 57-59, AT 65, AT 67, AT 69, AT 71-73, AT 75-80, AT 83- 88, AT 99-104, AT 113, AT 115-120. Untuk warna pelepah daun hijau tua terdapat pada aksesi AT 50-52, AT 54-56, AT 60-64, AT 68, dan AT 70. Aksesi yang memiliki belahan daun asimetris pada AT 1, AT 3, AT 4, AT 6, AT 7, AT 12-17, AT 19-20, AT 22-32, AT 34-39, AT 41-49, AT 52, AT 54, AT 58- Universitas Sumatera Utara 62, AT 65-66, AT 70, AT 73, AT 75-90, AT 92-99, AT 101, AT 103-106, AT 108- 120, sedangkan aksesi simetris yaitu AT 2, AT 5, AT 8-11, AT 18, AT 21, AT 33, AT 40, AT 50, AT 51, AT 53, AT 55-57, AT 63, AT 64, AT 67-69, AT 71, AT 72, AT 74, AT 91, AT 100, AT 102, dan AT 107. Untuk aksesi Permukaan daun bagian atas memiliki variasi yang beragam yaitu berwana hijau tua kasar pada aksesi AT 1-30, AT 73-78, AT 81-118 sedangkan yang berwana hijau tua tidak kasar yaitu pada aksesi AT 31-72, AT 79-80 dan AT 119-120. Untuk permukaan daun bagian bawah tidak terdapat variasi atau keragaman. Untuk panjang daun terpanjang pada aksesi AT 86 yaitu 350 cm dan panjang daun terpendek pada aksesi AT 6 yaitu 172 cm. Lebar daun tertinggi pada aksesi AT 27 selebar 88 cm dan lebar daun terendah pada aksesi AT 6 yaitu selebar 50 cm. Demikian juga untuk jumlah daun per pohon tertinggi adalah pada aksesi AT 55 sebanyak 42 helai dan jumlah daun terendah adalah 22 helai pada aksesi AT 52, AT 62, dan AT100. Hal ini sesuai dengan Desta, 2005 daun yang lebih panjang dan lebar mempunyai kapasitas fotosintesis yang lebih besar sehingga menghasilkan karbohidrat yang lebih besar dibandingkan daun yang berukuran lebih kecil sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan bobot tandan. Hasil pengamatan karakter morfologis bunga pada 120 aksesi tanaman pisang barangan dapat dilihat pada tabel 3. Universitas Sumatera Utara Tabel 3. Karakter-karakter morfologis bunga 120 aksesi pisang barangan Sampel Pengamatan Parameter Tipe Pembungaan Bentuk Bunga Jantung Warna Bunga Jantung Bentuk Jantung Warna Jantung 1 2 3 4 5 6 AT 1 P B PAK L MHGG AT 2 P B PAK L MHGG AT 3 P B PAK L MHGG AT 4 P B PAK L MHGG AT 5 P B PAK L MHGG AT 6 P B PAK L MHGG AT 7 P B PAK L MHGG AT 8 P B PAK L MHGG AT 9 P B PAK L MHGG AT 10 P B PAK L MHGG AT 11 P B PAK L MHGG AT 12 P B PAK L MHGG AT 13 P B PAK L MHGG AT 14 P B PAK L MHGG AT 15 P B PAK L MHGG AT 16 P B PAK L MHGG AT 17 P B PAK L MHGG AT 18 P B PAK L MHGG AT 19 P B PAK L MHGG AT 20 P B PAK L MHGG AT 21 P B PAK L MHGG AT 22 P B PAK L MHGG AT 23 P B PAK L MHGG AT 24 P B PAK L MHGG AT 25 P B PAK L MHGG AT 26 P B PAK L MHGG AT 27 P B PAK L MHGG AT 28 P B PAK L MHGG AT 29 P B PAK L MHGG AT 30 P B PAK L MHGG AT 31 P B PAK L MHGG AT 32 P B PAK L MHGG AT 33 P B PAK L MHGG AT 34 P B PAK L MHGG AT 35 P B PAK L MHGG AT 36 P B PAK L MHGG AT 37 P B PAK L MHGG AT 38 P B PAK L MHGG Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 AT 39 P B PAK L MHGG AT 40 P B PAK L MHGG AT 41 P B PAK L MHGG AT 42 P B PAK L MHGG AT 43 P B PAK L MHGG AT 44 P B PAK L MHGG AT 45 P B PAK L MHGG AT 46 P B PAK L MHGG AT 47 P B PAK L MHGG AT 48 P B PAK L MHGG AT 49 P B PAK L MHGG AT 50 P B PAK L MHGG AT 51 P B PAK L MHGG AT 52 P B PAK L MHGG AT 53 P B PAK L MHGG AT 54 P B PAK L MHGG AT 55 P B PAK L MHGG AT 56 P B PAK L MHGG AT 57 P B PAK L MHGG AT 58 P B PAK L MHGG AT 59 P B PAK L MHGG AT 60 P B PAK L MHGG AT 61 P B PAK L MHGG AT 62 P B PAK L MHGG AT 63 P B PAK L MHGG AT 64 P B PAK L MHGG AT 65 P B PAK L MHGG AT 66 P B PAK L MHGG AT 67 P B PAK L MHGG AT 68 P B PAK L MHGG AT 69 P B PAK L MHGG AT 70 P B PAK L MHGG AT 71 P B PAK L MHGG AT 72 P B PAK L MHGG AT 73 P B PAK L MHGG AT 74 P B PAK L MHGG AT 75 P B PAK L MHGG AT 76 P B PAK L MHGG AT 77 P B PAK L MHGG AT 78 P B PAK L MHGG AT 79 P B PAK L MHGG Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 AT 80 P B PAK L MHGG AT 81 P B PAK L MHGG AT 82 P B PAK L MHGG AT 83 P B PAK L MHGG AT 84 P B PAK L MHGG AT 85 P B PAK L MHGG AT 86 P B PAK L MHGG AT 87 P B PAK L MHGG AT 88 P B PAK L MHGG AT 89 P B PAK L MHGG AT 90 P B PAK L MHGG AT 91 P B PAK L MHGG AT 92 P B PAK L MHGG AT 93 P B PAK L MHGG AT 94 P B PAK L MHGG AT 95 P B PAK L MHGG AT 96 P B PAK L MHGG AT 97 P B PAK L MHGG AT 98 P B PAK L MHGG AT 99 P B PAK L MHGG AT 100 P B PAK L MHGG AT 101 P B PAK L MHGG AT 102 P B PAK L MHGG AT 103 P B PAK L MHGG AT 104 P B PAK L MHGG AT 105 P B PAK L MHGG AT 106 P B PAK L MHGG AT 107 P B PAK L MHGG AT 108 P B PAK L MHGG AT 109 P B PAK L MHGG AT 110 P B PAK L MHGG AT 111 P B PAK L MHGG AT 112 P B PAK L MHGG AT 113 P B PAK L MHGG AT 114 P B PAK L MHGG AT 115 P B PAK L MHGG AT 116 P B PAK L MHGG AT 117 P B PAK L MHGG AT 118 P B PAK L MHGG AT 119 P B PAK L MHGG AT 120 P B PAK L MHGG Universitas Sumatera Utara Ket : AT = Aceh Timur PAK = Putih Agak Lonjong P = Partenokarpi L = Lonjong B = Bare MHGG = Merah Hati bergaris-garis Dari Tabel 3. Diketahui bahwa karakter warna bunga jantung, bentuk bunga jantung, bentuk jantung dan warna jantung serta tipe pembungaan dari 120 aksesi tanaman pisang barangan tidak beragam, semua warna bunga jantung putih agak kekuningan, bentuk bunga jantung bare, bentuk jantung lonjong dan warna jantung merah hati bergaris-garis dengan tipe pertumbuhan partenokarpi. Hasil pengamatan karakter morfologis buah 120 aksesi tanaman pisang barangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4. Tabel 4. Karakter-karakter morfologis buah 120 aksesi pisang barangan S am pe l Pengamatan Parameter P anj ang T an da n B ua h c m Jum la h B ua h sis ir Jum la h B ua h T anda n W arna K ul it B ua h Be nt k T eks tur Bua h P anj ang B ua h c m L ingka r D ia m et er B ua h c m W arna D agi ng B ua h B er at B ua h bu ah gra m Bobot D agi ng B ua h M at ang R as a Bua h A rom a Bua h T eba l K ul it B u ah c m 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 AT 1 119 16 94 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 9.5 2.6 K 90 80 24 H 0.2 AT 2 82 16 115 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 9.5 2.7 K 95 96 24 H 0.2 AT 3 90 17 96 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 10.5 2.8 K 100 98 24 H 0.2 AT 4 104 17 126 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 10.5 2.8 K 100 98 24 H 0.2 AT 5 70 14 70 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 11 2.8 KM 105 98 25 H 0.2 AT 6 63 12 54 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 11 3 KM 115 96 25 H 0.3 AT 7 75 15 62 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 11 3 KM 105 99 25 H 0.2 AT 8 71 13 63 KKBB LAMUTAP 5 10 2.8 KM 102 99 25 H 0.3 AT 9 150 19 180 KKTAB MUTAP5 10.5 2.8 K 100 96 25 H 0.2 AT 10 135 24 140 KKTAB MUTAP5 11 3 K 102 98 25 H 0.2 AT 11 120 16 119 KBS MUTAP5 11 2.6 K 100 98 24 H 0.2 AT 12 120 17 120 KBS LAMUTAP 5 12.5 2.8 KM 130 100 24 H 0.2 AT 13 122 27 171 KBS LAMUTAP 5 12.5 2.8 KM 120 100 24 H 0.3 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 AT 14 121 19 95 KBS LAMUTAP 5 12 2.8 K 110 98 24 H 0.2 AT 15 115 20 120 KBS LAMUTAP 5 12.5 2.8 K 116 98 24 H 0.2 AT 16 125 18 100 KBS LAMUTAP 5 12.5 2.8 K 125 96 24 H 0.2 AT 17 82 16 80 KKBB LAMULP 5 10.5 2.6 KM 50 40 25 H 0.2 AT 18 92 15 72 KKBB LAMULP 5 10.5 2.2 KM 50 36 25 H 0.1 AT 19 100 17 95 KBS MULP5 12 2.8 K 100 56 24 H 0.2 AT 20 97 16 89 KKBS MULP5 9.5 2.4 KM 55 44 24 H 0.1 AT 21 95 14 74 KKBB LAMULP 5 10 2.5 KM 53 38 24 H 0.2 AT 22 80 14 58 KKBB MULP5 9.5 2.3 K 48 31 24 H 0.1 AT 23 84 15 55 KKBB LAMULP 5 10 2.4 KM 48 35 24 H 0.1 AT 24 80 14 57 KBB LAMULP 5 11 2.5 K 52 49 24 H 0.2 AT 25 160 23 140 KBS MUTAP3 12 3 K 100 50 24 H 0.2 AT 26 124 20 103 KBS MUTAP5 11.5 3 K 85 45 24 H 0.3 AT 27 164 20 168 KBS LAMUTAP 5 13 2.8 K 80 40 25 H 0.2 AT 28 100 20 128 KBS LAMUTAP 5 13 2.5 K 75 35 25 H 0.2 AT 29 112 19 110 KBS LAMUTAP 5 11 2.8 K 85 50 25 H 0.2 AT 30 110 19 149 KBS MUTAP4 12 3 K 80 40 25 H 0.3 AT 31 120 17 104 KBS MUTAP3 11.5 3 K 85 50 25 H 0.2 AT 32 118 20 95 KBS LAMUTAP4 13 3 K 85 50 24 H 0.2 AT 33 102 16 84 KKBS MUTAP4 11 2.7 K 51 50 26 H 0.1 AT 34 90 16 77 KKBB MUTAP4 11.5 2.6 K 65 48 25 H 0.2 AT 35 90 18 74 KBS MUTAP5 11 2.8 K 60 48 26 H 0.1 AT 36 80 18 100 KKBS MUTAP5 12 2.8 K 70 35 26 H 0.1 AT 37 100 13 67 KKBS MUTAP4 10.5 2.6 K 60 30 25 H 0.1 AT 38 90 20 138 KKBS MUTAP5 11 2.7 K 50 45 25 H 0.2 AT 39 85 21 80 KKBS MUTAP5 11.5 2.8 K 75 50 26 H 0.2 AT 40 92 18 84 KKBS MUTAP3 10.5 3 KM 60 30 26 H 0.3 AT 41 110 16 138 KKBB LAMULP 5 11.5 2.7 K 95 45 26 H 0.2 AT 42 137 18 126 KKBB LAMULP3 11.5 3 K 85 50 26 H 0.2 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 AT 43 150 18 119 KKBB LAMULP5 10 2.8 K 60 45 26 H 0.1 AT 44 108 22 162 KKBB LAMULP5 10.5 2.7 K 60 50 26 H 0.2 AT 45 105 19 133 KKBB LAMULP4 10 2.9 KM 65 50 26 H 0.2 AT 46 100 18 144 KKBB LAMULP5 11 2.8 K 60 45 27 H 0.3 AT 47 110 12 111 KKBB LAMULP3 11.5 3 K 75 50 27 H 0.2 AT 48 115 15 116 KKBB LAMULP5 11.5 3 K 60 50 26 H 0.3 AT 49 120 7 140 KBB MUTAP5 12 3 K 100 95 26 H 0.2 AT 50 130 8 160 KBB MUTAP5 12 2.8 K 100 96 26 H 0.2 AT 51 119 13 244 KBB MUTAP5 12.5 3 K 105 96 26 H 0.2 AT 52 110 7 132 KBB MUTAP5 11 3 K 90 85 26 H 0.1 AT 53 95 6 115 KBB MUTAP4 12 3 K 100 96 26 H 0.2 AT 54 120 5 100 KBB MUTAP4 11 3 K 100 95 26 H 0.1 AT 55 116 5 212 KBB MUTAP5 12 3 K 100 95 26 H 0.1 AT 56 122 5 153 KBB MUTAP5 10 3 K 100 97 26 H 0.1 AT 57 163 11 213 KKBS MUTAP3 12 3 K 90 50 26 H 0.3 AT 58 120 6 117 KKBB MUTAP4 12 2.9 K 100 50 26 H 0.1 AT 59 128 7 111 KKBB MUTAP5 11 2.8 K 90 60 25 H 0.1 AT 60 110 6 100 KKBB MUTAP3 12.5 3 K 100 60 27 H 0.1 AT 61 115 7 128 KKBS MUTAP4 11.5 3.1 K 90 55 27 H 0.1 AT 62 100 7 140 KKBS MUTAP5 12 2.9 K 100 50 26 H 0.1 AT 63 152 7 200 KKBB MUTAP5 11.5 2.9 K 100 55 26 H 0.2 AT 64 122 6 152 KKBB MUTAP3 11 2.6 K 90 60 27 H 0.1 AT 65 108 6 86 KBS MUTAP3 13 3.1 K 150 75 26 H 0.3 AT 66 120 6 106 KBS LAMUTAP5 12.5 2.9 K 100 65 26 H 0.2 AT 67 115 6 138 KBS LAMUTAP4 12.5 3.2 K 110 75 27 H 0.2 AT 68 102 7 179 KBS LAMUTAP5 11.5 2.8 K 90 55 27 H 0.1 AT 69 90 14 197 KBS LAMUTAP5 12.5 2.9 K 100 75 25 H 0.2 AT 70 112 6 118 KBS LAMUTAP4 14 3.4 K 120 95 26 H 0.4 AT 71 106 6 100 KBS MUTAP5 12 2.6 K 100 55 26 H 0.2 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 AT 72 102 6 120 KBS LAMUTAP3 13 3 K 105 90 26 H 0.3 AT 73 112 18 108 KBB MUTAP4 11 3 K 98 65 25 H 0.3 AT 74 110 17 96 KBB MUTAP3 10 3 K 95 60 25 H 0.3 AT 75 120 16 113 KBB MUTAP3 11 3.2 K 100 66 24 H 0.3 AT 76 141 20 137 KBB MUTAP4 10 2.8 K 98 60 25 H 0.2 AT 77 131 16 141 KBB MUTAP3 11 2.8 K 101 65 25 H 0.2 AT 78 107 16 93 KBB MUTAP5 10 2.8 K 100 60 25 H 0.2 AT 79 166 19 154 KBB MUTAP5 10 2.8 K 100 60 25 H 0.2 AT 80 115 20 90 KBB MUTAP4 10 2.8 K 95 60 24 H 0.2 AT 81 102 16 112 KKBB LAMULP3 11 3 K 120 100 25 H 0.3 AT 82 102 17 119 KKBB LAMULP3 12 3 K 135 95 25 H 0.3 AT 83 98 16 118 KKBB LAMULP5 10.5 3 K 115 98 25 H 0.2 AT 84 106 20 138 KKBB LAMULP5 11 3 K 105 95 25 H 0.2 AT 85 110 16 113 KKBB LAMULP5 10 2.8 KM 100 95 25 H 0.2 AT 86 116 16 106 KKBB LAMULP3 10.5 2.8 KM 102 98 25 H 0.2 AT 87 112 12 119 KKBB LAMULP3 11 3 K 125 98 25 H 0.2 AT 88 100 16 95 KKBB LAMULP5 10.5 2.8 K 100 95 25 H 0.2 AT 89 100 14 70 KBS LAMUTAP3 12 3 K 120 95 24 H 0.2 AT 90 101 16 104 KBS LAMUTAP5 10 2.8 K 100 90 24 H 0.2 AT 91 123 16 82 KBS MUTAP5 11 2.8 K 110 90 24 H 0.2 AT 92 128 16 103 KBS MUTAP5 11 2.8 K 110 98 24 H 0.2 AT 93 133 17 146 KBS LAMUTAP5 12 3 K 135 100 24 H 0.3 AT 94 215 16 76 KBS MUTAP5 11 2.6 KM 105 98 24 H 0.2 AT 95 110 17 101 KBS LAMUTAP5 12 2.8 KM 115 98 24 H 0.2 AT 96 138 18 108 KBS LAMUTAP5 12 2.9 KM 105 98 24 H 0.2 AT 97 107 16 128 KBB LAMULP4 12 3 K 160 110 24 H 0.4 AT 98 124 20 138 KBB MULP5 11 2.8 K 140 105 24 H 0.2 AT 99 110 17 132 KBB LAMULP3 14 3.5 K 180 140 25 H 0.4 AT 100 100 16 107 KBB MULP4 12 2.8 K 120 100 24 H 0.3 Universitas Sumatera Utara 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 AT 101 106 16 105 KBB MULP5 11.5 2.8 K 100 60 24 H 0.2 AT 102 120 16 150 KBB LAMULP4 11.5 3 K 100 55 24 H 0.3 AT 103 120 17 132 KBB MULP5 13 3 K 150 95 25 H 0.3 AT 104 90 18 83 KBB LAMULP4 12.5 3 K 110 85 25 H 0.3 AT 105 118 17 113 KBS MUTAP3 10 2.5 K 55 45 25 H 0.2 AT 106 140 15 64 KBS MUTAP5 9.5 2.5 K 50 40 25 H 0.2 AT 107 133 16 120 KBS MUTAP5 9.5 2.6 K 50 42 25 H 0.2 AT 108 90 12 79 KBS LAMUTAP5 10 2 K 48 35 25 H 0.1 AT 109 119 14 77 KKBS MUTAP5 10 2.2 K 48 36 26 H 0.1 AT 110 123 15 82 KKBS MUTAP4 10 2.5 K 50 35 26 H 0.2 AT 111 140 14 104 KKBS MUTAP3 10.5 2.7 KM 65 48 26 H 0.2 AT 112 162 18 138 KKBS LAMUTAP3 10 2.8 KM 55 45 26 H 0.2 AT 113 80 18 108 KBS MUTAP4 12 3.3 K 135 95 24 H 0.3 AT 114 120 18 131 KBS LUMATAP4 11.5 3 K 100 55 24 H 0.3 AT 115 117 17 99 KBS MUTAP5 11.5 2.7 K 105 60 24 H 0.3 AT 116 130 17 126 KKBB LUMATAP5 12 3.3 K 120 72 24 H 0.3 AT 117 99 16 112 KBB MUTAP3 10 3 K 102 55 24 H 0.3 AT 118 110 15 97 KBB MUTAP3 10.5 3 KM 115 100 25 H 0.2 AT 119 109 16 115 KBB MUTAP3 12 3.1 KM 105 100 25 H 0.3 AT 120 187 19 133 KBS LUMATAP4 12 3.2 KM 110 73 25 H 0.3 Ket : KTAB = Kuning Tidak ada Bintik MULP3 = Melengkung Ujung Lancip Persegi 3 KBS = Kuning Bintik Sedikit MULP4 = Melengkung Ujung Lancip Persegi 4 KTAB = Kuning Bintik Banyak MULP5 = Melengkung Ujung Lancip Persegi 5 KKTAB = Kuning Kemerahan Tidak ada Bintik LAMULP3 = Lurus Agak Melengkung Ujung KKBS KKBS = Kuning Kemerahan Bintik Sedikit Lancip Persegi 3 KKBB = Kuning Kemerahan Bintik Banyak LAMULP4 = Lurus Agak Melengkung Ujung Lancip AT = Aceh Timur Persegi 4 K = Kuning LAMULP5 = Lurus Agak Melengkung Ujung KM = KUning kemerahan Lancip Persegi 5 MUTAP3 = Melengkung Ujung Tumpul Agak Persegi 3 MUTAP4 = Melengkung Ujung Tumpul Agak Persegi 4 MUTAP5 = Melengkung Ujung Tumpul Agak Persegi 5 LAMUTAP3 = Lurus Agak Melengkung Ujung Tumpul Agak Persegi 3 LAMUTAP4 = Lurus Agak Melengkung Ujung Tumpul Agak Persegi 4 LAMUTAP5 = Lurus Agak Melengkung Ujung Tumpul Agak Persegi 5 Dari tabel 4 diketahui bahwa bentuk karakter buah dari 120 aksesi pisang barangan cukup bervariasi, yaitu panjang tandan buah terpanjang pada aksesi AT Universitas Sumatera Utara 120 yaitu 187 cm dan panjang tandan buah terpendek pada aksesi AT 6 yaitu 63 cm. Pada jumlah buah per sisir terbanyak pada aksesi AT 13 yaitu 27 dan paling sedikit pada aksesi AT 54, AT 55 dan AT 56 yaitu sebanyak 5. Pada jumlah buah per tandan terbanyak pada aksesi AT 54 yaitu 244 dan paling sedikit yaitu pada aksesi AT 6 yaitu 54 Gambar 2 dan 4 . Untuk karakter warna kulit terdapat variasi yang berbeda yaitu kuning kemerahan bintik banyak terdapat pada aksesi AT 1-8, AT 17, AT 18, AT 21-23, AT 34, AT 41-48, AT 58-60, AT 63, AT 64, AT 81-88, AT116. Kuning kemerahan tidak ada bintik pada aksesi AT 9, AT 10. Warna kulit buah kuning bintik sedikit pada aksesi AT 11-16, AT 19, AT 25-32, AT 35, AT 65-72, AT 89-96, AT 105-108, AT 113-115,dan AT 120. Untuk kuning kemerahan bintik sedikit terdapat pada aksesi AT 20, AT 33, AT 36-40, AT 57, AT 61, AT 62, AT 109-112. Untuk karakter kuning bintik banyak terdapat pada aksesi AT 24, AT 49-56, AT 73-80, AT 97-104, AT 117-119. Untuk bentuk tekstur buah melengkung ujung tumpul agak persegi 3 terdapat pada aksesi AT 25, AT 31, AT 40, AT 57, AT 60, AT 64, AT 65, AT 74, AT 75, AT 77, AT 105, AT 117, AT 118, AT 119. Untuk buah melengkung ujung tumpul agak persegi 4 terdapat aksesi AT 30,33,34,37,53,54,58,61,73,76,80,110, dan113. Untuk buah melengkung ujung tumpul agak persegi 5 terdapat aksesi AT 9-11, AT 26,AT 35,AT 36, AT 49-52, AT 55, AT 59, AT 62-63, AT 71,AT 78,AT 79,AT 91-92, AT 94, AT 106, AT 107, AT 109, AT 115. Untuk bentuk tekstur buah lurus agak melengkung ujung tumpul agak persegi 3 yaitu pada aksesi AT 72, AT 89, AT 112. Untuk bentuk tekstur buah lurus agak melengkung ujung tumpul agak persegi 4 terdapat pada AT 32, AT 67, AT 70, Universitas Sumatera Utara AT 114, AT 120. Bentuk tekstur buah lurus agak melengkung ujung tumpul agak persegi 5 terdapat pada aksesi AT 1-8, AT 12-16, AT 27-29, AT 66, AT 68, AT 69, AT 90, AT 93, AT 95, AT 96, AT 108, AT 116. Bentuk tekstur buah melengkung ujung lancip persegi 4 terdapat pada aksesi AT 100. Bentuk tekstur buah melengkung ujung lancip persegi 5 terdapat pada aksesi AT 19, AT 20, AT 22, AT 98, AT 101, AT 103. Bentuk tekstur buah lurus agak melengkung ujung lancip persegi 3 terdapat pada aksesi AT 42, AT 47, AT 81, AT 82, AT 86, AT 87, AT 99. Bentuk tekstur buah lurus agak melengkung ujung lancip persegi 4 terdapat pada aksesi AT 45, AT 97, AT 102, AT 104. Bentuk tekstur buah lurus agak melengkung ujung lancip persegi 5 terdapat pada aksesi AT 17, AT 18, AT 21, AT 23, AT 24, AT 41, AT 43, AT 44, AT 46, AT 48, AT 83-85, AT 88. Untuk karakter Warna Daging Buah terdapat variasi yaitu warna Kuning terdapat pada aksesi AT 1-4, AT 9-11, AT 14-16, AT 19, AT 22, AT 24-39, AT 41- 44, AT 46-84, AT 87-93, AT 97-110, dan AT 113-117, sedangkan warna daging buah berwarna kuning kemerahan diperoleh pada aksesi AT 6-8, AT 12, AT 13, AT 17, AT 18, AT 20, AT 21, AT 23, AT 40, AT 45, AT85, AT 86, AT 94, AT 95, AT 96, AT 111, AT 112, AT 118, AT 119 dan AT 120. Pada karakter Panjang buah terdapat variasi, panjang buah tertinggi diperoleh pada aksesi AT 70 dan AT 99 yaitu 14 cm, sedangkan panjang buah terendah pada aksesi AT 1, AT 2, AT 20, AT 22, AT 107 dan AT 107 yaitu 9,5 cm. Karakter Lingkar Diameter Buah diperoleh yang lingkar paling tinggi pada aksesi AT 99 yaitu 3,5 cm dan Lingkar Diameter buah terendah pada AT 108 yaitu 2 cm. Universitas Sumatera Utara Untuk karakter berat buah per buah terdapat keragaman, berat buah per buah yang tertinggi diperoleh pada aksesi AT 99 yaitu 180 gram sedangkan berat buah per buah terendah terdapat pada aksesi AT 22 dan AT 23, AT 108 dan AT 109 yaitu 48 gram. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar berat buah maka makin panjang ukuran buah Desta, 2005. Untuk bobot daging buah matang terdapat banyak variasi, bobot tertinggi pada aksesi AT 97 yaitu 110 gram, sedangkan yang terendah yaitu AT 37 dan AT 40 yaitu 30 gram. Untuk karakter rasa dan aroma buah terdapat variasi yaitu rasa berdasarkan hasil dengan teknik menggunakan alat test refractometer cukup beragam yaitu buah dengan rasa skor 24 terdapat pada aksesi AT 1-4, AT11-16, AT19-26, AT 32, AT 75, AT 80, AT 89-98, AT 100-102, AT 113-117. Sedangkan untuk skor 25 terdapat pada aksesi AT5-10, AT 17, AT 18, AT 27-31, AT 34, AT 37, AT 38, AT 59, AT 69, AT 73, AT 74, AT 76-79, AT 81-88, AT 99, AT 103-108, AT 118-120. Untuk skor 26 terdapat pada aksesi AT 33, AT 35, AT 36, AT 39-45, AT 49-58, AT 62, AT 63, AT 65, AT 66, AT 70, AT 71, AT 72, AT 110, AT 111, AT 112. Untuk skor 27 terdapat pada aksesi AT 46,AT 47, AT 60, AT 61, AT 64, AT 67, AT 68. Untuk karakter tebal kulit buah terdapat keragaman yang cukup yaitu tebal kulit tertinggi pada aksesi AT 97 dan AT 99 yaitu 0,4 cm dan yang terendah yaitu pada aksesi AT18, AT20, AT 22, AT 23, AT 33, AT 35, AT 36, AT 37, AT 43, AT 52, AT 54-56, AT 58-62, AT 64, AT 68, AT 108 dan AT 109. Pisang merupakan salah satu tanaman tropik yang telah banyak dibudidayakan. Kenaekaragaman plasma nutfah pisang di Indonesia sangat besar, mencakup pisang liar maupun pisang yang telah dibudidayakan. Besarnya Universitas Sumatera Utara keanekaragaman pisang ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya variasi bentuk, rasa dan warna buah Valmayor et. al., 2000 serta dalam kelipatan jumlah kromosomnya.

2. Analisis Faktor