Place of Articulation Features Body of Tongue Features Subsidiary Features

24 Schane, 1973:29

2.2.5.4 Place of Articulation Features

Four principal places for consonant articulation as claimed by Chomsky and Halle in Schane, 1973 are labial, dental palato-alveolar, and velar, based on whether the constriction is at the extreme forward region of the oral cavity the anterior consonants or more retracted the nonanteriors, and additionally, whether the articulator is the blade of the tongue the coronals or some other articulator the noncoronals. Schane, 1973:30 25 Labials and dentals are the [+anterior] consonants, whereas velars and palato-alveolars are the [-anterior] consonants. On the other hand, labials and velars are the [-coronal] consonants, while dentals and palato-alveolars are the [+coronal] consonants.

2.2.5.5 Body of Tongue Features

In the vowel classification, the parameters are high, mid, low, front, back, rounded, and unrounded. The parameters relating to backness and rounding are of course binary. Schane, 1973:30 Since, there is only two degrees, plus + and minus - to differentiate a single feature, there must be two features conjointly to specify or differentiate three degrees, such as high, mid, and low. For that reason, Schane decided high and low as the degrees of independent features. Schane, 1973:31 26 Semivowels are similar to high vowels, except for syllabicity. As a result, the features [high], [back], and [round] will also distinguish the numerous semivowels. These features, further also characterize the labials and palatals consonants. Schane, 1973:31

2.2.5.6 Subsidiary Features

There are four principal kinds of subsidiary features, such as, tense, voiced, aspirated, and glottalized. The feature [tense] occurs with both vowels and consonants. Meanwhile, the feature [voiced] occurs with all types of segments, although it is more rare for sonorants to have voicing differences. Besides, the features [aspirated] and [glottalized] are generally used with consonants, and most of the time only with obstruents. 27

2.2.5.7 Prosodic Features