Behavior Domain, Behavior Determinants and Behavior Change.

Behavior Domain, Behavior
Determinants and Behavior Change

Health Behavior: CHAPTER 2

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DESCRIPTION
• This chapter will discuss domain of
behavior, determinants of health
behavior and the ways to change
health behavior.

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OBJECTIVES
General
• Students know the domain of behavior,
determinants of health behavior and

how to change health behavior.
Specific
• Student can explain the behavior
domains
• Student can explain the determinants of
behavior
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What BEHAVIOR is?

In a simple definition,
Behavior is the action or activity of
individual or group who has a very wide
expanse include: walking, talking,
crying, laughing, working, writing,
reading, and etc.
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• Human behavior is any activity or
human activity, both of which can be
observed directly (overt behavior), or
which can not be observed by others
(covert behavior)
(Notoatmodjo, 2003).

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Skinner,

(at Notoatmodjo 2003)

• Behavior is a response or a person's reaction
to stimulus or stimuli from outside.
• Because of this behavior occurs through a

process of stimulus to the organism, the
organism is responding, then it is Skinner's
theory called the theory of

S-O-R

Stimulus – Organism - Response.
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The Type of Behavior

(Notoatmodjo, 2003) :

1. Covert behavior
– Covered person's behavior is a response to the
stimulus in the form of covert or closed.
– Response or reaction to the stimulus is still
limited in attention, perception, knowledge,

awareness, and attitudes that occur in people
who received the stimulus, and can not be
clearly observed by others.

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2. Overt behavior
– Person's response to the stimulus in the
form of action or open.
– The response to the stimulus is already
happened in the form of action or practice,
which can easily be observed or viewed by
others.

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BEHAVIOR DOMAIN
1. Cognitive (knowledge)
2. Affective (attitude
3. Psychomotor (practice)

(Benjamin Bloom, 1956 in Notoatmodjo 2

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knowledge
comprehension
application
analysis

cognitive

synthesis
evaluation

recieving
Behavior

affective

responding
valuing
responsible

perception
psychomotor
Health Behavior: CHAPTER 2

guided response
mechanism
adoption

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Knowledge / Kognitive

• Knowledge is the result of the know,
and this happens after a person
doing the sensing of an object.
• Without knowledge people does not
have a basis for making decisions
and determining actions to the
problems.

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Factors influencing people
knowledge

• Internal factors: factors from
themselves, such as intelligence,
interests, physical condition.

• External factors: external factors

themselves, such as family, community,
facilities.

• Learning approach factors :
learning efforts, such as strategies and
methods in teaching.
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Six level of knowledge
1

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Six levels of knowledge
con’t
4.

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Attitude / Affective
• Attitude is a reaction or response
from someone who is still closed to a
stimulus or object.
• Allport (1954) explains that the
attitude has three main components:
– Belief, the idea, the concept of an object
– Emotional life or evaluation of an object
– Tend to behave
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Four level of attitude
1

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Practice/ Psychomotor
• An attitude not automatically realize
in an action (overt behavior).
• To realize the attitude to be an
action/practice, need supporting
factors or a condition, facilities, and
supporting factors

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Four levels of Practice
1

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How to measure the
behavior?
• Interview of the activities that have been
done a few hours, days or months ago
(recall).
• Direct measurement, by observing the
actions or activities of the respondent.

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DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOR
Lawrence Green (1980)
Preceed – Proceed Theory by Lawrence Green (1980)
• Green analyze human behavior from the level of health.
That people health is influenced by two main factors,
they are the behavioral factors (behavior causes ) and
non-behavioral factors (non-behavioral causes).
The behavior is influenced by :
• Predisposing factor (knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values,
perception)
• Enabling factor (attitudes and behavior of health
personnel and other, peers, parents, employers, etc)
• Reinforcing factor (availability of resources, accessibility,
referrals, rules and laws, skills)
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Determinants of behavior
Snehandu B. Kar (1983)
1

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Determinants of behavior
WHO (1984)

WHO analyzed that people behavior was caused
1by :

(Notoatmodjo, 2003).
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The adoption of a new behaviors occur within the
process
1

Rogers (1974), in Notoatmodjo (2003)
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Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What is covert behavior?
Write an example!
What is the overt behavior?
Write example!
How the people adopted a new
behavior?

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References
• Notoatmodjo, Soekidjo. Promosi Kesehatan;
Teori dan Praktek. PT Rineka Cipta. Jakarta.
2005
• WHO, Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
First International Conference on Health
Promotion Ottawa, 21 November 1986 WHO/HPR/HEP/95.1
• WHO, Health Promotion Glossary, WHO,
Geneva, 1998
• Peggy Hickman, A Systems Approach to
Health Education, Rural Health Institute
Health Behavior: CHAPTER 1

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