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Limitation and Formulation of the Problems

BAB II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE TPR

1. The Understanding of TPR

There are many educational approaches that are used in English teaching as second language, one of them is TPR. TPR is educational approach that requires coordination speech and physical activities in learning foreign language as target language. According to Richard and Theodore, they stated “TPR is a language teaching method built around the coordination of speech and action; it attempts to teach language through phy sical motor activity.” 7 It was developed by James J. Asher, a professor of psychology at San Jose State University, California. He began experimenting with TPR in the 1960s. The Meaning of TPR is designed to teach student who learn English Language as their first language, it is emphasized on developing students comprehension skill before the students learn speaking skill. Students should not be encouraged to speak until they are ready. As stated by Setiyadi, he stated “The meaning of Total Physical Response emphasized on comprehension and delays the production of language.” 8 Many people believe that The Meaning of TPR is only appropriate for children. However, TPR can be used to teach adult. Asher stated, The meaning of Total Physical Response can be used to teach any foreign language not only to children but also adults 1988:31. 9 It means that TPR is appropriate not only for children but also for adults. Based on those definitions, it can be concluded that TPR is one of methods that requires coordination between speech and physical activities, it emphasized 7 Theodore S. Rodgers and Jacks C. Richards, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 87. 8 Ag. Bambang Setiyadi, Teaching English as A Foreign Language, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 126. 9 Ag. Bambang Setiyadi, Teaching English as A Foreign Language, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 126.

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