Answers to Selected Exercises
ANS-5
10. Several states have abolished the insanity defense against criminal responsibility.
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This may be popular with voters, but it is morally indefensible.
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Insanity removes moral responsibility, and
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it is wrong to punish someone who is not morally re-
sponsible for his crime. Moreover,
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it is pointless to punish the insane because
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punishment has no deterrent effect on a person who cannot appreci-
ate the wrongfulness or criminality of his or her actions.
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13.
➀
If today is Saturday, then tomorrow is Sunday.
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If tomorrow is Sunday, then we’ll be having pasta for dinner.
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If we’ll be having pasta for din- ner, then I should pick up some red wine today
because
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in this state wine can be purchased only at liquor stores, and
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the liquor stores are closed on Sundays.
➅
Today is Saturday. Therefore,
➆
I should pick up some red wine today.
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II. 1. Since
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our feelings, desires, and preferences can be either beneficial or harmful, noble or ignoble,
praiseworthy or damnable, and since
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they can be either in harmony or in conf lict with other people’s
feelings, desires, and preferences,
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they are obvi- ously not accurate tools for analysis of moral issues
or trustworthy guidelines to action.
➀ ➂
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4.
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School tests should be abolished.
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Tests intro- duce competition where it does not belong.
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They deny the individuality of students’ talents and inter-
ests.
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They degrade education by encouraging pas- sivity, mindlessness, and triviality. Finally,
➄
they 34. Weak analogy.
37. Hasty generalization. 40. Slippery slope.
II. 1. Loaded question.
4. False alternatives. 7. False alternatives.
10. Questionable cause. 13. Equivocation.
16. Hasty generalization. 19. False alternatives.
22. Hasty generalization. 25. Weak analogy.
28. Appeal to ignorance.
C
H APT ER
7
E
X E R C I S E
7.1
I. 1.
➀
Bertie probably isn’t home.
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His car isn’t in the driveway, and
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there are no lights on in his house.
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➂
4.
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Affirmative action in higher education is mor- ally justifiable because
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it compensates for past discrimination,
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provides valuable role models for women and minorities, and
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promotes multi- cultural understanding.
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7.
➀
Only three people could have stolen the CD: Danny, Stacy, or Patrick. But
➁
Stacy couldn’t have stolen the CD because
➂
she was out riding her bike.
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Patrick couldn’t have stolen the CD because
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he was at a friend’s house. Therefore,
➅
Danny must have stolen the CD.
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⫹ ➁
➃ ➅
➂ ➄
