ANS-10
Answers to Selected Exercises Political scientists
Persons who favor campaign finance reform
Social scientists
Valid
X
13. All tax evaders are lawbreakers. No lawbreakers are model citizens.
So, no model citizens are tax evaders. Lawbreakers
Model citizens Tax evaders
Valid
16. No harmless acts are immoral acts. Some lies are not harmless acts.
So, some lies are not immoral acts. Harmless acts
Lies Immoral acts
Invalid
X
19. All persons who eat pizza every night are persons at risk for heart disease.
Some persons who are at risk for heart disease are cab drivers.
So, some cab drivers are persons who eat pizza every night.
Persons at risk for heart disease
Cab drivers Persons who eat
pizza every night
Invalid
X
C
HAPTER
10
E
XERCISE
10.1
I. II.
III. 1. p
1. T 1. T
4. p q 4. T
4. T 7. p q
7. F 7. F
10. p q 10. F
10. T
19. Some butchers are not bakers. No butchers are candlestick makers.
So, some candlestick makers are not bakers. Butchers
C andlestick makers
B akers
X
Invalid
II. 1. No Nobel Prize winners are rock stars.
Some astrophysicists are Nobel Prize winners. Therefore, some astrophysicists are not rock stars.
Nobel Prize winners
Astrophysicists Rock stars
Valid
X
4. All liberals are big spenders. All persons identical to Senator Crumley are big
spenders. So, all persons identical to Senator Crumley are
liberals. Big spenders
Senator Crumley Liberals
Invalid
7. Some lawyers are not golfers. All lawyers are persons who have attended law
school. So, some persons who have attended law school are
not golfers. Lawyers
Persons who have attended law school
Golfers
Valid
X
10. All political scientists are social scientists. Some political scientists are persons who favor
campaign finance reform. So, some persons who favor campaign finance
reform are social scientists.
Answers to Selected Exercises
ANS-11
V. 1. ˜ p ˜ q
... ˜ p q
p q
˜p ˜q
p q ˜p ˜q ˜p q C
T T
F F
T F
F T
F F
T F
F T
F T
T F
F F
T F
F T
T F
T T
Valid. 4. ˜ p q
p ... ˜ q
p q
p q ˜p q
p ˜q C
T T
T F
T F
T F
F T
T T
F T
F T
F F
F F
F T
F T
Valid.
E
X E R C I S E
10 .4
I. 1. T
4. F 7. T
10. T
III. 1.
c d ˜ k 4.
t b ˜ w
IV. 1.
p q ˜ q r
... ˜ r
p q
r q r
p q ˜q r
˜r C 1.
T T
T T
T F
F 2.
T T
F F
T T
T 3.
T F
T F
F T
F 4.
T F
F F
F T
T 5.
F T
T T
F F
F 6.
F T
F F
F T
T 7.
F F
T F
F T
F 8.
F F
F F
F T
T
Valid. 4.
b ˜ t ˜ m b
... ˜ m ˜ t
E
X E R C I S E
10 .2
I. 1.
p q
p q C T
T T
T F
F F
T F
F F
F
Valid. 4.
r s C
T T
T F
F T
F F
Invalid.
II. 1.
p q
... p q
p q
p q C T
T T
T F
F F
T F
F F
F
Valid.
E
X E R C I S E
10 .3
I. III.
1. F 1.
p ˜ q 4. F
4. ˜ p q 7. F
7. p ˜ q
10. T 10. ˜ p q
IV. 1.
p q
˜p ˜p q C
T T
F F
T F
F F
F T
T T
F F
T F
Valid. 4.
p q
p q ˜p q
p ˜q C
T T
T F
T F
T F
F T
T T
F T
F T
F F
F F
F T
F T
Valid.
