Sosnowski 70 states that the mass killing of Jews was first done to Jewish people from the conquered countries in the East. There were two ways to
accomplish the mass murder: direct extermination, when people were killed in camps or military operations, and indirect extermination, when people died as a
result of extreme conditions such as hard work, diseases or starvation.
2.3 Theoretical Framework
To answer the problems which are formulated in the problem formulation, several theories are needed, such as theory of character and characterization, theory
of friendship, and also theory of motivation. Theory of critical approach is employed to determine the most appropriate approach in analyzing and interpreting
the novel. The theory of character and characterization is needed to answer the first
problem. It is important to know the theory of character because the analysis in this study involves several characters in the novel. The theory of characterization is
applied in this study to reveal the characterization of the characters as this theory provides the definition and techniques of characterization.
To answer the second problem, two theories are used, namely theory of friendship and theory of motivation. Theory of friendship gives information about
the definition of friendship, the types of friendship, and the stages development of friendship. Theory of motivation discusses the types of needs and the hierarchy of
needs. Related to the theory of friendship, the theory of motivation explains the factors and the reasons of why one needs to get friends and build relationship with
others.
To discuss the topic further, it is also important to obtain information about the Nazi itself. Therefore, the theory of Nazism and the review on history of Nazi
occupation in Europe during World War II, especially the history of the Jews under the Nazi occupation, are applied to provide comprehension about what happens to
the countries invaded by Nazi Germany, especially its Jewish citizens. The review also gives insight to what the Nazi did when dealing with the Jews and other minor
ethnics.
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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
This chapter consists of object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. Object of the study gives explanation about the author and the
novel. Approach of the study deals with the approaches employed to analyze the study. Method of the study explains the steps and the process in completing this
study.
3.1 Object of the Study
The novel that was discussed in this study is The Boy in the Striped Pajamas. It was written by an Irish writer named John Boyne in 2006. The novel
used in this study was published by David Fickling Books in 2006. It has two hundred twenty four pages long and is divided into twenty chapters.
The Boy in the Striped Pajamas is Boyne’s fourth novel and is considered as one of the best novels he has ever written. Not only has the novel been translated
into more than 30 languages and sold more than 5 millions copies around the world, it was made into an award-winning Miramax film and also remained in the Irish
Bestseller’s List for over a year and was the sixth highest selling novel of 2008. Unlike the months of planning his other books, it is said that Boyne wrote the entire
first draft of this novel in two and a half days. Boyne, who was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1971, wrote several other novels such as The Thief of Time 2000, The
