6. Reactions The author can give the reader a clue to a person’s character by letting the
reader know how that person reacts to various situations and events. 7. Direct comment
The author can describe or comment on a person’s character directly. 8. Thoughts
The author can give us direct knowledge of what a person is thinking about. 9. Mannerism
The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits, or idiosyncrasies which may also tell us something about his character.
The methods of characterization were used to analyze the way Jane Austen presents the characters to the readers. I also used Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice
by Barnes Noble and Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice by Penguin to facilitate my study furthermore.
However, not all of the methods of characterization are used to analyze the characterization of the characters in the novel. It is because the author of the
novel, Jane Austen, does not use all of the methods of characterization above, but only some of them are used.
B. CRITICAL APPROACHES
According to Rohrberger and Woods 1971: 6-14, there are five approaches that the writer needs to know to put him in a position to receive some
of the positive esthetic values. They are formalist approach that concentrate almost entirely on its esthetic value and concerned with demonstrating the
harmonious involvement of all the parts to the whole and with pointing out how meaning is derived from structure and how matters of technique determine
structure; biographical approach that attempts to learn as much as we can about the life and development of the author and to apply this knowledge in our attempt
to understand his writings; socio-cultural-historical approach which insist that the only way to locate the real work is in reference to the civilization that produced it;
mythopoeic approach that seek to discover certain universally recurrent patterns of human thought, which they believe to have an expression in significant works
of art; psychological approach that involves the effort to locate and demonstrate certain recurrent patterns. It draws on a different body of knowledge most often
on that offered by Sigmund Freud and his followers. The five approaches described above have their values and their
limitations. It seems likely to the authors that no single approach will serve for every piece of literature. Each of those have their proper insights to give and part
of the task of the critic and the reader of literature is to find the approach or approaches that will best lead to adjust appreciation of a particular work of
literature 15. This thesis uses psychological approach to analyze the alteration of emotion in the novel.
C. PSYCHOANALYSIS
According to http:en.wikipedia.orgwikiPsychoanalysis, Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian Physician Sigmund Freud and his
followers, which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
