Graves 2000: 26. As cited by Graves 2000, Stern proposes four concepts in articulating teachers’ beliefs. They are view of language, view of the social
context of the language, view of learning and learners, and view of teaching.
a. Beliefs about Language
Teachers’ views of a language lead them to a way how they teach or how the language should be learned and what they teach Graves 2000: 28. According
to Hutchinson and Waters 1987, there are six main stages of development of language descriptions.
i. Classical or Traditional Grammar
Classical or traditional grammar view believes that all languages are descended from Greek and Latin. Thus, the grammar of the languages should be
based on the grammars of those two languages. ii.
Structural Linguistics According to this stage, language is about fundamental propositions
statement, interrogative, negative, imperative, etc and notions time, number, gender, etc which are carried by the syntagmatic structures. It means that
sentences with different meanings can be produced through words within those structural frameworks variations.
iii. Transformational Generative Grammar
In this view of language, Chomsky states that there must be two levels of meaning; they are deep level and surface level. Deep level is about both thoughts
and a surface level organization, whereas surface level is the expression of thoughts through the syntax of language. Thus, grammar of a language is seen as
PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
the rules enabling people to produce the surface structures from the deep level of meaning.
iv. Language Variation and Register Analysis
Language varies depending on the context. So the kind of language dealing with a specific context, such as an area of knowledge medical English,
business English, scientific English can be identified through the language used itself then.
v. FunctionalNotional Grammar
This view of language sees language as a mean of communication which conveys social function and people’s attention. Function deals with social
behaviour and speaker’swriter’s intention, like advising, warning, describing, etc. vi.
DiscourseRhetorical Analysis The meaning of a language is concluded from the context of the sentences.
Different context causes different meaning in the same sentence.
b. Beliefs about the Social Context of Language
