Oh Ken, you shouldn’t have SURPRISE OR REGRET
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We use will have to more than must to express future obligation, especially when talking about obligations at a particular point in the future:
He’ll have to wait five weeks for his eye operation. Then he’ll have to have both eyes operated on.
We often use must with more general references to the future, particularly when talking about obligations that come from the speaker:
The Prime Minister must decide in the next month. I must try harder next time.
I must pop round one evening next week.
When we talk about no obligation, we use either need not, don’tdoesn’tdidn’t have to or the negative of the main verb need
don’tdoesn’t need:
You needn’t worry about it. I’ll take care of it. You don’t have to worry about it. I’ll take care of it.
You don’t need to worry about it. I’ll take care of it. RULES AND LAWS
We use must not to talk about what is not permitted:
You must not park outside the entrance. You must not make noise after 9 o’clock.
Must and must not often occur in public signs and notices indicating laws, rules and prohibitions:
[airline website information]
All passengers must present valid photo identification at check-
in for all flights. [bus company website notice]
Tickets must be retained for inspection, and must be produced
for inspection on request by any authorised official of Bus Éireann. Bus Éireann is the name of the Irish national bus
company
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INVITATIONS AND ENCOURAGEMENT
We also use must to express polite invitations or encouragement:
You must come and see us soon. You must try some of this chocolate cake. It’s delicious.
You must go and see that film. CRITICISMS
We use the question form of must in criticisms:
Must you keep playing that terrible music? Why must you mispronounce my name every time?
MUST AND HAVE GOT TO? OBLIGATIONS
We usually use must to talk about obligations which come from the speaker and we generally use have got to when we refer to obligations that come
from outside the speaker. Practice the pattern by having the examples telling about your daily life
such as we must pay the tax before the due time, teachers have to be a good model. Make your own examples
Compare:
Tabel 16 Must Have got to I must buy some new clothes. Mine look
so old. The obligation is from me to buy
new clothes.
I’ve got to buy some new clothes. I’m
starting a new job as a teacher and we
have to wear formal clothes.
The obligation is from the school to buy new clothes.
WARNING:
Must not and don’t have tohaven’t got to have different meanings.
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Compare:
Tabel 17 The Meaning of Mustn’t Haven’t got to You must not give my credit
card details to anyone.
You mustn’t tell this to
anyone. It’s a secret. We use mustn’t to talk about something which
is forbidden.
You don’t have to tell
anyone. I will email everyone.
We haven’t got to wear a
uniform to work. We use don’t have tohaven’t got to when
something is not necessary. It is not forbidden.
Don’t have to can sometimes be used to criticize someone or to tell them not to do something. This is less direct than must not:
You don’t have to drink all of the juice stop drinking the juice DEDUCTIONS
We can also use have got to when we make deductions or draw conclusions. Must is more common than have got to in this meaning:
• That must be a fake • That picture has got to be a fake
MUST: TYPICAL ERRORS
We don’t use must to expresses obligation and necessity in the past. We use had to instead:
• When she got home, she had to cook dinner before everyone
arrived. Not: When she got home, she must cook dinner before …
We don’t use must to make predictions about the future. We use will instead:
• Don’t worry about our accommodation because I found a nice
hotel which will be suitable for us.
Not: Don’t worry about our accommodation because I found a nice hotel which must be suitable for us.
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