Oh Ken, you shouldn’t have SURPRISE OR REGRET

Bahasa Inggris SMP KK B 49 We use will have to more than must to express future obligation, especially when talking about obligations at a particular point in the future:  He’ll have to wait five weeks for his eye operation. Then he’ll have to have both eyes operated on. We often use must with more general references to the future, particularly when talking about obligations that come from the speaker:  The Prime Minister must decide in the next month.  I must try harder next time.  I must pop round one evening next week. When we talk about no obligation, we use either need not, don’tdoesn’tdidn’t have to or the negative of the main verb need don’tdoesn’t need:  You needn’t worry about it. I’ll take care of it.  You don’t have to worry about it. I’ll take care of it.  You don’t need to worry about it. I’ll take care of it. RULES AND LAWS We use must not to talk about what is not permitted:  You must not park outside the entrance.  You must not make noise after 9 o’clock. Must and must not often occur in public signs and notices indicating laws, rules and prohibitions: [airline website information]  All passengers must present valid photo identification at check- in for all flights. [bus company website notice]  Tickets must be retained for inspection, and must be produced for inspection on request by any authorised official of Bus Éireann. Bus Éireann is the name of the Irish national bus company Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1 50 INVITATIONS AND ENCOURAGEMENT We also use must to express polite invitations or encouragement:  You must come and see us soon.  You must try some of this chocolate cake. It’s delicious.  You must go and see that film. CRITICISMS We use the question form of must in criticisms:  Must you keep playing that terrible music?  Why must you mispronounce my name every time? MUST AND HAVE GOT TO? OBLIGATIONS We usually use must to talk about obligations which come from the speaker and we generally use have got to when we refer to obligations that come from outside the speaker. Practice the pattern by having the examples telling about your daily life such as we must pay the tax before the due time, teachers have to be a good model. Make your own examples Compare: Tabel 16 Must Have got to I must buy some new clothes. Mine look so old. The obligation is from me to buy new clothes. I’ve got to buy some new clothes. I’m starting a new job as a teacher and we have to wear formal clothes. The obligation is from the school to buy new clothes. WARNING:  Must not and don’t have tohaven’t got to have different meanings. Bahasa Inggris SMP KK B 51 Compare: Tabel 17 The Meaning of Mustn’t Haven’t got to You must not give my credit card details to anyone. You mustn’t tell this to anyone. It’s a secret. We use mustn’t to talk about something which is forbidden. You don’t have to tell anyone. I will email everyone. We haven’t got to wear a uniform to work. We use don’t have tohaven’t got to when something is not necessary. It is not forbidden. Don’t have to can sometimes be used to criticize someone or to tell them not to do something. This is less direct than must not:  You don’t have to drink all of the juice stop drinking the juice DEDUCTIONS We can also use have got to when we make deductions or draw conclusions. Must is more common than have got to in this meaning: • That must be a fake • That picture has got to be a fake MUST: TYPICAL ERRORS We don’t use must to expresses obligation and necessity in the past. We use had to instead: • When she got home, she had to cook dinner before everyone arrived. Not: When she got home, she must cook dinner before … We don’t use must to make predictions about the future. We use will instead: • Don’t worry about our accommodation because I found a nice hotel which will be suitable for us. Not: Don’t worry about our accommodation because I found a nice hotel which must be suitable for us. Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1 52

b. SEMI MODAL

The semi-modal verbs or marginal modals are: dare, need, used to and ought to. They behave similarly to modal verbs but also share some characteristics with main verbs:  How dare she criticise us? as a modal verb, the interrogative formed without do  He didnt dare to look back. as a main verb, followed by a to-infinitive and the negative formed with do  Need you make so much noise?  as a modal verb, the interrogative formed without do  You neednt have been so rude. as a modal verb, the perfect infinitive used to refer to past time  Do you need to use the hairdryer? as a main verb, followed by a to-infinitive and the interrogative formed with do  They used to live by the sea. unlike a modal verb, followed by a to-infinitive  You ought to know that by now. unlike a modal verb, followed by a to-infinitive Sumber: http:www.grammaring.comtypes-of-modals USED TO Used to: meaning and form We use used to when we refer to things in the past which are no longer true. It can refer to repeated actions or to a state or situation:  He used to play football for the local team, but he’s too old now.  That white house over there used to belong to my family. It belonged to my family in the past, but not any more.