STATUS HAK ATAS TANAH YANG DIPEROLEH PARA TRANSMIGRAN PERMASALAHAN DAN PENYELESAIANNYA Repository - UNAIR REPOSITORY

  ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

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  P A N I T I A P ENGUJ I : K E T U A : WI SK U SUSANT O, S . H .

  SEK R ET AR I S : EMAN RAMELAN, S . H . , ANGGOTA : 1 . SOEDALHAR, S . H .

  2 . SUMA R DJ I , S . H .

  5 . R EI NHARD R . » S . H

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  FI RMANMU I T U P E L I T A BA GI K AK I K U DAN TERAJMG BA GI JALANK U ( MAZMUR 1 1 9 : 1 0 5 ) k u p e r s e m b a h k a n b u a t :

  A y ah I b u t e r c i n t a

  I Way an S . d a n N y . S u b i n g a h , s e r t a k e k a s i h k u D a n i e l S u b a g y o ,

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

K A T A P E N G A N T A R

  S e g a l a p u j i s y u k u r s a y a p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t T uh an Y a n g Maha E s a a t a s k a s i h d a n k a r u n i a N y a , s e h i n g g a s a y a d a p a t m e n y e l e s a i k a n s k r i p s i i n i , y a n g d i a j u k a n un t uk m e - l e n g k a p i t u g a s d a n m e m e nuhi s y a r a t - s y a r a t un t uk m e n c ap a i g e l a r s a r j a n a hukum p a d a F a k u l t a s Hukum U n i v e r s i t a s A i r - l a n g g a S u r a b a y a .

  P e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i b a r d a s a r k a n d a t a - d a t a y a n g s a y a p e r o l e h m e l a l u i s t u d i k e p u s t a k a a n d a n d a r i h a s i l k u - l i a h p a d a F a k u l t a s Hukum U n i v e r s i t a s A i r l a n g g a .

  A t a s t e r s u s u n n y a s k r i p s i i n i t i d a k d a p a t s a y a l u - p a k a n b e r b a g a i p i h a k y a n g t e l a h ba n y a k m e m bant u. O l e h k a - r e n a . i t u , p a d a k e s e m p a t a n i n i s a y a h a n y a d a p a t m e n y a m p a i - k a n b a n y a k t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a :

  1 . B a p a k S o e d a l h a r , S . H . s s l a k u d o s e n p e m bi m bi n g d an p e n g u j i y a n g t e l a h m e m be ri p e t u n j u k -p e t u n j u k y a n g s a n g a t b e r h a r g a d an b i m b i n g a n d a l a m p e n y u su n a n s k r i p s i i n i ;

  2 . B a p a k W i s n u S u s a n t o , S . H . , B a p a k S u m a r d j i , S . H . , B a p a k Eman R a m e l a n , S . H . , M S . , B a p a k R e i n h a r d R a - h a n i n g m a s , S . H . , MS. s e l a k u d o s e n -d o s e n p e n g u j i s k r i p s i i n i ; 3 . s e l u r u h d o s e n d a n a s i s t e n d o s e n F a k u l t a s Hukum

  U n i v e r s i t a s A i r l a n g g a y a n g t e l a h m e m be r i b e k a l i l - mu p e n g e t a h u a n k e p a d a s a y a ;

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  4 . s t a f - s t a f p e r p u s t a k a a n y a n g t e l a h m e m bant u m e n y e - d i a k a n b u k n -b u k u b a c a a n p e n u n j a n g p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i ; 5 . a y a h i b u n d a t e r c i n t a I Way an S u k a r e n a d a n N y . S u - b i n g a h y a n g t e l a h m e n d i d i k , mem'bim'bing d a n m e m be - r i k a n d o a r e s t u d e m i l a n c a r n y a s t u d i s a y a ;

  6 . k a k a k k u t e r c i n t a mbak N i e k , mas Do n d a n k a k a k -k a - k ak k u y a n g l a i n s e r t a a d i k -a d i k k u y a n g t e l a h mem^ b e r i se m a n g a t d a n d o r o n g a n s e l a m a s a y a b e l a j a r h i n g g a s e l e s a i n y a p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i ;

  7 . k e k a s i h k u t e r s a y a n g D a n i e l S u b a g y o y a n g d e n g a n s e - t i a , pe n uh k e s a b a r a n m e m bant u d a n m e m be r i k a n s e m a - n g a t s e r t a d o r o n g a n k e p a d a s a y a h i n g g a t e r s u s u n n y a s k r i p s i i n i ;

  8 . mas J o n a t h a n P r i y o n o y a n g t e l a h m e m be r i k a n f a s i l i - t a s d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n s k r i p s i i n i ; 9 . t e m a n -t e m s n y a n g t e l a h m e m be ri b a n t u a n b a i k r a o r i l m aupun s p i r i t u i l .

  A k h i r n y a , s a y a b e r h a r a p se m o g a s k r i p s i i n i b e r m a n - f a a t b a g i m a s y a r a k a t p a d a umumnya d a n m a h a s i s w a p a d a k h u - s u s n y a s e r t a m e m be r i k a n sum ban g an p e m i k i r a n y a n g m un g k i n a d a g u n a n y a .

  S u r a b a y a , J u n i 1 9 8 9 .

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ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

D A I' T A R I S I

  K a t a P e n g a n t a r ............................................................................. i v D a f t a r I s i .............. .................................................. .................... v i B a b I : PEHDAHULUAN.................................................................

  1 1 . P e r m a s a l a h a n : L a t a r D e l a k a n g d a n ................ R um usan n y a............................................... .............

  1 2 . P e n j e l a s a n J u d u l .................................................

  6 3 . A l a s a n P e m i l i h a n J u d u l .....................................

  8 4 . T u j u a n P e n u l i s a n .......... .................................. . .

  8 5 . M e t o d o 3 .o g i ........................... ....................... . . . . .

  9 6 . P e r t a n g g u n g j a w a b a n S i s t e m a t i k a .....................

  10 Ba b X I : T I NJ A UA N TENTANG HAK M X L I K ............................... .

  12 1 . P e n g e r t i a n Hak M i l i k .........................................

  12 2 . S i f a t - s i f a t Hak M i l i k .......................................

  18 3 . S u b j e k Hak M i l i k .................................................

  19 4 . T e r j a d i n y a Hak M i l i k .........................................

  24 5 . H a p u s n y a Hak M i l i k .............................................

  30 B a b I I I : T I NJ A UA N TENT ANG HAK P A K A I ...................................

  33 1 . P e n g e r t i a n Hak P a k a i .........................................

  33 2 . S i f a t - s i f a t Hak P a k a i .......................................

  36 3 . S u b j e k Hak P a k a i ........ . . . . . ..............................

  38 4 . T e r j a d i n y a Hak P a k a i * ..........

  38 5 . H a p us n y a Hak P a k a i .............................................

  42 Ba b I V : ST AT US HAK ATAS TAWAH YANG DI P ER OL EH ............... PARA T R AHSMI GR AN.......................................................

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2 . F e n y e l e s a i a n . . . . ..................................................

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ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

B A B I

  P ENDAHULUAN 1 . P e r m a s a l a h a n : L a t a r B e l a k a n g d a n R um usannv a

  I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h N e g a r a K e s a t u a n y a n g m e m i l i k i k e ­ k a y a a n a l am y a n g m e l i m p a h . D i t i n j a u d a r i s u d u t g e o g r a f i s , I n d o n e s i a t e r d i r i d a r i b e r i b u - r i b u p u l a u , b a i k b e s a r m au- p un k e c i l . Ban d i t i n j a u d a r i s u d u t d e m o g r a f i s , I n d o n e s i a m e m puny ai p e n d ud uk y a n g t e r s e b a r d i p e l b a g a i p u l a u n y a .

  J um l ah p e n d ud uk I n d o n e s i a d a r i t a h u n k e t a h u n m e - n g a l a m i p e r t u m bu h a n y a n g s a n g a t c e p a t , s e h i n g g a m e n y e ba b- k an K e p u l a u a n I n d o n e s i a s e m a k i n p a d a t , t e t a p i k e p a d a t a n p e n d ud uk a n t a r a p u l a u y a n g s a t u d e n g a n p u l a u y a n g l a i n t i d a k l a h s am a. De n g an p e r k a t a a n l a i n , bah w a k e p a d a t a n p e n d ud uk t e r s e b u t t i d a k d i i m b a n g i d e n g a n p e n y e b a r a n p e n ­ d ud uk y a n g m e r a t a .

  J um l ah p e n d ud uk y a n g s e l a l u b e r t a m b a h d a r i t a h u n k e t a h u n a k a n r a e n g a k i b a t k a n k e s e m p a t a n k e r j a s e m a k i n b e r - k u r a n g , t e t a p i s e b a l i k n y a b i l a j u m l a h p e n d ud uk h a n y a s e - d i k i t , mak p e m ban g un an w i l a y a h a k a n t e r h a m b a t , •k a r e n a k e k u r a n g a n t e n a g a k e r j a . O l e h k a r e n a i t u , p e n y e b a r a n p e n ­ d ud uk d i p e l b a g a i p u l a u d i I n d o n e s i a h a r u s d i u s a h a k a n a g a r l e b i h m e r a t a . " M e r a t a " t i d a k b e r a r t i , ba h w a un t uk l u a s w i l a y a h y a n g sam a j u m l a h p e n d ud uk n y a h a r u s sam a, t e ­ t a p i p e n y e b a r a n p e n d ud uk d i s e t i a p p u l a u s e s u a i d e n g a n p o t e n s i k e k a y a a n al am p u l a u t e r s e b u t .

  1 D e n g a n a d a n y a p e r t a m ba h a n j u m l a h p e n d ud uk d a n p e - n y e b a r a n p e n d ud uk y a n g t i d a k s e i m b a n g , b a i k j u m l a h l a - p a n g a n k e r j a y a n g t e r s e d i a m aupun p o t e n s i k e k a y a a n al am I n d o n e s i a , p e r l u d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n t r a n s r a i g r a s i y a n g m e r u - p a k a n t a n g g u n g j a w a b n a s i o n a l , s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u j a l a n u n t u k s u k s e e n y a p e m ban g un an , k e t a h a n a n d a n p e r s a t u a n n a ­ s i o n a l .

  P e n g e r t i a n t r a n s m i g r a s i s e c a r a umum a d a l a h p e r p i n - d a h a n p e n d ud uk d a r i p u l a u y a n g p a d a t k e p u l a u y a n g p a r a n g p e n d u d u k n y a . B e r d a s a r k a n p a s a l 1 h u r u f a Un d a n g -u n d a n g No m o r 3 T ah un 1972 t e n t a n g K e t e n t u a n -k e t e n t u a n P o k o k T r a n s m i g r a s i , y a n g d i m ak s ud d e n g a n t r a n s m i g r a s i a d a l a h p e r p i n d a h a n d a n / a t a u k e p i n d a h a n p e n d ud uk d a r i s a t u d a e r a h u n t uk m e n e t a p k e d a e r a h l a i n y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d i d a l a m w i - l a y a h R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a g un a k e p e n t i n g a n P e m ban g un an N e ­ g a r a a t a u a t a s a l a s a n - a l a s a n y a n g d i p a n d a n g p e r l u o l e h P e m e r i n t a h b e r d a s a r k a n u n d a n g -u n d a n g t e r s e b u t d i a t a s .

  D i d a l a m m e n y e l e n g g a r a k a n t r a n s m i g r a s i P e m e r i n t a h m e m puny ai s a s a r a n k e b i j a k s a n a a n umum t r a n s m i g r a s i , S a s a r - a n k e b i J a k s a n a a n umum t r a n s m i g r a s i t e r s e b u t d i t u j u k a n k e ­ p a d a t e r l a k s a n a n y a t r a n s m i g r a s i s w a k a r s a ( s p o n t a n ) y aai g t e r a t u r d a l a m j u m l a h y a n g s e b e e a r - b e s a r n y a u n t u k m e n c a - p a i : a . p e n i n g k a t a n t a r a f h i d u p ; b . p e m ban g un an d a e r a h ; c . k e s e i m b a n g a n p e n y e b a r a n p e n d ud uk ;

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  d . p e m ban g un an y a n g m e r a t a d i s e l u r u h I n d o n e s i a ; e . p e m a n f a a t a n s u m b e r -s u m b e r a l a m d a n t e n a g a m a n u s i a ; f . k e s a t u a n d a n p e r s a t u a n b a n g s a ; g . m e m p e r k uat p e r t a h a n a n d a n k e am an an n a s i o n a l .

  Dan d i d a l a m p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n k e b i j a k e a n a a n umum t r a n s m i g r a s i d i g u n a k a n un t uk s e b e s a r - b e s a r n y a k e m ak m uran r a k y a t d e n g a n m e n g i n g a t s e g i - s e g i : a . k e m a n u s i a a n ; b . k e a d i l a n ; c . s w a d a y a , s w a k a r y a , d a n s w a se m ba d a m a s y a r a k a t .

  D a e r a h -d a e r a h a s a l t r a n s m i g r a s i d i u t a m a k a n d a e r a h - d a e r a h m i s k i n , t e t a p i t i d a k se m ua p e n d ud uk d a p a t i k u t b e r t r a n s m i g r a s i . P a r a t r a n s m i g r a n h a r u s m e m e nuhi b e b e r a p a p e r s y a r a t a n y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n d a l a m P e r a t u r a n Peme­ r i n t a h No m o r 42 T ah un 1973 t e n t a n g P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n T r a n s ­ m i g r a s i ♦

  A p a b i l a p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n t e l a h m e m e nuhi s y a r a t s e - b a g a i m a n a t e r c a n t u m d i d a l a m P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h t e r s e - b u t d i a t a s , m aka p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n b e r h a k m e m p e r o l e h s e - b i d a n g t a n a h s e l u a s 2 ( d u a ) h e k t a r . Dan m e n g e n a i h a k a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n t e r s e b u t d i t e t a p k a n m e n ur ut p e r a t u r a n a g r a r i a y a n g b e r l a k u .

  M e n ur ut k e t e n t u a n p a s a l 2 a y a t ( 1 ) P e r a t u r a n D i ­ r e k t o r a t J e n d e r a l A g r a r i a No mor 3 T ah un 1967 t e n t a n g P e n g g u a n a a n T anah D i D a e r a h T r a n s m i g r a s i Dan H ak A t a s T a ­ nah Un t uk P a r a T r a n s m i g r a n Dan K e l u a r g a n y a d i n y a t a k a n ,

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  ba h w a k e p a d a t i a p k e p a l a k e l u a r g a t r a n s m i g r a n d i b a g i k a n d e n g a n c um a-c um a t a n a h s e l u a s 2 ( d u a ) h e k t a r un t uk p e r u - m ahan d a n p e r t a n i a n d e n g a n h a k p a k a i .

  Hak a t a s t a n a h i t u b a n y a k m ac am ny a, s e p e r t i y a n g ' t e r c a n t u m d a l am p a s a l 16 a y a t ( 1 ) U n d a n g -u n d a n g No m o r 5 T ah un 1960 y a i t u U n d a n g -u n d a n g P o k o k A g r a r i a ( s e l a n j u t n y a d i s e b u t UUP A ) , a n t a r a l a i n : a . h ak m i l i k ; b . h ak g u n a -u s a h a ; c . hak g u n a -b a n g u n a n ; d . h ak p a k a i ; e . h ak s e w a ; f . h ak membuka t a n a h ; g . h a k -h a k m e m ungut h a s i l h u t a n ; h . h a k -h a k l a i n y a n g t i d a k t e rm asuf c d a l a m h a k -h a k t e r s e b u t d i at a. s y a n g a k a n d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n u n - d a n g -u n d a n g s e r t a h ak y a n g s i f a t n y a s e m e n t a r a s e ­ b a g a i y a n g d i s e b u t d a l a m p a s a l 53 UUP A . D a r i be rm ac am -m ac am hak t e r s e b u t , m a s i n g -m a s i n g m e m puny ai c i r i y a n g m e m be dak an a n t a r a h a k y a n g s a t u d e n g a n h a k y a n g l a i n n y a , M i s a l n y a , s a l a h s a t u c i r i d a r i h ak m i l i k a d a l a h d a p a t d i w a r i s k a n ( b e r a l i h ) , s e d a n g k a n d a l a m h ak p a k a i t i ­ d a k d a p a t d i w a r i s k a n .

  D e n g an t i d a k d a p a t d i w a r i s k a n n y a h ak p a k a i , m aka t i m b u l p e r s o a l a n , j i k a k e p a l a k e l u a r g a t r a n s m i g r a n t e r s e ­ b u t m e n i n g g a l d u n i a p a d a m asa h ak p a k a i , t a n a h d e n g a n

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  s t a t u s h ak p a k a i y a n g d i p e r o l e h t r a n s m i g r a n t i d a k d a p a t d i w a r i s k a n k e p a d a k e l u a r g a n y a . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , k e l u a r g a y a n g d i t i n g g a l k a n t i d a k a k a n m e m puny ai t a n a h y a n g s e be .- n a r n y a s a n g a t b e r a r t i un t uk k e l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p n y a . Dan p a d a a k h i r n y a , t u j u a n t r a n s m i g r a s i y a i t u un t uk m e n c a p a i p e n i n g k a t a n t a r a f h i d u p t i d a k d a p a t t e r w u j u d .

  A p a b i l a p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n t e l a h t i n g g a l s e l a m a 5 ( l i m a ) t a h u n b e r t u r u t - t u r u t d a n t e l a h m e n g us a h a k a n t a n a h t e r s e b u t d e n g a n m e m uask an, m ak a h ak p a k a i t e r s e b u t d i - t i n g k a t k a n m e n j a d i h ak m i l i k . S e b a g a i m a n a t e r c a n t u m d a l a m p a s a l 3 a y a t ( 1 ) P e r a t u r a n D i r e k t o r a t J e n d e r a l A g r a r i a t e r s e b u t d i a t a s , b a h w a :

  J i k a y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n m e n ur ut p e r t i m b a n g a n s u a t u p a - n i t i a y a n g t e r d i r i d a r i p e j a b a t - p e j a b a t t r a n s m i g r a s i , a g r a r i a , pam o ng p r a j a d a n p e r t a n i a n r a k y a t , y a n g d i - b e » t u k o l e h G u b e r n u r K e p a l a D a e r a h y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n , s e l a m a 5 ( l i m a ) t a h u n b e r t u r u t - t u r u t t e l a h d i u s a h a k a n d e n g a n m e m uask an, m ak a h ak p a k a i y a n g d i m ak s ud d a l am p a s a l 2 d i u b a h m e n j a d i h ak m i l i k .

  D e n g a n d i p e r o l e h n y a h ak m i l i k o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i ­ g r a n , a p a k a h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n b o l e h m e n g a l i h k a n p a d a p i - h ak l a i n , s e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p a s a l 20 a y a t ( 2 ) UUPA y a n g m e n y a t a k a n , bah w a h ak m i l i k d a p a t b e r a l i h d a n d a p a t d i a - l i h k a n k e p a d a p i h a k l a i n .

  D a r i u r a i a n - u r a i a n d i a t a s d a p a t d i r u m u s k a n b e b e - r a p a p e r m a s a l a h a n . B e r i k u t i n i s a y a r um usk an p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g s a y a b a h a s d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i : 1 . b a g a i m a n a k a h s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n *> ;

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  2 . ba g a i m n n a k a h j i k a d a l am m asa hak p a k a i k e p a l a k e ­ l u a r g a t r a n s m i g r a n m e n i n g g a l d u n i a ? ;

  3 . a p a k a h s e t e l a h d i u b a h n y a h ak p a k a i m e n j a d i h ak m i ­ l i k , p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n b o l e h m e n g a l i h k a n h ak m i l i k a t a s t a n a h k e p a d a p i h a k l a i n *> * 2 . P e n . j e l a s a n J u d u l

  Dal am s k r i p s i i n i s a y a m e m be ri j u d u l " S t a t u s Hak A t a s T an ah Y a n g D i p e r o l e h P a r a T r a n s m i g r a n , P e r m a s a l a h a n Dan P e n y e l e s a i a n n y a ' 1.

  Un t uk m e n j e l a s k a n j u d u l t e r s e b u t , m ak a d a r i j u d u l t e r s e b u t s a y a p i l a h - p i l a h m e n j a d i " S t a t u s Hak A t a s T a n a h " , " D i p e r o l e h " , " T r a n s m i g r a n " , " P e r m a s a l a h a n " , " P e n y e l e s a i ­ a n n y a " .

  Y a n g d i m a k s ud d e n g a n " S t a t u s Hak A t a s T a n a h " d a l am s k r i p s i i n i a d a l a h s t a t u s hak a t a s t a n a h s e p e r t i y a n g d i - s e b u t k a n d a l a m p a s a l 16 a y a t ( 1 ) UUPA , y a i t u : a . h ak m i l i k ; b . h ak g u n a -u s a h a ; c . hak g u n a -b a n g u n a n ; d . hak p a k a i ; e . h ak s e w a ; f . h ak membuka t a n a h ; g . h ak m e m ungut h a s i l h u t a n ; h . h a k -h a k l a i n y a n g t i d a k t e r m a s u k d a l a m h a k -h a k t e r s e b u t d i a t a s y a n g a k a n d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n u n - d a n g -u n d a n g s e r t a h ak y a n g s i f a t n y a s e m e n t a r a s e -

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  b a g a i y a n g d i s e b u t d a l a m p a s a l 53 UUF A .

  D a r i h a k -h a k a t a s t a n a h y a n g t e r c a n t u m d i d a l a m p a s a l 16 UUPA t e r s e b u t , h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i b e r i k a n d a ­ l am r a n g k a p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n t r a n s m i g r a s i m u l a -m u l a a d a l a h h ak p a k a i , k e m u d i a n d i t i n g k a t k a n m e n j a d i hak m i l i k ,

  Y a n g d i m a k s ud d e n g a n " D i p e r o l e h ” a d a l a h p e n e r i m a a n h ak a t a s t a n a h . i a r a t r a n s m i g r a n a k a n m e n e r i m a s e b i d a n g t a n a h d e n g a n s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h t e r t e n t u .

  B e r d a s a r k a n p a s a l 1 h u r u f b U n d a n g -u n d a n g No m o r 3 T ahun 1972 t e n t a n g K e t e n t u a n -k e t e n t u a n P o k o k T r a n s m i g r a s i , y a n g d i m a k s u d " T r a n s m i g r a n " d a l am s k r i p s i i n i t a l a h . s e t i * ■ a p w a r g a n e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a , y a n g s e c a r a s u k a r e l a d i p i n d a h k a n a t a u p i n d a h d a r i s a t u d a e r a h un t uk m e n e t ap k e d a e r a h l a i n y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d i w i l a y a h R e p u b l i k I n d o ­ n e s i a g u n a k e p e n t o n g a n p e m ban g un an n e g a r a a t a u a t a s a l a s - a n - a l a s a n y a n g d i p a n d a n g p e r l u o l e h P e m e r i n t a h .

  Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n " P e r m a s a l a h a n " d i s i n i a d a l a h p e r s o a l a n y a n g t i m b u l d e n g a n d i t e r i r a a n y a s e b i d a n g t a n a h t e r t e n t u . P a d a m u l a n y a p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n m e m p e r o l e h hak p a k a i , k e m ud i an h ak p a k a i t e r s e b u t d a l am j a n g k a w ak t u t e r t e n t u a k a n d i t i n g k a t k a n m e n j a d i hak m i l i k . Hak p a k a i m e m puny ai s i f a t - s i f a t y a n g m e m be dak an d e n g a n h a k -h a k y a n g l a i n . S a l a h s a t u d i f a t d a r i h ak p a k a i t e r s e ­ b u t a d a l a h t i d a k d a p a t d i w a r i s k a n . D e n g an d e m i k i a n , t i m ­ b u l p e r s o a l a n , j i k a t r a n s m i g r a n t e r s e b u t m e n i n g g a l d u n i a .

  Dan y a n g d i m a k s u d " l e n y e l e s a i a n " a d a l a h p e n y e l e - s a i a n a t a s p e r s o a l a n y a n g t i m b u l d e n g a n d i t e r i m a n y a h ak a t a s t a n a h o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n . 3 . A l a s a n P e m i l l h a n J u d u l

  D e n g an c e p a t n y a l a j u p e r t u m buh an p e n d ud uk y a n g t i ­ d a k d i i m b a n g i d e n g a n p e n y e b a r a n p e n d ud uk y a n g m e r a t a , ma­ k a P e m e r i n t a h m e n g a d a k a n t r a n s m i g r a s i . D i s a m p i n g un t uk m e n y e b a r k a n p e n d ud uk I n d o n e s i a s e c a r a m e r a t a j u g a d i m a k - s u d k a n u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n t a r a f h i d u p p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n .

  Dal am p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n t r a n s m i g r a s i P e m e r i n t a h mem­ b e r i s e b i d a n g t a n a h s e l u a s 2 ( d u a ) h e k t a r k e p a d a e e t i a p t r a n s m i g r a n . T an ah d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i 2 ( d u a ) , y a i t u t a n a h n e g a r a d a n t a n a h h ak .. T an ah y a n g d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n a d a l a h t a n a h n e g a r a , y a n g k e m ud i a n t a n a h t e r ­ s e b u t d i b e r i s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h t e r t e n t u , s e p e r t i y a n g t e r c a n t u m d i d a l a m p a s a l 16 a y a t ( 1 ) UUPA .

  D i d a l a n p e l a k s a n a a n t r a n s m i g r a s i t i m b u l b e b e r a p a m a s a l a h y a n g h a r u s d i c a r i k a n j a l a n k e l u a r , a g a r t u j u a n d a r i p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n t r a n s m i g r a s i d a p a t t e r c a p a i . 4 . T u.l uan P e n u l l s a n

  T u j u a n y a n g i n g i n d i c a p a i d a l a m p e n u l i s a n i l m i a h i n i , a d a l a h : a . d e n g a n p e n u l i s a n i n i s a y a d a p a t m e n g k a j i d a n m e - n g u r a i k a n p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g t i m b u l d e n g a n d i p e r o - l e h n y a s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n , s e r t a m e nambah p e n g e t a h u a n ; b . u n t u k m e nambah p e r b e n d a h a r a a n t u l i s a n i l m i a h d i

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  9

  k a i l a n g an m a s y a r a k a t p a d a umumnya d an m a h a s i s w a p a ­ d a k h u s u s n y a d a n un t uk m e m be r i k an sum ban g an p e m i - k i r a n y a n g m un g k i n a d a g u n a n y a ; c . s e b a g a i t u j u a n a k h i r d a r i p e n u l i s a n i n i a d a l a h un ­ t u k m e m e nuhi t u g a s a k h i r d al am s t u d i d i F a k u l t a s Hukum U n i v e r s i t a s A i r l a n g g a g un a m e n c a p a i g e l a r s a r j a n a hukum .

  5 . M e t o d o l o g i Dal am m e t o d o l o g i p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i s a y a m e n g - g u n a k a n b e b e r a p a t a h a p a n un t uk m e m p e r o l e h d a t a y a n g d i - p e r l u k a n , y a i t u : a . F e n d e k a t a n m a s a l a h .

  Un t uk m e n g ad ak an p e m ba h a sa n y a n g l e b i h m e ndalam d a l a m m a s a l a h i n i , s a y a m e n g g un ak an m e t o d e d e d u k s i . M e t o d e d e d u k s i i a l a h p r o s e s p e n a r i k a n k e s i m p u l a n d a r i p e r n y a t a a n y a n g b e r s i f a t umum k e p e r n y a t a a n y a n g b e r s i f a t k h u s u s . D e n g an m e n g g un ak an m e t o d e d e d u k s i i n i , m aka d a l a m p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i d i d a h u l u i d e n g a n m e n g u r a i k a n p e - n g e r t i a n - p e n g e r t i a n , k e m u d i a n d i l a n j u t k a n d e n g a n u r a i a n s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n d a n u r a i a n p e r m a s a l a h a n s e r t a p e n y e l e s a i a n n y a . b . Sum be r d a t a .

  Sum be r d a t a y a n g d i p e r l u k a n d al am p e n u l i s a n s k r i p ­ s i i n i , s a y a p e r o l e h d a r i s t u d i k e p u s t a k a a n . Un t uk p e - n g um p ul a n d a r i k e p u s t a k a a n d i p e r o l e h d a r i l i t e r a t u r e , t u - l i s a n - t u l i s a n i l m i a h , m a j a l a h , s u r a t k a b a r d a n p e r a t u r a n

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

1 0

  p e r u n d a n g -u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n m a s a l a h y a n g s a y a b a h a s . Dan d i t a m b a h d e n g a n p e n g e t a h u a n y a n g s a y a t e - r i m a d a r i p e r k u l i a h a n . c . P r o s e d u r p e n g u m p u l s m . d a n p e n g o l a h a n d a t a .

  D a r i h a s i l d a t a y a n g s a y a p e r o l e h d a r i s t u d i k e - p u s t a k a a n , m ak a d a t a y a n g t e r k u m p u l t e r s e b u t s a y a p i l a h - p i l a h , k e m ud i an s a y a j a d i k a n b e b e r a p a b a g i a n ( b a b ) , s e ­ h i n g g a d a p a t m e nduk ung p e m bah asan t e r h a d a p p e r m a s a l a h a n s e r t a u r a i a n - u r a i a n s a y a , d . A n a l i s i s d a t a .

  Dal am a n a l i s i s d a t a s a y a m e n g g un ak an m e t o d e d e s - k r i p t i f a n a l i t i s . D e s k r i p t i f , m u l a -m u l a d i u r a i k a n p e n g e r t i a n h a k m i l i k , hak p a k a i , k e m ud i an d i l a n j u t k a n d e n g a n p e n g u r a i a n d a n p e n j e - l a s a n m e n g e n a i s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n b e r d a s a r k a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -u n d a n g a n .

  A n a l i t i s , b e r a r t i p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g t i m b u l d e n g a n d i p e r - o l e h n y a s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h t e r s e b u t d i a n a l i s i s d e n g a n p e n g e r t i a n - p e n g e r t i a n y a n g t e l a h d i u r a i k a n t e r l e b i h d a h u - l u . K e m ud i an h a s i l d a r i a n a l i s i s d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n a- r i k k e s i m p u l a n d a n m e m be r i k a n s a r a n . 6 . P e r t a n g g u n g . i a w a b a n S i s t e m a t i k a

  S e b a g a i p e n g a n t a r k e p a d a p e m bac a s e b e l u m rae m asuki b a b -b a b p e m bah asan m a t e r i d a n m e r up ak an p e n j e l a s a n s e c a r a g a r i s b e s a r p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g a k a n d i b a h a s , m aka p e n d a h u - l u a n s a y a l e t a k k a n p a d a b a b I .

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  11 T i n j a u a n t e n t a n g h ak m i l i k d a n h ak p a k a i s a y a l e -

  t a k k a n p a d a b a b I I d a n b a b I I I , k a r e n a p e n g e r t i a n t e n t a n g h a k m i l i k d a n h ak p a k a i h a r u s d i k e t a h u i t e r l e b i h d a h u l u s e b e l u m m asuk d a l a m b a b s e l a n j u t n y a . S a y a m e l e t a k k a n h ak m i l i k p a d a bab. I I d a n h a k p a k a i p a d a b a b I I I i t u , k a r e n a s a y a r a e n d a s a r k a n ba h w a h ak m i l i k l e b i h k u a t d a s a r huk um - n y a d a r i p a d a h ak p a k a i .

  S t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h p a r a t r a n s ­ m i g r a n s a y a l e t a k k a n p a d a b a b I V , k a r e n a s e t e l a h m e n g e t a - h u i t e n t a n g h a k m i l i k , h ak p a k a i d a p a t d i b a h a s t e n t a n g s t a t u s h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i p e r o l e h p a r a t r a n s m i g r a n .

  P e r m a s a l a h a n d a n p e n y e l e s a i a n s a y a l e t a k k a n p a d a b a b V, k a r e n a p e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g t i m b u l d a p a t d i s e l e s a i k a n b e r d a s a r k a n u r a i a n - u r a i a n s e b e l u m n y a .

  P e n u t u p s a y a l e t a k k a n d a l a n b a b V I , k a r e n a m e r u p a - k a n k e s i m p u l a n d a n s a r a n d a r i p e n u l i s a n s k r i p s i i n i .

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  T I NJ A UA N T ENT ANG HAK M I L I K 1 . P e n g e r t i a n Hak M i l i k Hak m i l i k m e r u p a k a n i n d u k d a r i se m ua h ak a t a s t a ­ n a h , S e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u macam h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i a t u r d a l a m UUP A , h ak m i l i k d a p a t d i h u b u n g k a n d e n g a n M d a n g t a ­ n ah t e r t e n t u d a n s u b j e k hukum t e r t e n t u . Hak m i l i k d a p a t d i t i n j a u d a r i 3 ( t i g a ) s u d u t , y a i t u : a * d i t i n j a u d a r i s u d u t t a n a h n y a ; b . d i t i n j a u d a r i s u d u t s u b j e k n y a ; c . d i t i n j a u s e b a g a i s u a t u l e m b a g a .

  D i t i n j a u d a r i s u d u t t a n a h n y a , h ak m i l i k i t u m e r u­ p a k a n s t a t u u t a t a u k e d u d u k a n hukum, d e n g a n s i f $ t - s i f a t t e r t e n t u y a n g m e m be dak an t a n a h t e r s e b u t d e n g a n t a n a h - t a - n ah h ak y a n g l a i n . T an ah h ak y a n g l a i n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h s e p e r t i y a n g t e r c a n t u m d i d a l a m p a s a l 16 UUPA ( y a n g t e l a h d i s e b u t d a l a m b a b I ) , s e d a n g k a n s i f a t - s i f a t t e r t e n t u t e r - b u t a k a n d i b a h a s d a l a m p e n j e l a s a n s e l a n j u t n y a .

  D i t i n j a u d a r i s u d u t s u b j e k n y a , m ak a h ak m i l i k i t u m e r u p a k a n h u b u n g a n hukum a n t a r a s u b j e k d e n g a n s u a t u b i - d a n g t a n a h t e r t e n t u . D a r i a d a n y a h u bun g a n hukum i t u , m ak a a d a k e w e n a n g a n d a n k e w a j i b a n t e r t e n t u d a r i s u b j e k hukum .

  K e w e n an g an t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i 2 ( d u a ) s i s i , y a i ­ t u k e w e n a n g a n umum d a n k e w e n a n g a n k h u s u s .

  Y an g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n k e w e n a n g a n umum, ba h w a k e w e - n a n g a n -k e w e n a n g a n i t u t i d a k s a j a d i j u m p a i p a d a s a t u macam h a k , t e t a p i a k a n d a p a t d i j u m p a i p a d a se m ua h a k . Dal am p a - s a l 4 a y a t ( 2 ) UUPA d i n y a t a k a n :

  H a k -h a k a t a s t a n a h y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n a y a t 1 p a s a l i n i m e m be ri w e w e n an g un t uk m e m p e rg un ak an t a n a h y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n , d e m i k i a n p u l a t u bu h bum i d a n a i r s e r t a r u a n g y a n g a d a d i a t a s n y a s e k e d a r d i p e r l u k a n un t uk k e p e n t i n g a n y a n g l a n g s u n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p e n g g u - n a a n t a n a h i t u d a l a m b a t a s - b a t a s m e n ur u t u n d a n g -u n - d a n g i n i d a n p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n hukum l a i n y a n g l e - b i h t i n g g i .

  D a r i p a s a l 4 a y a t ( 2 ) UUPA t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i t a r i k k e s i m - p u l a n , b a h w a r u a n g l i n g k u p k e w e n a n g a n h ak a t a s t a n a h i t u a d a l a h un t uk m e n g g un ak an t a n a h t e r t e n t u . S e l a i n i t u , d a ­ p a t m e n g g un ak an t u b u h bu m i , a i r , d a n r u a n g a n g k a s a s e k e ­ d a r a t a u s e b a t a s un t uk k e p e n t i n g a n y a n g l a n g s u n g b e r h u ­ bu n g a n d e n g a n p e n g g u n a a n t a n a h t e r s e b u t d i d a l am b a t a s - b a t a s y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n m e n ur ut u n d a n g -u n d a n g . 1 M e n g g un ak an t u b u h bu m i , a i r , d a n r u a n g a n g k a s a t e r s e b u t , m i s a l n y a , A m e m bangun rum ah , t a n a h y a n g d i m i l i k i i t u a d a ­ l a h t a n a h d e n g a n h ak m i l i k , m ak a A d a p a t m e n g a m bi l a i r y a n g a d a d i d a l a m t ubu h bum i un t uk k e p e r l u a n s e h a r i - h a r i d e n g a n c a r a m e m buat s e b u a h sum ur .

  P e n g g u n a a n t a n a h d i b a t a s i u n d a n g -u n d a n g , a r t i n y a , ba h w a j i k a d i t a n a h m i l i k m e n g an d un g k e k a y a a n a l a m , m i s a l n y a m i n y a k , m ak a k e k a y a a n a l am t e r s e b u t t i d a k d a p a t k i t a m i - l i k i « H a l i n i t e l a h d i t e g a s k a n d a l a m p a s a l 8 UUP A , bah w a

  1 3

  ^Eman, K u l l a h Hukum A g r a r l a I I . F a k u l t a s Hukum U n i v e r s i t a s A i r l a n g g a , 1 A g u s t u s 1988*

  

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  a t a s d a s a r h ak m e n g u a s a i d a r i N e g a r a , d i a t u r p e n g a i n b i l a n k e k a y a a n al ara y a n g t e r k a n d u n g d a l a m bu m i , a i r , d a n r u a n g a n g k a s a . Un t uk p e n g a m b i l a n k e k a y a a n a l am t e r s e b u t d t p e r - l u k a n h ak l a i n , y a i t u k u a s a p e r t a m b a n g a n .

  Y a n g d i m a k s u d k e w e n a n g a n k h u s u s , a d a l a h k e w e n a n g a n d a r i h ak a t a s t a n a h y a n g m e m be dak an a n t a r a macam h a k a t a s t a n a h y a n g s a t u d e n g a n macam h ak a t a s t a n a h l a i n n y a .

  P e n g g u n a a n t a n a h h a k m i l i k a d a l a h b e b a s , a r t i n y a d a p a t d i p e r g u n a k a n b a i k un t uk u s a h a p e r t a n i a n m aupun un t uk m e n - d i r i k a n b a n g u n a n . B e r l a i n a n d e n g a n h ak g u n a -b a n g u n a n f y a ­ i t u u n t u k m e n d i r i k a n b a n g u n a n , t i d a k b o l e h u n t u k p e r t a n i ­ a n .

  A d a 3 ( t i g a ) k e w a j i b a n y a n g h a r u e d i p e n u h i o l e h p e m e g an g h ak a t a s t a n a h , k a r e n a m e r u p a k a n k e w a j i b a n y a n g m e l e k a t e r a t a n t a r a e u b j e k hukura d e n g a n t a n a h k e p u n y a a n - n y a , y a i t u :

  1 . ba h w a t a n a h y a n g d i h a k i i t u h a r u s l a h b e n a r - b e n a r d i m a n f a a t k a n d e n g a n m e m p e r h a t i k a n f u n g s i s o s i a l , s e b a g a l m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p a s a l 6 UUP A , ba h w a se m ua h ak a t a s t a n a h m e m puny ai f u n g s i s o s i a l ;

  2 . m e m e l i h a r a , m e n j a g a k e s u b u r a n n y a , m e n c e g ah k e r u - s a k a n s e r t a y a n g p e n t i n g , ba h w a d i d a l a m p e l a k s a - n a a n h a r u s m e m p e r h a t i k a n p i h a k e k o n o m i l e m a h , s e - b a g a i m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d al am p a s a l 15 UUP A , " M e m e l i ­ h a r a t a n a h , t e r m a s u k m e nam bah k e s u b u r a n n y a s e r t a m e n c e g ah k e r u s a k a n n y a a d a l a h k e w a j i b a n t i a p - t i a p

  

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  o r a n g , b a d a n hukum a t a u i n s t a n s i y a n g m e rapuny ai h u bun g a n hukum d e n g a n t a n a h i t u , d e n g a n m e m pe rha­ t i k a n p i h a k y a n g e k o n o m i l e m a h " . A p a b i l a p a s a l 15 t e r s e b u t t i d a k d i p e r h a t i k a n , m ak a a k a n d i k e n a k a n s a n k s i , s e b a g a i m a n a d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p a s a l 52 a y a t

  ( 1 ) UUP A , " B a r a n g s i a p a d e n g a n s e n g a j a m e l a n g g a r k e t e n t u a n d a l a m p a s a l 15 d i p i d a n a d e n g a n hukumam k u r u n g a n s e l a m a -l a m a n y a 3 b u l a n d a n / a t a u d e n d a s e - t i n g g i - t i n g g i n y a ftp. 1 0 . 0 0 0 , - ;

  3 . k h u s u s b a g l p e m e g an g h ak a t a s t a n a h p e r t a n l a n h a - r u s m e n g e r j a k a n d a n m e n g u sa h a k a n t a n a h n y a s e n d i r i s e c a r a a k t i f . H a l i n i s e s u a i d e n g a n p a s a l 10 UUPA y a n g m e n y a t a k a n , s e t i a p o r a n g d a n b a d a n hukum y a n g m e m puny ai s e s u a t u h ak a t a s t a n a h p e r t a n i a n p a d a a s a s n y a d i w a j i b k a n m e n g e r j a k a n d a n 'm e n g u s a h a k a n n y a s e n d i r i s e c a r a a k t i f , d e n g a n m e n c e g ah c a r a - c a r a p e m e r a s a n " . B e r d a s a r k a n p a s a l 20 a y a t ( 1 ) UUP A , " H ak m i l i k a d a l a h h ak t u r u n t e m u r un , t e r k u a t , d an t e r p e n u h y a n g d a - p a t d i p u n y a i o r a n g a t a s t a n a h , d e n g a n m e n g i n g a t k e t e n t u a n p a s a l 6 ” . M e n u r u t p e n j e l a s a n n y a , m ak a k a t a - k a t a " t e r k u a t d a n t e r p e n u h " i t u t i d a k b e r a r t i , ba h w a h ak m i l i k m e r u p a - k a n h ak y a n g " m u t l a k , t i d a k t e r b a t a s d an t i d a k d a p a t d i - g a n g g u - g u g a t " , k a r e n a h a k y a n g m u t l a k , t i d a k t e r b a t a s , t i d a k d a p a t d i g a n g g u -g u g a t b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n s i f a t h u ­ kum a d a t d a n f u n g s i s o s i a l d a r i t i a p - t i a p h a k . Dal am m a-

  

ADLN Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga

  s y a r a k a t h uk um ad at d i k e n a l h ak u l a y a t . A p a b i l a o r a n g a k a n membuka t a n a h , m aka d i a t e r l e b i h d u l u memohon i z i n k e p a d a k e p a l a a d a t . D i s i n i b e r a r t i , o r a n g t i d a k d a p a t s e e n a k n y a me m buka t a n a h un t uk m e m i l i k i n y a . B a g i p e r s e k u t u a n hukum, t a n a h a d a l a h sum be r p o k o k , s e m e n j a k l a h i r e am p ai m e n i n g - g a l d u n i a , m ak a a d a l a h l a y a k j i k a d a l am h a l - h a l y a n g b e r ­ h u b u n g a n d e n g a n t a n a h , p e r s e k u t u a n hukum i t u m e m puny ai c am p ur t a n g a n d e m i k e p e n t i n g a n p e r s e k u t u a n hukum d a n m a- s y a r a k a t n y a . P e r k a t a a n " d e n g a n m e n g i n g a t k e t e n t u a n d a l a m p a s a l 6 " a r - t i n y a , ba h w a h ak m i l i k d i b a t a s i o l e h f u n g s i s o s i a l . I n i b e r b e d a d e n g a n h ak a t a s t a n a h m e n ur ut s i s t e m K i t a b U n - d a n g -u n d a n g Hukum P e r d a t a . Dal am K i t a b U n d a n g -u n d a n g H u­ kum P e r d a t a , h ak m i l i k a d a l a h h ak un t uk m e n i k m a t i p e n g g u ­ n a a n t a n a h d e n g a n l e l u a s a . P e m i l i k n y a m e m puny ai k e d a u l a t - a n e e p e n u h n y a ( p a s a l 570 K i t a b U n d a n g -u n d a n g Hukum P e r d a ­ t a ) . Hak m i l i k a t a s t a n a h m e n ur u t s i s t e m K i t a b U n d a n g -u n - d a n g Hukum P e r d a t a b e r l a i n a n d e n g a n h ak m i l i k m e n ur ut