Identifikasi Gulma Resisten Herbisida Paraquat Pada Lahanjagung Di Kecamatan Tigabinanga Kabupaten Karo
43
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ashigh, J. dan T.M. Sterling. 2010. Herbicide Resistance : Development and
Management. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces New Mexico.
Diakses darihttp://www.nmsu.edu[29 Desember 2012].
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Karo. 2013. Statistik Daerah Kecamatan
Tigabinanga 2013. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Karo. Berastagi.
Diakses dari http://www.karokab.bps.go.id [21 Juni 2014].
Baerson, S.R; D.J. Rodriquez; M. Tran; Y. Feng; N.A. Biest, dan G.M. Dill. 2002.
Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass. Identification of a Mutation in the
Target Enzyme 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase.Plant
Physiology.
Vol.129:1265-1275.
Diaksesdari
http://www.plantphysiol.org [26 Agustus 2012].
Beckie, H.J.; I.M. Heap; R.J. Smeda, dan L.M. Hall. 2000. Screening for
Herbicide Resistance in Weeds. Weed Technology. Vol.14:428-445.
Buker, R.S., S.T. Steed, dan W.M. Stall. 2002. Confirmation and Control of a
Paraquat-Tolerant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotype. Abstract. Weed
Technology. Vol.16(2):309-313. Diakses dari www.bioone.org [21
Agustus 2014].
Chaudhry, O. 2008. Herbicide-Resistance and Weed-Resistance Management.
Biology/Environmental Science Albert Campbell Collegiate Institute
Toronto, Canada. Diakses dari http://www.weedscience.org [28 Agustus
2012].
Chuah, T.S; S. Salmijah; Y.T. Teng, dan B.S. Ismail. 2005. Response of
Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Biotypes of Goosegrass (Eleusine
indica (L.) Gaertn.) to Fertilizer Use. Plant Protection Quarterly.
Vol.20(1): 22-24. Diakses dari http://www.weedinfo.com [26 Agustus
2012].
Cobb, A.H. dan J.P.H. Reade. 2010. Herbicides and Plant Physiology. Second
Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Singapore.
Fadhly, A.F. dan F. Tabri. 2007. Pengendalian Gulma Pada Pertanaman Jagung.
Balai
Penelitian
Tanaman
Serealia,
Maros.
Diakses
darihttp://balitsereal.litbang.deptan.go.id [5 September 2012].
FAO. 2014. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Diakses dari http://www.fao.org pada
[21 Agustus 2014].
Fuerst, E.P; H.Y. Nakatani; A.L. Dodge; D. Penner, dan C.J. Arntzen . 1985.
Paraquat Resistance in Conyza. Plant Physiology.Vol.77: 984-989.
Diakses dari http://www.plantphysiol.org [26 Agustus 2012].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
44
Gaussoin, R.E; R.N. Klein; S.Z. Knezevic; G.R. Kruger; D.J. Lyon; Z.J. Reicher;
L.D. Sandell; S.L. Young; R.G. Wilson; P.J.Shea, dan C.L. Ogg. 2012.
Weed Management. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Diakses
darihttp://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu [24 Agustus 2012].
Hawton, D. dan D.S.H. Drennan. 1980. Studies on the Longevity and Germination
of Seed of Eleusine indica and Crotalaria goreensis. Weed Research.
Vol.20(4):217-223. Diakses dari http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com [6
Januari 2013].
Heap,
I.M.
1997.The
Occurrence
of
Herbicide-Resistant
Worldwide.Pesticide Science. Vol.51:235-243.
Weeds
International Survey Of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. 2014. Herbicide Resistant
Junglerice
Globally(Echinochloa
colona).
Diakses
dari
www.weedscience.org [21 Agustus 2014].
Jalaludin, A.; J. Ngim, B.H.J. Bakar, dan Z. Alias. 2010.Preliminary Findings of
Potentially Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to Glufosinate
Ammonium in Malaysia. Weed Biology and Management. Vol.10:256260. Diakses dari http://www.wssa.net [26 Agustus 2012].
Juraimi, A.S; M. Begum; M.P. Anwar; E.S. Shari; I. Sahid, dan A. Man. 2012.
Controlling Resistant Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Biotype Through
Herbicide Mixture. Food, Agriculture, and Environment. Vol.10:13441348. Diakses dari http://www.world-food.net [7 Desember 2012].
Kaloumenos, N.S. dan I.G. Eleftherohorinos. 2009. Identification of a
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Biotype Resistant to ACCaseInhibiting Herbicides in Northern Greece. Weed Science Society of
America. Vol.23:470-476. Diakses dari http://www.wssa.net [26 Agustus
2012].
Lee, L.J. dan J. Ngim. 2010. A First Report of Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass
(Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn) in Malaysia. Pest Management Science.
Vol.56:336-339.
Maqsood, M; M. Akbar; N. Yousaf; M.T. Mahmood, dan S. Ahmed. 1999.
Studies on Weed-Crop Competition in Maize. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology. Vol.1(4): 270-272. Diakses dari
http://www.fspublishers.org [24 Agustus 2012].
Mohammadi, G.R. 2007. Growth Parameters Enhancing The Competitive Ability
of Corn (Zea mays L.) Against Weeds.Weed Biology and Management.
Vol.7:232-236.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
45
Moss, S.R. 2002.Herbicide-Resistant Weeds.Edited by R.E.L. Naylor. Weed
Management Handbook. Ninth Edition.British Crop Protection Council,
Great Britain.
Mueller, T.C; K.A. Barnett; J.T. Brosnan, dan L.W. Steckel. 2011. Glyphosate
Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Confirmed In Tennessee. Weed
Science
Society
of
America.
Vol.59:562-566.Diakses
darihttp://www.wssa.net [26 Agustus 2012].
Nasution, D.P. 2009. Pengaruh Sistem Jarak Tanam dan Metode Pengendalian
Gulma Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung(Zea mays L.)
Varietas DK3. Skripsi. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan. Diakses dari
http://www.usurepository.com [26 Agustus 2012].
Nasution, U. 1986. Gulma dan Pengendaliannya di Perkebunan Karet Sumatera
Utara dan Aceh. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan,
Tanjung Morawa.
Owen, M.J; D. E. Goggin, dan S. B. Powles. 2012. Identification of Resistance to
either Paraquat or ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Two Western Australian
Hordeum leporinum Biotypes. Pest Management Science. Vol.68: 757–
763. Diakses dari www.soci.org [8Agustus 2012].
Powles, S.B. dan Q. Yu. 2010. Evolution in Action: Plants Resistant to
Herbicides. Annual Riview Plant Biology. Vol.61:317-347.
Prather,
T. S; J. M. Ditomaso, dan J. S. Holt. 2000. Herbicide
Resistance:Definition andManagement Strategies. University of
California. Diakses dari http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu [8Agustus 2012].
Purba, E. 2009. Keanekaragaman Herbisida Dalam Pengendalian Gulma
Mengatasi Populasi Gulma Resisten dan Toleran Herbisida. Pidato
Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru BesarTetap Fakultas Pertanian Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Rahman, M.M; I.B. Sahid, dan A.S. Juraimi. 2010. Study on Resistant Biotypes of
Echinochloa crus-galli in Malaysia. Australian Journal of Crop Science.
Vol.4:107-115. Diakses dari http://www.cropj.com [8 Oktober 2012].
Rahman, M.M; S. Ismail, dan M. Sofian-Azirun. 2011. Identification of Resistant
Biotypes of Leptochloa chinensis in Rice Field and Their Control with
Herbicides. African Journal of Biotechnology.Vol.10(15):2904-2914.
Diakses dari http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB [8Agustus 2012].
Santhakumar, N.T. 2003. Mechanism of Herbicide Resistance in Weed. Plant &
Soil Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Diakses dari
http://www.weedscience.org [28 Agustus 2012].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Seng, C.T., L.V. Lun, C.T. San, dan I.B. Sahid. 2010. Initial Report of
Glufosinate and Paraquat Multiple Resistance that Evolved in a Biotype
of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Malaysia. Weed Biology and
Management. Vol.10:229-233.
Simaremare, F.S.Y. 2010. Periode Kritis Kompetisi Gulma Pada Dua Varietas
Jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida. Skripsi. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Medan. Diakses dari http://www.usurepository.com [26 Agustus 2012].
Stoklosa, A. dan J. Kiec. 2006. Studies on Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.) Resistance
to Fenoxaprop-P.Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection.Diakses dari
http://www.jpdp-online.com [8 Agustus 2012].
Tanveer, A; M. Ayub,dan A. A. R. Ahmad. 1999. Weed-Crop Competition in
Maize Relation to Row Spacing and Duration. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Science. Vol.2(2):363-364. Diakses dari http://www.doaj.org
[28 Agustus 2012].
Valverde, B.E; C.R. Riches, dan J.C. Caseley. 2000. Prevention and Management
of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Rice: Experiences from Central
America
withEchinochloa
colona.Diakses
dari
http://www.weedscience.org [28 Agustus 2012].
Valverde, B.E. 2003. Herbicide-Resistance Management in Developing
Countries.Diakses dari http://www.fao.org [28 Agustus 2012].
Vencill, W.K., R.L. Nichols, T.M. Webster, J.K. Soteres, C. Mallory-Smith, N.R.
Burgos, W.G. Johnson, dan M.R. McClelland. 2012. Herbicide
Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and
the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops. Weed Science. Special Issue:230.
Waterhouse, D.F. 1994. Biological Control of Weeds: Southeast Asian Prospects.
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.CanberraAustralia.Diakses dari http://www.aciar.gov.au[6 Agustus 2012].
Watts, M. 2011. Paraquat. Pesticide Action Network Asia and Pacific. Malaysia.
Diakses dari http://www.paraquat.com [8 Agustus 2012].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ashigh, J. dan T.M. Sterling. 2010. Herbicide Resistance : Development and
Management. New Mexico State University, Las Cruces New Mexico.
Diakses darihttp://www.nmsu.edu[29 Desember 2012].
Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Karo. 2013. Statistik Daerah Kecamatan
Tigabinanga 2013. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Karo. Berastagi.
Diakses dari http://www.karokab.bps.go.id [21 Juni 2014].
Baerson, S.R; D.J. Rodriquez; M. Tran; Y. Feng; N.A. Biest, dan G.M. Dill. 2002.
Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass. Identification of a Mutation in the
Target Enzyme 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase.Plant
Physiology.
Vol.129:1265-1275.
Diaksesdari
http://www.plantphysiol.org [26 Agustus 2012].
Beckie, H.J.; I.M. Heap; R.J. Smeda, dan L.M. Hall. 2000. Screening for
Herbicide Resistance in Weeds. Weed Technology. Vol.14:428-445.
Buker, R.S., S.T. Steed, dan W.M. Stall. 2002. Confirmation and Control of a
Paraquat-Tolerant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotype. Abstract. Weed
Technology. Vol.16(2):309-313. Diakses dari www.bioone.org [21
Agustus 2014].
Chaudhry, O. 2008. Herbicide-Resistance and Weed-Resistance Management.
Biology/Environmental Science Albert Campbell Collegiate Institute
Toronto, Canada. Diakses dari http://www.weedscience.org [28 Agustus
2012].
Chuah, T.S; S. Salmijah; Y.T. Teng, dan B.S. Ismail. 2005. Response of
Glyphosate-Resistant and Susceptible Biotypes of Goosegrass (Eleusine
indica (L.) Gaertn.) to Fertilizer Use. Plant Protection Quarterly.
Vol.20(1): 22-24. Diakses dari http://www.weedinfo.com [26 Agustus
2012].
Cobb, A.H. dan J.P.H. Reade. 2010. Herbicides and Plant Physiology. Second
Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, Singapore.
Fadhly, A.F. dan F. Tabri. 2007. Pengendalian Gulma Pada Pertanaman Jagung.
Balai
Penelitian
Tanaman
Serealia,
Maros.
Diakses
darihttp://balitsereal.litbang.deptan.go.id [5 September 2012].
FAO. 2014. Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Diakses dari http://www.fao.org pada
[21 Agustus 2014].
Fuerst, E.P; H.Y. Nakatani; A.L. Dodge; D. Penner, dan C.J. Arntzen . 1985.
Paraquat Resistance in Conyza. Plant Physiology.Vol.77: 984-989.
Diakses dari http://www.plantphysiol.org [26 Agustus 2012].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
44
Gaussoin, R.E; R.N. Klein; S.Z. Knezevic; G.R. Kruger; D.J. Lyon; Z.J. Reicher;
L.D. Sandell; S.L. Young; R.G. Wilson; P.J.Shea, dan C.L. Ogg. 2012.
Weed Management. University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Diakses
darihttp://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu [24 Agustus 2012].
Hawton, D. dan D.S.H. Drennan. 1980. Studies on the Longevity and Germination
of Seed of Eleusine indica and Crotalaria goreensis. Weed Research.
Vol.20(4):217-223. Diakses dari http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com [6
Januari 2013].
Heap,
I.M.
1997.The
Occurrence
of
Herbicide-Resistant
Worldwide.Pesticide Science. Vol.51:235-243.
Weeds
International Survey Of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. 2014. Herbicide Resistant
Junglerice
Globally(Echinochloa
colona).
Diakses
dari
www.weedscience.org [21 Agustus 2014].
Jalaludin, A.; J. Ngim, B.H.J. Bakar, dan Z. Alias. 2010.Preliminary Findings of
Potentially Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to Glufosinate
Ammonium in Malaysia. Weed Biology and Management. Vol.10:256260. Diakses dari http://www.wssa.net [26 Agustus 2012].
Juraimi, A.S; M. Begum; M.P. Anwar; E.S. Shari; I. Sahid, dan A. Man. 2012.
Controlling Resistant Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau Biotype Through
Herbicide Mixture. Food, Agriculture, and Environment. Vol.10:13441348. Diakses dari http://www.world-food.net [7 Desember 2012].
Kaloumenos, N.S. dan I.G. Eleftherohorinos. 2009. Identification of a
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Biotype Resistant to ACCaseInhibiting Herbicides in Northern Greece. Weed Science Society of
America. Vol.23:470-476. Diakses dari http://www.wssa.net [26 Agustus
2012].
Lee, L.J. dan J. Ngim. 2010. A First Report of Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass
(Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn) in Malaysia. Pest Management Science.
Vol.56:336-339.
Maqsood, M; M. Akbar; N. Yousaf; M.T. Mahmood, dan S. Ahmed. 1999.
Studies on Weed-Crop Competition in Maize. International Journal of
Agriculture and Biology. Vol.1(4): 270-272. Diakses dari
http://www.fspublishers.org [24 Agustus 2012].
Mohammadi, G.R. 2007. Growth Parameters Enhancing The Competitive Ability
of Corn (Zea mays L.) Against Weeds.Weed Biology and Management.
Vol.7:232-236.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
45
Moss, S.R. 2002.Herbicide-Resistant Weeds.Edited by R.E.L. Naylor. Weed
Management Handbook. Ninth Edition.British Crop Protection Council,
Great Britain.
Mueller, T.C; K.A. Barnett; J.T. Brosnan, dan L.W. Steckel. 2011. Glyphosate
Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Confirmed In Tennessee. Weed
Science
Society
of
America.
Vol.59:562-566.Diakses
darihttp://www.wssa.net [26 Agustus 2012].
Nasution, D.P. 2009. Pengaruh Sistem Jarak Tanam dan Metode Pengendalian
Gulma Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung(Zea mays L.)
Varietas DK3. Skripsi. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan. Diakses dari
http://www.usurepository.com [26 Agustus 2012].
Nasution, U. 1986. Gulma dan Pengendaliannya di Perkebunan Karet Sumatera
Utara dan Aceh. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan,
Tanjung Morawa.
Owen, M.J; D. E. Goggin, dan S. B. Powles. 2012. Identification of Resistance to
either Paraquat or ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Two Western Australian
Hordeum leporinum Biotypes. Pest Management Science. Vol.68: 757–
763. Diakses dari www.soci.org [8Agustus 2012].
Powles, S.B. dan Q. Yu. 2010. Evolution in Action: Plants Resistant to
Herbicides. Annual Riview Plant Biology. Vol.61:317-347.
Prather,
T. S; J. M. Ditomaso, dan J. S. Holt. 2000. Herbicide
Resistance:Definition andManagement Strategies. University of
California. Diakses dari http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu [8Agustus 2012].
Purba, E. 2009. Keanekaragaman Herbisida Dalam Pengendalian Gulma
Mengatasi Populasi Gulma Resisten dan Toleran Herbisida. Pidato
Pengukuhan Jabatan Guru BesarTetap Fakultas Pertanian Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Medan.
Rahman, M.M; I.B. Sahid, dan A.S. Juraimi. 2010. Study on Resistant Biotypes of
Echinochloa crus-galli in Malaysia. Australian Journal of Crop Science.
Vol.4:107-115. Diakses dari http://www.cropj.com [8 Oktober 2012].
Rahman, M.M; S. Ismail, dan M. Sofian-Azirun. 2011. Identification of Resistant
Biotypes of Leptochloa chinensis in Rice Field and Their Control with
Herbicides. African Journal of Biotechnology.Vol.10(15):2904-2914.
Diakses dari http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB [8Agustus 2012].
Santhakumar, N.T. 2003. Mechanism of Herbicide Resistance in Weed. Plant &
Soil Sciences University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Diakses dari
http://www.weedscience.org [28 Agustus 2012].
Universitas Sumatera Utara
46
Seng, C.T., L.V. Lun, C.T. San, dan I.B. Sahid. 2010. Initial Report of
Glufosinate and Paraquat Multiple Resistance that Evolved in a Biotype
of Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Malaysia. Weed Biology and
Management. Vol.10:229-233.
Simaremare, F.S.Y. 2010. Periode Kritis Kompetisi Gulma Pada Dua Varietas
Jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida. Skripsi. Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Medan. Diakses dari http://www.usurepository.com [26 Agustus 2012].
Stoklosa, A. dan J. Kiec. 2006. Studies on Wild Oat (Avena fatua L.) Resistance
to Fenoxaprop-P.Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection.Diakses dari
http://www.jpdp-online.com [8 Agustus 2012].
Tanveer, A; M. Ayub,dan A. A. R. Ahmad. 1999. Weed-Crop Competition in
Maize Relation to Row Spacing and Duration. Pakistan Journal of
Biological Science. Vol.2(2):363-364. Diakses dari http://www.doaj.org
[28 Agustus 2012].
Valverde, B.E; C.R. Riches, dan J.C. Caseley. 2000. Prevention and Management
of Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Rice: Experiences from Central
America
withEchinochloa
colona.Diakses
dari
http://www.weedscience.org [28 Agustus 2012].
Valverde, B.E. 2003. Herbicide-Resistance Management in Developing
Countries.Diakses dari http://www.fao.org [28 Agustus 2012].
Vencill, W.K., R.L. Nichols, T.M. Webster, J.K. Soteres, C. Mallory-Smith, N.R.
Burgos, W.G. Johnson, dan M.R. McClelland. 2012. Herbicide
Resistance: Toward an Understanding of Resistance Development and
the Impact of Herbicide-Resistant Crops. Weed Science. Special Issue:230.
Waterhouse, D.F. 1994. Biological Control of Weeds: Southeast Asian Prospects.
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research.CanberraAustralia.Diakses dari http://www.aciar.gov.au[6 Agustus 2012].
Watts, M. 2011. Paraquat. Pesticide Action Network Asia and Pacific. Malaysia.
Diakses dari http://www.paraquat.com [8 Agustus 2012].
Universitas Sumatera Utara