Pengaruh Karakteristik Individu, Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Etos Kerja Karyawan Pada Pt. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, Unit Performance And Budgeting Kantor Wilayah I Medan
SKRIPSI
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN
DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP ETOS KERJA KARYAWAN
PADA
PT. BANK MANDIRI (PERSERO) TBK, UNIT PERFORMANCE
AND BUDGETING KANTOR WILAYAH I MEDAN
OLEH
KASTIANI PURBA
110502216
PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN
DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
i
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
i
DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................
v
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................
1
1.1. Latar Belakang ...........................................................................
1
1.2. Perumusan Masalah ...................................................................
7
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................
8
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .....................................................................
8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................
2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................
2.1.1. Karakteristik Individu ....................................................
2.1.1.1. Pengertian Karakteristik Individu .....................
2.1.1.2. Faktor-faktor Karakteristik Individu .................
2.1.1.3. Indikator Karakteristik Individu........................
2.1.2. Kepemimpinan ...............................................................
2.1.2.1. Pengertian Kepemimpinan ................................
2.1.2.2. Pengambilan Keputusan Kepemimpinan ..........
2.1.2.3. Tipe Kepemimpinan ..........................................
2.1.2.4. Gaya Kepemimpinan.........................................
2.1.3. Lingkungan Kerja...........................................................
2.1.3.1. Pengertian dan Jenis-jenis Lingkungan Kerja ..
2.1.3.2. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Lingkungan Kerja.............................................
2.1.4. Etos Kerja Karyawan ....................................................
2.1.4.1. Pengertian Etos Kerja.......................................
2.1.4.2. Peranan Etos Kerja ...........................................
2.1.4.3. Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Etos Kerja
2.1.4.4. Aspek-aspek Etos Kerja ...................................
2.2. Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................
2.3. Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................
2.4. Hipotesis.....................................................................................
10
10
10
10
11
13
16
16
17
19
22
25
23
27
33
33
35
37
39
42
43
45
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..............................................................
3.1. Jenis Penelitian ...........................................................................
3.2. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................
3.3. Batasan Operasional ...................................................................
3.4. Definisi Operasional ..................................................................
3.5. Skala Pengukuran Variabel ........................................................
3.6. Populasi dan Sampel ..................................................................
3.7. Jenis Data ...................................................................................
3.8. Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................................
46
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
50
i
3.9. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas .....................................................
3.10. Teknik Analisis .........................................................................
50
52
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.............................
4.1. Gambaran Umum PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit
Performance & Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I Medan .............
4.1.1. Sejarah Singkat PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit
Performance & Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I Medan ...
4.1.2. Visi, Misi, Komitmen dan Logo PT. Bank Mandiri
(Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting – Kantor
Wilayah I Medan ...............................................................
4.1.3. Struktur Organisasi PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk
Unit Performance & Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I
Medan...............................................................................
4.2. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................
4.2.1. Metode Analisis Deskriptif .............................................
4.2.2. Metode Analisis Statistik ................................................
4.3. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ....................................................
4.3.1. Uji Validitas ....................................................................
4.3.2. Uji Reliabilitas ................................................................
4.4. Uji Asumsi Klasik .....................................................................
4.4.1. Uji Normalitas .................................................................
4.4.2. Uji Heteroskedastisitas ....................................................
4.4.3. Uji Multikolinieritas ........................................................
4.5. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ..............................................
4.5.1. Uji t ..................................................................................
4.5.2. Uji F .................................................................................
4.6. Pembahasan ................................................................................
57
60
63
63
66
81
81
82
82
82
85
86
87
87
89
91
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................
5.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................
5.2. Saran...........................................................................................
95
95
96
57
57
59
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
ii
DAFTAR TABEL
No. Tabel
Judul
Halaman
2.1.
Penelitian Terdahulu ....................................................................
42
3.1.
Definisi Operasional ....................................................................
47
3.2.
Instrumen Skala Interval ..............................................................
49
3.3.
Distribusi Populasi Berdasarkan Distribusi ..................................
49
4.1.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia .................................
64
4.2.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ..................
64
4.3.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Status ...............................
65
4.4.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan.......................
65
4.5.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Masa Kerja ......................
66
4.6.
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Karakteristik Individu
Pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance &
Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I Medan .........................................
67
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap
Karakteristik Individu ...................................................................
68
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Gaya Kepemimpinan
PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting –
Kantor Wilayah I Medan ..............................................................
69
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap Gaya
Kepemimpinan..............................................................................
72
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Lingkungan Kerja Pada PT.
Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting –
Kantor Wilayah I Medan ..............................................................
73
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap
Lingkungan Kerja .........................................................................
76
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.
4.10.
4.11.
iii
4.12.
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Etos Kerja Karyawan PT.
Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting –
Kantor Wilayah I Medan ..............................................................
77
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap Etos
Kerja Karyawan ............................................................................
80
4.14.
Nilai Validitas Pernyataan ............................................................
81
4.15.
Nilai Reliabilitas Pernyataan ........................................................
82
4.16.
Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test .....................................................
85
4.17.
Uji Multikolinieritas .....................................................................
87
4.18.
Hasil Uji t......................................................................................
87
4.19.
Hasil Uji F ....................................................................................
90
4.20.
Hasil Uji Determinasi ...................................................................
90
4.13.
iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
No. Gambar
Judul
Halaman
2.1.
Kerangka Konseptual .....................................................................
45
4.1.
Struktur organisasi PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk ...................
61
4.2.
Hasil Uji Regression Standardized Residual..................................
83
4.3.
Hasil Uji Normal P-P Plot Of Regression Standardized Residual .
84
4.4.
Scatterplot Uji Heteroskedastisitas ................................................
86
v
PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU, GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN
DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP ETOS KERJA KARYAWAN
PADA
PT. BANK MANDIRI (PERSERO) TBK, UNIT PERFORMANCE
AND BUDGETING KANTOR WILAYAH I MEDAN
OLEH
KASTIANI PURBA
110502216
PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN
DEPARTEMEN MANAJEMEN
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
i
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................
i
DAFTAR TABEL ..........................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................
v
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................
1
1.1. Latar Belakang ...........................................................................
1
1.2. Perumusan Masalah ...................................................................
7
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................
8
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian .....................................................................
8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...................................................................
2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka ........................................................................
2.1.1. Karakteristik Individu ....................................................
2.1.1.1. Pengertian Karakteristik Individu .....................
2.1.1.2. Faktor-faktor Karakteristik Individu .................
2.1.1.3. Indikator Karakteristik Individu........................
2.1.2. Kepemimpinan ...............................................................
2.1.2.1. Pengertian Kepemimpinan ................................
2.1.2.2. Pengambilan Keputusan Kepemimpinan ..........
2.1.2.3. Tipe Kepemimpinan ..........................................
2.1.2.4. Gaya Kepemimpinan.........................................
2.1.3. Lingkungan Kerja...........................................................
2.1.3.1. Pengertian dan Jenis-jenis Lingkungan Kerja ..
2.1.3.2. Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi
Lingkungan Kerja.............................................
2.1.4. Etos Kerja Karyawan ....................................................
2.1.4.1. Pengertian Etos Kerja.......................................
2.1.4.2. Peranan Etos Kerja ...........................................
2.1.4.3. Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Etos Kerja
2.1.4.4. Aspek-aspek Etos Kerja ...................................
2.2. Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................
2.3. Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................
2.4. Hipotesis.....................................................................................
10
10
10
10
11
13
16
16
17
19
22
25
23
27
33
33
35
37
39
42
43
45
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..............................................................
3.1. Jenis Penelitian ...........................................................................
3.2. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................
3.3. Batasan Operasional ...................................................................
3.4. Definisi Operasional ..................................................................
3.5. Skala Pengukuran Variabel ........................................................
3.6. Populasi dan Sampel ..................................................................
3.7. Jenis Data ...................................................................................
3.8. Metode Pengumpulan Data ........................................................
46
46
46
47
47
48
48
49
50
i
3.9. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas .....................................................
3.10. Teknik Analisis .........................................................................
50
52
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.............................
4.1. Gambaran Umum PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit
Performance & Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I Medan .............
4.1.1. Sejarah Singkat PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit
Performance & Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I Medan ...
4.1.2. Visi, Misi, Komitmen dan Logo PT. Bank Mandiri
(Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting – Kantor
Wilayah I Medan ...............................................................
4.1.3. Struktur Organisasi PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk
Unit Performance & Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I
Medan...............................................................................
4.2. Hasil Penelitian .........................................................................
4.2.1. Metode Analisis Deskriptif .............................................
4.2.2. Metode Analisis Statistik ................................................
4.3. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ....................................................
4.3.1. Uji Validitas ....................................................................
4.3.2. Uji Reliabilitas ................................................................
4.4. Uji Asumsi Klasik .....................................................................
4.4.1. Uji Normalitas .................................................................
4.4.2. Uji Heteroskedastisitas ....................................................
4.4.3. Uji Multikolinieritas ........................................................
4.5. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda ..............................................
4.5.1. Uji t ..................................................................................
4.5.2. Uji F .................................................................................
4.6. Pembahasan ................................................................................
57
60
63
63
66
81
81
82
82
82
85
86
87
87
89
91
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................
5.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................
5.2. Saran...........................................................................................
95
95
96
57
57
59
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
ii
DAFTAR TABEL
No. Tabel
Judul
Halaman
2.1.
Penelitian Terdahulu ....................................................................
42
3.1.
Definisi Operasional ....................................................................
47
3.2.
Instrumen Skala Interval ..............................................................
49
3.3.
Distribusi Populasi Berdasarkan Distribusi ..................................
49
4.1.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia .................................
64
4.2.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ..................
64
4.3.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Status ...............................
65
4.4.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Pendidikan.......................
65
4.5.
Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Masa Kerja ......................
66
4.6.
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Karakteristik Individu
Pada PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance &
Budgeting – Kantor Wilayah I Medan .........................................
67
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap
Karakteristik Individu ...................................................................
68
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Gaya Kepemimpinan
PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting –
Kantor Wilayah I Medan ..............................................................
69
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap Gaya
Kepemimpinan..............................................................................
72
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Lingkungan Kerja Pada PT.
Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting –
Kantor Wilayah I Medan ..............................................................
73
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap
Lingkungan Kerja .........................................................................
76
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.
4.10.
4.11.
iii
4.12.
Tabulasi Jawaban Responden Tentang Etos Kerja Karyawan PT.
Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk Unit Performance & Budgeting –
Kantor Wilayah I Medan ..............................................................
77
Interpretasi Nilai Rata-Rata Jawaban Respon Terhadap Etos
Kerja Karyawan ............................................................................
80
4.14.
Nilai Validitas Pernyataan ............................................................
81
4.15.
Nilai Reliabilitas Pernyataan ........................................................
82
4.16.
Uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test .....................................................
85
4.17.
Uji Multikolinieritas .....................................................................
87
4.18.
Hasil Uji t......................................................................................
87
4.19.
Hasil Uji F ....................................................................................
90
4.20.
Hasil Uji Determinasi ...................................................................
90
4.13.
iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
No. Gambar
Judul
Halaman
2.1.
Kerangka Konseptual .....................................................................
45
4.1.
Struktur organisasi PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero), Tbk ...................
61
4.2.
Hasil Uji Regression Standardized Residual..................................
83
4.3.
Hasil Uji Normal P-P Plot Of Regression Standardized Residual .
84
4.4.
Scatterplot Uji Heteroskedastisitas ................................................
86
v