Uji Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume) Dengan Metode Defekasi Pada Tikus
Lampiran 1. Hasil identifikasi sampel
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Lampiran 2. Gambar tumbuhan sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume)
pohon sikkam
batang sikkam
daun sikkam
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Lampiran 3. Gambar simplisia dan serbuk kulit batang sikkam (Bischofia
javanica Blume)
Simplisia batang sikkam
Serbuk simplisia batang sikkam
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Lampiran 4. Bagan kerja penelitian
1. Pembuatan ekstrak kulit batang sikkam
serbuk simplisia 1,2 kg
dimaserasi dengan etanol 80%
hingga
serbuk
terendam
dibiarkan
selama
5
hari terlindung dari cahaya
maserat
ampas
dicuci dengan etanol 80% dan
dibiarkan selama 2 hari
disaring
maserat
ampas
diuapkan dengan
rotary evaporator
ekstrak etanol kental
dikeringkan dengan
freeze dryer
ekstrak kering 112 g
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Lampiran 4. (Lanjutan)
2. Pengujian karakterisasi, skrining dan antidiare
Ekstrak kering 112 g
Karakterisasi simplisia
dan ekstrak, meliputi
Skrining fitokimia
simplisia dan ekstrak
Uji antidiare, meliputi
parameter:
penetapan:
- Kadar air
- Kadar sari larut air
- Kadar sari larut
etanol
- Kadar abu total
- Kadar abu tidak
larut asam
meliputi:
- alkaloida
- flavanoida
- glikosida
- tanin
- steroid/terpenoid
- saponin
- Saat mulai terjadi
diare
- Konsistensis feses
- Frekuensi diare
- Lama terjadi diare
Hasil
Hasil
Hasil
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Lampiran 5. Perhitungan hasil karakterisasi serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol
kulit batang sikkam
1. Penetapan kadar air
berat (g)
No.
1.
2.
3.
simplisia
5,0025
5,0022
5,0025
% Kadar air =
volume awal (ml)
ekstrak
5,0048
5,0044
5,0050
Simplisia
2,0
2,2
2,5
ekstrak
2,0
2,4
2,8
volume akhir (ml)
simplisia
2,2
2,5
2,9
ekstrak
2,4
2,8
3,1
volume air (ml)
x 100 %
berat (g)
Kadar air simplisia:
1. % Kadar air
=
2. % Kadar air
=
3. % Kadar air
% Kadar air rata-rata
=
0,2 ml
x 100 % = 3,99%
5,0025 g
0,3 ml
x 100 % = 5,99%
5,0022 g
0,4 ml
x 100 % = 7,99%
5,0025 g
3,99% + 5,99% + 7,99%
3
= 5,99%
Kadar air ekstrak:
1. % Kadar air ekstrak
2. % Kadar air ekstrak
=
0,4 ml
x 100 % = 7,99%
5,0048 g
=
0,4 ml
x 100 % = 7,99%
5,0044 g
3. % Kadar air ekstrak =
0,3 ml
x 100 % = 5,99%
5,0050 g
% Kadar air rata-rata 7,7,99% + 7,99% + 5,99%
`
3
= 7.32%
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
2. Penetapan kadar sari larut air
No.
1.
2.
3.
berat (g)
simplisia
ekstrak
5,0047
5,0047
5,0042
5,0042
5,0039
5,0022
berat cawan kosong (g)
simplisia
ekstrak
49,5950
51,9458
48,0379
49,9262
49,6782
46,2146
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
berat cawan sari (g)
simplisia Ekstrak
49,7813 52,2816
48,2047 50,2347
49,8504 46,5461
berat sari (g) 100
x
x 100 %
20
berat (g)
Kadar sari larut air simplisia:
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,1863 g 100
x
x 100 % = 18,61%
5,0047 g
20
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,1668 g 100
x
x 100 % = 16,66%
20
5,0042 g
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,1722 g 100
x
x 100 % = 17,21%
5,0022 g 20
18,61% + 16,66% + 17,49 %
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
= 17,49%
3
Kadar sari larut air ekstrak:
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,3358 g 100
x
x 100 % = 33,548%
20
5,0047 g
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,3211 g 100
x
x 100 % = 32,07%
5,0042 g
20
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,3315 g 100
x
x 100 % = 33,12%
20
5,0039 g
33,54% + 32,07% + 33,12%
3
= 32,97 %
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
3. Penetapan kadar sari larut etanol
Berat cawan kosong(g)
Berat cawan sari (g)
Simplisia
ekstrak
simplisia
ekstrak
1.
49.5842
49,5937
49,7003
49,8267
2.
48,0292
48,0401
49,1459
48,2802
3.
49,6795
46,3641
49,8025
46,5895
berat sari (g) 100
x
x 100 %
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
20
berat (g)
No.
Berat (g)
simplisia ekstrak
5,0052 5,0055
5,0053 5,0049
5.0069
5,039
Kadar sari larut etanol simplisia:
0,1161 g 100
x
x 100 % = 11,59%
5,0052 g 20
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,1167 g 100
x
x 100 % = 11,65%
5,0053 g 20
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,1230 g 100
x
x 100 % = 12,28%
20
5,0069 g
% Kadar sari yang larut
= 11,59% + 11,65% + 12,28%
3
dalam etanol rata-rata
= 11,84%
Kadar sari larut etanol ekstrak:
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,2330 g 100
x
x 100 % = 23,27 %
5,0055 g 20
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,2401 g 100
x
x 100 % = 23,98 %
5,0049 g 20
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,2254 g 100
x
x 100 % = 22,52 %
5,0041 g 20
% Kadar
sari yang+larut
= 23,27%
+ 23,98%
22,52 %
= 23,26 %
3
dalam etanol rata-rata
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
4. Penetapan kadar abu total
No.
1.
2.
3.
berat (g)
simplisia
2,0235
2,0128
2,0132
% Kadar abu total =
berat abu (g)
simplisia
ekstrak
0,0961
0,0095
0,0776
0,0118
0,0731
0,0083
Ekstrak
2,0812
2,0352
2,0458
berat abu (g)
x 100%
berat (g)
Kadar abu total simplisia:
1. % Kadar abu total =
0,0961 g
x 100 % = 4,74%
2,0235 g
2. % Kadar abu total =
0,0776 g
x 100 % = 3.85%
2,0128 g
3. % Kadar abu total =
0,0731 g
x 100 % = 3,63%
2,0132 g
= 4,74%
3.85%
+ 3,63 %
%
Kadar +abu
total rata-rata
3
= 4,07%
Kadar abu total ekstrak:
1. % Kadar abu total =
2. % Kadar abu total =
0,0118 g
x 100% = 0,57%
2,0352 g
3. % Kadar abu total =
% Kadar abu total rata-rata
3
0,0095 g
x 100 % = 0,45%
2,0812 g
0,0083 g
x 100% = 0,40%
2,0458 g
= 0,45% + 0,57% + 0,40%
= 0,48%
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
5. Penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam
No.
1.
2.
3.
berat (g)
simplisia
Ekstrak
2,0235
2,0812
2,0128
2,0352
2,0132
2,0476
% Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
berat abu (g)
Simplisia
ekstrak
0,1306
0,0001
0,1226
0,0002
0,1140
0,0003
berat abu (g)
x 100 %
berat (g)
Kadar abu tidak larut asam simplisia:
1. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0645 g
x 100 % = 6,45%
2,0235 g
2. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,1226 g
x 100 % = 6,09%
2,0128 g
3. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,1140 g
x 100 % = 5,66%
2,0132 g
% Kadar abu tidak larut asam rata-rata = 6,45% + 6,09% + 5,66%
3
= 6,06%
Kadar abu tidak larut asam ekstrak:
1. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0001 g
x 100 % = 0,01%
2,0812 g
2. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0003 g
x 100% = 0,01%
2,0352 g
3. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0002 g
x 100% = 0,01%
2,0476 g
% Kadar abu tidak larut asam rata-rata = 0,01% + 0,01% + 0,01%
3
= 0,01%
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Lampiran 6. Gambar konsistensi feses tikus
Feses tikus normal
Feses tikus lembek
Feses tikus berlendir
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Lampiran 7. Volume maksimum larutan sediaan uji yang dapat diberikan pada hewan
uji (Mulyono, 1984)
Jenis hewan uji
Volume maksimum (ml) sesuai jalur pemberian
i.v.
i.m.
i.p.
s.c.
p.o.
Mencit (20-30 g)
0,5
0,05
1,0
0,5-1,0
1,0
Tikus (200 g)
1,0
0,1
2-5
2-5
5,0
Hamster (50 g)
-
0,1
1-2
2,5
2,5
Marmot (300 g)
-
0,25
2-5
5,0
10,0
Kelinci (2,5 kg)
5-10
0,5
10-20
5-10
20,0
Kucing (3 kg)
5-10
1,0
10-20
5-10
50,0
Anjing (5 kg)
10-20
5,0
20-50
10,0
100,0
Lampiran 8. Konversi dosis antara jenis hewan dengan manusia (Laurance dan
Bacharach, 1964)
Mencit
20 g
Tikus
200 g
Marmot
400 g
Kelinci
1,5 kg
Kera
4 kg
Anjing
12 kg
Manusia
70 kg
Mencit
20 g
Tikus
200 g
Marmot
400 g
Kelinci
1,5 kg
Kera
4 kg
Anjing
12 kg
Manusia
70 kg
1,0
7,0
12,25
27,8
64,1
124,3
387,9
0,14
1,0
1,74
3,0
9,2
17,8
56,0
0,008
0,57
1,0
2,25
5,2
10,2
31,5
0,04
0,25
0,44
1,0
2,4
4,5
14,2
0,016
0,11
0,19
0,42
1,0
1,9
6,1
0,008
0,06
0,10
0,22
0,52
1,0
3,1
0,0026
0,018
0,031
0,07
0,16
0,32
1,0
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Lampiran 9. Gambar tikus saat pengamatan
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Lampiran 10. Gambar alat yang digunakan
Spuit dan oral sonde
Neraca hewan
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Lampiran 11. Perhitungan konversi dosis
1. Perhitungan konversi dosis loperamid HCl (tablet Imodium®) dari manusia
ke tikus :
Dosis manusia (berat 70 kg) = 2-8 mg dan tidak melebihi 16 mg/hari
Dosis tikus (berat 200 g)
= 0,018 x (16 mg) = 0,2 mg
Maka dosis loperamid HCl untuk tikus = 1 mg/kg bb
2. Perhitungan konversi dosis EEKBS dari tikus ke manusia :
Dosis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah :
-
75 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 15 mg/200 g bb
-
100 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 20 mg/200 g bb
-
125 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 25 mg/200 g bb
-
150 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 30 mg/200 g bb
Dosis optimal EEKBS pada tikus adalah 25 mg/200 g bb.
Faktor konversi dosis tikus = 56,0
Dosis manusia = dosis pada tikus x faktor konversi
= 25 mg x 56,0
= 1400 mg/ 70 kg bb
= 1,4 g/ 70 kg bb
3.
Rendemen
=
=
berat ekstrak
× 100%
berat simplisia
112 g
× 100% = 9,33%
1200 g
Maka pemakaian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam (EKKBS) 125 mg/kg bb pada
tikus setara dengan 1500 mg simplisia kulit batang sikkam.
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Lampiran 12. Perhitungan Kadar Loperamid HCl dari Tablet Imodium®
Dosis manusia (70 kg) = 2-8 mg dan tidak melebihi 16 mg/hari
Dosis tikus (200 g) setelah dikonversikan = 1 mg/kg bb
Tablet Imodium ditimbang sebanyak 20 tablet (berat = 2400 mg)
20 tablet Imodium mengandung Loperamid HCl sebanyak 40 mg
Loperamid HCl yang digunakan = 15 mg
Serbuk Imodium yang diambil = 15 mg x 2400 mg = 900 mg
40 mg
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Lampiran 13. Perhitungan dosis pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
(EEKBS) dan loperamid HCl (tablet imodium®)
a. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 75 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 2,25 % = 2,25 g/100 ml = 22,5 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
dosis pemberian =
200 g
× 75 mg = 15 mg
1000 g
15 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
22,5 mg
b. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 100 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 3 % = 3 g/100 ml = 30 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
dosis pemberian =
200 g
× 100 mg = 20 mg
1000 g
20 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
30 mg
c. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 125 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 3,75 % = 3,75 g/100 ml = 37,5 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
200 g
× 125 mg = 25mg
1000 g
dosis pemberian
=
25 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
37,5 mg
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d. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 150 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 4,5 % = 4,5 g/100 ml = 45 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
200 g
× 150 mg = 30mg
1000 g
dosis pemberian
=
30 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
45 mg
e. Loperamid HCl yang diberikan untuk dosis 1 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi Loperamid HCl = 0,03 % = 0,03 g/100 ml = 0,3 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
200 g
× 1 mg = 0,2mg
1000 g
dosis pemberian =
0,2 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
0,3 mg
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Lampiran 14. Hasil orientasi dosis bahan uji terhadap saat mulai terjadinya diare
setelah pemberian oleum ricini.
Saat mulai terjadinya diare
(menit)
56,8
100,7
58,3
61,7
68,2
76,8
98,5
110,3
Perlakuan
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 25mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 50mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
Grafik hasil orientasi dosis
Saat mulai defekasi (menit ke-)
140,0
118,7
120,0
100,7
100,0
98,5
80,0
76,8
68,2
60,0
56,8
58,3
61,7
40,0
20,0
0,0
CMC 1% Lop. HCl EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS
bb
1 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 50 mg/kg 75 mg/kg 100
125
150
bb
bb
bb
bb
mg/kg bb mg/kg bb mg/kg bb
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Lampiran 15. Hasil pengamatan saat mulai terjadinya diare setelah pemberian
oleum ricini
Jumlah
Ratarata
(menit)
Hewan
Perlakuan
1
2
3
4
5
6
OR + CMC
1% bb
OR + loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb
56
54
60
58
56
57
341
56,8
114
114
87
89
90
110
604
100,7
OR + EEKBS
75 mg/kg bb
60
59
60
88
57
85
409
68,2
OR + EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
86
83
60
87
59
86
461
76,8
OR + EEKBS
125 mg/kg bb
89
90
119
114
89
90
591
98,5
OR + EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
113
89
118
116
107
119
662
110,3
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
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Lampiran 16. Hasil pengamatan konsistensi feses setelah pemberian oleum ricini
Berlendir
Diameter serapan
air (cm)
2,93
2,18
2,88
2,60
2,25
2,08
Perlakuan
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS150 mg/kg bb
Berat feses
(g)
3,15
2,30
3,07
2,73
2,37
2,07
Lembek
Diameter serapan
air (cm)
1,14
1,05
1,19
1,11
1,05
1,03
Perlakuan
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS150 mg/kg bb
Berat feses
(g)
1,52
0,87
1,13
1,06
0,95
0,89
Normal
Perlakuan
Diameter serapan
air (cm)
0,23
0,11
0,20
1,33
1,11
0,10
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR +lEEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
Berat feses
(g)
0,21
0,14
0,20
0,17
0,15
0,14
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
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Lampiran 17. Hasil pengamatan frekuensi diare setelah pemberian oleum ricini
OR + CMC 1% bb
1
7
2
7
Hewan
3
4
7
7
OR + loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb
3
3
4
4
3
OR + EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
5
7
5
5
OR +. EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
5
4
4
OR + EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
3
3
OR + EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
2
3
Perlakuan
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
Jumlah
Rata-rata
42
7,0
2
19
3,17
6
5
33
5,5
4
4
4
25
4,1
3
3
4
3
19
3,17
3
2
2
3
15
2,5
5
7
6
7
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
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Lampiran 18. Hasil pengamatan lama terjadinya diare setelah pemberian oleum
ricini
1
T2T1
2
T2T1
Hewan
3
4
T2T2T1
T1
5
T2T1
6
T2T1
303
299
266
284
302
120
124
149
161
OR + EEKBS
5 mg/kg bb
261
293
269
OR + EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
185
168
OR + EEKBS
125 mg/kg bb
149
OR + EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
95
Perlakuan
OR + CMC
1% bb
OR +loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
Jumlah
Ratarata
295
1746
291
153
126
828
138
242
274
241
1578
263
208
172
189
188
1110
185
163
116
121
152
147
1224
141
110
103
88
103
84
538
97
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
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Lampiran 19. Hasil deskriptif data
Saat mulai terjadi diare
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Perlakuan
N
Mean
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
54.6912
58.9755
54.00
60.00
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
2.04124
.83333
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg
bb
6 1.0067E2 13.26147
5.41397
86.7496 114.5837
87.00 114.00
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
68.1667 14.27469
5.82762
53.1863
83.1470
57.00
88.00
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6
76.8333 13.49691
5.51009
62.6692
90.9975
59.00
87.00
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kgbb
6
98.5000 14.03923
5.73149
83.7667 113.2333
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.1867E2
Total
36
56.8333
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
1.50555
86.6111 23.88099
89.00 119.00
.61464 117.0867 120.2466 116.00 120.00
3.98016
78.5309
94.6913
54.00 120.00
72
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Konsistensi feses (diameter serapan air)
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Konsistensi
feses
berlendir
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6 2.9733
.24977 .10197 2.7112
3.2355
2.57
3.26
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6 2.1833
.18619 .07601 1.9879
2.3787
2.00
2.45
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 2.9550
.18960 .07741 2.7560
3.1540
2.70
3.15
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 2.6083
.14634 .05974 2.4548
2.7619
2.45
2.85
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 2.2500
.17889 .07303 2.0623
2.4377
2.00
2.45
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 2.0833
.07528 .03073 2.0043
2.1623
2.00
2.20
Total
Konsistensi
feses
lembek
Std.
Mean Deviation
36 2.5089
.40117 .06686 2.3732
2.6446
2.00
3.26
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6 1.4283
.12875 .05256 1.2932
1.5634
1.30
1.60
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6 1.0333
.04082 .01667
.9905
1.0762
1.00
1.10
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 1.1800
.04517 .01844 1.1326
1.2274
1.13
1.26
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 1.1133
.03830 .01563 1.0731
1.1535
1.05
1.15
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 1.0833
.02582 .01054 1.0562
1.1104
1.05
1.10
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.0333
.04082 .01667
.9905
1.0762
1.00
1.10
.15004 .02501 1.0945
Total
1.1960
1.00
1.60
6
.2333
.05164 .02108
.1791
.2875
.20
.30
6
.1167
.04082 .01667
.0738
.1595
.10
.20
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
.2000
.08944 .03651
.1061
.2939
.10
.30
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6
.1333
.05164 .02108
.0791
.1875
.10
.20
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6
.1167
.04082 .01667
.0738
.1595
.10
.20
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6
.1000
.00000 .00000
.1000
.1000
.10
.10
36
.1500
.06969 .01162
.1264
.1736
.10
.30
Konsistensi Susp.CMC 1% bb
feses normal Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
Total
36 1.1453
73
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Konsistensi feses (berat)
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Std.
Mean Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
Konsistensi
Susp.CMC 1%
feses berlendir bb
6 3.1733
.26830 .10953
2.8918 3.4549
2.76
3.50
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6 2.3050
.17604 .07187
2.1203 2.4897
2.09
2.57
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 3.0717
.23575 .09624
2.8243 3.3191
2.77
3.37
Susp.EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
6 2.7217
.14825 .06052
2.5661 2.8772
2.56
2.99
Susp.EEKBS
125 mg/kgbb
6 2.3750
.18887 .07710
2.1768 2.5732
2.10
2.59
Susp.EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
6 2.0733
.12580 .05136
1.9413 2.2054
1.89
2.24
Total
Konsistensi
feses lembek
36 2.6200
.44823 .07470
2.4683 2.7717
1.89
3.50
Susp.CMC 1%
bb
6 1.5200
.12554 .05125
1.3883 1.6517
1.39
1.67
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.8733
.07659 .03127
.9537
.77
.95
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 1.1350
.03271 .01335
1.1007 1.1693
1.09
1.18
Susp.EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
6 1.0683
.12592 .05141
.9362 1.2005
.90
1.20
Susp.EEKBS
125 mg/kgbb
6
.9517
.08424 .03439
.8633 1.0401
.85
1.10
Susp.EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
6
.8917
.10381 .04238
.7827 1.0006
.76
1.08
36 1.0733
.24077 .04013
.9919 1.1548
.76
1.67
Total
Konsistensi
feses normal
.7930
Susp.CMC 1%
bb
6
.2150
.01871 .00764
.1954
.2346
.19
.24
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.1417
.03430 .01400
.1057
.1777
.11
.19
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
.2050
.03332 .01360
.1700
.2400
.16
.24
Susp.EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
6
.1717
.02229 .00910
.1483
.1951
.15
.20
Susp.EEKBS
125 mg/kgbb
6
.1533
.04320 .01764
.1080
.1987
.11
.22
Susp.EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
6
.1433
.01506 .00615
.1275
.1591
.13
.17
36
.1717
.04011 .00668
.1581
.1852
.11
.24
Total
74
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Waktu defekasi
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Feses
berlendir
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
65.9966
57.00
67.50
6
61.7500
4.04660
1.65202
57.5034
Loperamid 1
mg/kg bb
6 1.0533E2
9.26643
3.78300
95.6088 115.0579
90.00 114.00
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
84.3333 14.67538
5.99120
68.9325
99.7342
68.00 100.50
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6
93.0000 11.79407
4.81491
80.6229 105.3771
79.00 110.50
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 1.0467E2 10.48650
4.28110
93.6618 115.6716
90.00 119.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.1867E2
36
1.50555
94.6250 20.52294
.61464 117.0867 120.2466 116.00 120.00
3.42049
87.6810 101.5690
57.00 120.00
CMC 1%bb
6 2.5188E2 18.59656
7.59202 232.3674 271.3992 228.66 278.33
Loperamid 1
mg/kg bb
6 1.6992E2
8.86237
3.61805 160.6162 179.2172 159.50 183.50
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 2.1612E2 10.47006
4.27438 205.1340 227.1093 202.66 230.66
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 1.9367E2
3.73199 184.0733 203.2601 183.00 209.50
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 1.7758E2 38.96590 15.90776 136.6911 218.4755 122.00 233.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.6842E2 14.47901
5.91103 153.2219 183.6115 148.00 183.50
Total
Feses
normal
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
CMC 1%bb
Total
Feses
lembek
Mean
9.14148
36 1.9626E2 35.29750
5.88292 184.3218 208.2077 122.00 278.33
CMC 1%bb
6 3.4833E2 12.50067
5.10338 335.2147 361.4520 326.00 359.00
Loperamid 1
mg/kg bb
6 2.3950E2
5.99166
2.44609 233.2121 245.7879 234.00 250.00
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 3.2700E2
3.74166
1.52753 323.0734 330.9266 321.00 331.00
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 2.6183E2 10.83359
4.42279 250.4642 273.2025 248.00 274.00
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 2.3983E2
6.82398
2.78588 232.6720 246.9947 235.00 253.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 2.1200E2 11.47170
4.68330 199.9612 224.0388 199.00 230.00
36 2.7142E2 50.81416
8.46903 254.2236 288.6097 199.00 359.00
Total
75
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Frekuensi diare
95% Confidence Interval
for Mean
Perlakuan
N
Std.
Mean Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
CMC 1% bb
6 7.0000
.00000
.00000
7.0000
7.0000
7.00
7.00
Loperamid HCl
1 mg/kg bb
6 3.1667
.75277
.30732
2.3767
3.9567
2.00
4.00
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 5.5000
.83666
.34157
4.6220
6.3780
5.00
7.00
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 4.1667
.40825
.16667
3.7382
4.5951
4.00
5.00
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 3.1667
.40825
.16667
2.7382
3.5951
3.00
4.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 2.5000
.54772
.22361
1.9252
3.0748
2.00
3.00
36 4.2500
1.66261
.27710
3.6875
4.8125
2.00
7.00
Total
Lama terjadi diare
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Perlakuan
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
CMC 1% bb
6 2.9150E2 14.26534
5.82380 276.5294 306.4706
266.00 303.00
Loperamid HCl 1
mg/kg bb
6 1.3883E2 17.52046
7.15270 120.4467 157.2199
120.00 161.00
EEKBS 75 mg/kg
bb
6 2.6333E2 19.92653
8.13497 242.4217 284.2449
241.00 293.00
EEKBS 100 mg/kg
bb
6 1.8500E2 14.22674
5.80804 170.0700 199.9300
168.00 208.00
EEKBS 125 mg/kg
bb
6 1.4133E2 18.59749
7.59239 121.8165 160.8502
116.00 163.00
EEKBS 150 mg/kg
bb
6
4.06134
Total
97.1667
9.94820
86.7267 107.6067
84.00 110.00
36 1.8619E2 72.33052 12.05509 161.7213 210.6676
84.00 303.00
76
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 20. Hasil Analisis Statistik Anava
Saat mulai terjadi diare
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Mean Square
F
16133.889
5
3226.778
3826.667
30
127.556
19960.556
35
Within Groups
Total
df
Sig.
25.297
.000
Konsistensi feses (diameter serapan air)
Sum of
Squares
Konsistensi
feses
berlendir
df
Mean Square
Between
Groups
4.672
5
.934
Within
Groups
.960
30
.032
5.633
35
.667
5
.133
Within
Groups
.120
30
.004
Total
.788
35
.087
5
.017
Within
Groups
.083
30
.003
Total
.170
35
Total
Konsistensi Between
feses lembek Groups
kKonsistensi Between
feses normal Groups
F
Sig.
29.189
.000
33.259
.000
6.240
.000
Konsistensi feses (berat)
Sum of
Squares
Konsistensi feses
berlendir
Konsistensi feses
lembek
Between
Groups
5.872
5
1.174
Within
Groups
1.160
30
.039
Total
7.032
35
Between
Groups
1.747
5
.349
Within
Groups
.282
30
.009
2.029
35
Between
Groups
.030
5
.006
Within
Groups
.026
30
.001
Total
.056
35
Total
Konsistensi feses
normal
Mean
Square
df
F
Sig.
30.367
.000
37.150
.000
6.926
.000
77
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Waktu defekasi
Sum of Squares
Feses berlendir
Between Groups
Feses normal
F
11896.979
5
2379.396
2844.708
30
94.824
Total
14741.688
35
Between Groups
31879.239
5
6375.848
Within Groups
11727.730
30
390.924
Total
43606.969
35
Between Groups
87864.250
5
17572.850
2508.500
30
83.617
90372.750
35
Within Groups
Feses lembek
Mean
Square
df
Within Groups
Total
Sig.
25.093
.000
16.310
.000
210.160
.000
Frekuensi diare
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
87.250
5
17.450
9.500
30
.317
96.750
35
F
Sig.
55.105
.000
Lama terjadi diare
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
175335.806
5
35067.161
7773.833
30
259.128
183109.639
35
F
135.328
Sig.
.000
78
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 21. Hasil Analisis Statistik Duncan
Saat mulai terjadinya diare
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
4
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
68.1667
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
76.8333
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
98.5000
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
1.0067E2
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
56.8333
1.1867E2
Sig.
.092
.194
.742
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Konsistensi feses (diameter serapan air)
berlendir
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
2.0833
Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
2.1833
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
2.2500
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
2.9550
CMC 1% bb
6
2.9733
2.6083
Sig.
.137
1.000
.860
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
lembek
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
1.0333
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
1.0333
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.0833
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
1.1133
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
1.1800
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
1.4283
Sig.
.053
.078
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
normal
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
.1000
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.1167
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
.1167
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
.1333
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
.2000
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
.2333
Sig.
.327
.282
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Konsistensi feses (berat)
berlendir
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
4
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
2.3050
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
2.3750
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
3.0717
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
3.1733
2.0733
2.7217
Sig.
.050
.542
1.000
.378
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
lembek
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.8733
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
.8917
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
.9517
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
1.0683
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
1.1350
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
1.5200
Sig.
.196
.243
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
80
Universitas Sumatera Utara
normal
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.1417
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
.1433
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
.1533
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
.1717
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
.2050
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
.2150
Sig.
.117
.060
.562
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Waktu defekasi
berlendir
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
4
CMC 1%bb
6
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
84.3333
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
93.0000
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.0467E2
Loperamid 1 mg/kg bb
6
1.0533E2
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Sig.
61.7500
1.1867E2
1.000
.134
.906
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
lembek
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
1.6842E2
Loperamid 1 mg/kg bb
6
1.6992E2
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.7758E2
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
1.9367E2
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
2.1612E2
CMC 1%bb
6
2.5188E2
Sig.
.050
.058
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
81
Universitas Sumatera Utara
normal
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Loperamid 1 mg/kg bb
6
2.3950E2
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
2.3983E2
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
CMC 1%bb
6
4
5
2.1200E2
2.6183E2
3.2700E2
3.4833E2
Sig.
1.000
.950
1.000
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Frekuensi diare
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
2.5000
Susp.Lop.HCl 1 mg/kg bb
6
3.1667
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
3.1667
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
3
4
4.1667
5.5000
7.0000
Sig.
.060
1.000
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Lama terjadi diare
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.Lop.HCl 1 mg/kg bb
6
1.3883E2
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.4133E2
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
Sig.
4
5
97.1667
1.8500E2
2.6333E2
2.9150E2
1.000
.790
1.000
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
82
Universitas Sumatera Utara
49
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 2. Gambar tumbuhan sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume)
pohon sikkam
batang sikkam
daun sikkam
50
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 3. Gambar simplisia dan serbuk kulit batang sikkam (Bischofia
javanica Blume)
Simplisia batang sikkam
Serbuk simplisia batang sikkam
51
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 4. Bagan kerja penelitian
1. Pembuatan ekstrak kulit batang sikkam
serbuk simplisia 1,2 kg
dimaserasi dengan etanol 80%
hingga
serbuk
terendam
dibiarkan
selama
5
hari terlindung dari cahaya
maserat
ampas
dicuci dengan etanol 80% dan
dibiarkan selama 2 hari
disaring
maserat
ampas
diuapkan dengan
rotary evaporator
ekstrak etanol kental
dikeringkan dengan
freeze dryer
ekstrak kering 112 g
52
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 4. (Lanjutan)
2. Pengujian karakterisasi, skrining dan antidiare
Ekstrak kering 112 g
Karakterisasi simplisia
dan ekstrak, meliputi
Skrining fitokimia
simplisia dan ekstrak
Uji antidiare, meliputi
parameter:
penetapan:
- Kadar air
- Kadar sari larut air
- Kadar sari larut
etanol
- Kadar abu total
- Kadar abu tidak
larut asam
meliputi:
- alkaloida
- flavanoida
- glikosida
- tanin
- steroid/terpenoid
- saponin
- Saat mulai terjadi
diare
- Konsistensis feses
- Frekuensi diare
- Lama terjadi diare
Hasil
Hasil
Hasil
53
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 5. Perhitungan hasil karakterisasi serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak etanol
kulit batang sikkam
1. Penetapan kadar air
berat (g)
No.
1.
2.
3.
simplisia
5,0025
5,0022
5,0025
% Kadar air =
volume awal (ml)
ekstrak
5,0048
5,0044
5,0050
Simplisia
2,0
2,2
2,5
ekstrak
2,0
2,4
2,8
volume akhir (ml)
simplisia
2,2
2,5
2,9
ekstrak
2,4
2,8
3,1
volume air (ml)
x 100 %
berat (g)
Kadar air simplisia:
1. % Kadar air
=
2. % Kadar air
=
3. % Kadar air
% Kadar air rata-rata
=
0,2 ml
x 100 % = 3,99%
5,0025 g
0,3 ml
x 100 % = 5,99%
5,0022 g
0,4 ml
x 100 % = 7,99%
5,0025 g
3,99% + 5,99% + 7,99%
3
= 5,99%
Kadar air ekstrak:
1. % Kadar air ekstrak
2. % Kadar air ekstrak
=
0,4 ml
x 100 % = 7,99%
5,0048 g
=
0,4 ml
x 100 % = 7,99%
5,0044 g
3. % Kadar air ekstrak =
0,3 ml
x 100 % = 5,99%
5,0050 g
% Kadar air rata-rata 7,7,99% + 7,99% + 5,99%
`
3
= 7.32%
54
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
2. Penetapan kadar sari larut air
No.
1.
2.
3.
berat (g)
simplisia
ekstrak
5,0047
5,0047
5,0042
5,0042
5,0039
5,0022
berat cawan kosong (g)
simplisia
ekstrak
49,5950
51,9458
48,0379
49,9262
49,6782
46,2146
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
berat cawan sari (g)
simplisia Ekstrak
49,7813 52,2816
48,2047 50,2347
49,8504 46,5461
berat sari (g) 100
x
x 100 %
20
berat (g)
Kadar sari larut air simplisia:
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,1863 g 100
x
x 100 % = 18,61%
5,0047 g
20
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,1668 g 100
x
x 100 % = 16,66%
20
5,0042 g
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,1722 g 100
x
x 100 % = 17,21%
5,0022 g 20
18,61% + 16,66% + 17,49 %
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
= 17,49%
3
Kadar sari larut air ekstrak:
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,3358 g 100
x
x 100 % = 33,548%
20
5,0047 g
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,3211 g 100
x
x 100 % = 32,07%
5,0042 g
20
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam air =
0,3315 g 100
x
x 100 % = 33,12%
20
5,0039 g
33,54% + 32,07% + 33,12%
3
= 32,97 %
55
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
3. Penetapan kadar sari larut etanol
Berat cawan kosong(g)
Berat cawan sari (g)
Simplisia
ekstrak
simplisia
ekstrak
1.
49.5842
49,5937
49,7003
49,8267
2.
48,0292
48,0401
49,1459
48,2802
3.
49,6795
46,3641
49,8025
46,5895
berat sari (g) 100
x
x 100 %
% Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
20
berat (g)
No.
Berat (g)
simplisia ekstrak
5,0052 5,0055
5,0053 5,0049
5.0069
5,039
Kadar sari larut etanol simplisia:
0,1161 g 100
x
x 100 % = 11,59%
5,0052 g 20
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,1167 g 100
x
x 100 % = 11,65%
5,0053 g 20
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,1230 g 100
x
x 100 % = 12,28%
20
5,0069 g
% Kadar sari yang larut
= 11,59% + 11,65% + 12,28%
3
dalam etanol rata-rata
= 11,84%
Kadar sari larut etanol ekstrak:
1. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,2330 g 100
x
x 100 % = 23,27 %
5,0055 g 20
2. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,2401 g 100
x
x 100 % = 23,98 %
5,0049 g 20
3. % Kadar sari yang larut dalam etanol =
0,2254 g 100
x
x 100 % = 22,52 %
5,0041 g 20
% Kadar
sari yang+larut
= 23,27%
+ 23,98%
22,52 %
= 23,26 %
3
dalam etanol rata-rata
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
4. Penetapan kadar abu total
No.
1.
2.
3.
berat (g)
simplisia
2,0235
2,0128
2,0132
% Kadar abu total =
berat abu (g)
simplisia
ekstrak
0,0961
0,0095
0,0776
0,0118
0,0731
0,0083
Ekstrak
2,0812
2,0352
2,0458
berat abu (g)
x 100%
berat (g)
Kadar abu total simplisia:
1. % Kadar abu total =
0,0961 g
x 100 % = 4,74%
2,0235 g
2. % Kadar abu total =
0,0776 g
x 100 % = 3.85%
2,0128 g
3. % Kadar abu total =
0,0731 g
x 100 % = 3,63%
2,0132 g
= 4,74%
3.85%
+ 3,63 %
%
Kadar +abu
total rata-rata
3
= 4,07%
Kadar abu total ekstrak:
1. % Kadar abu total =
2. % Kadar abu total =
0,0118 g
x 100% = 0,57%
2,0352 g
3. % Kadar abu total =
% Kadar abu total rata-rata
3
0,0095 g
x 100 % = 0,45%
2,0812 g
0,0083 g
x 100% = 0,40%
2,0458 g
= 0,45% + 0,57% + 0,40%
= 0,48%
57
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Lampiran 5. (Lanjutan)
5. Penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam
No.
1.
2.
3.
berat (g)
simplisia
Ekstrak
2,0235
2,0812
2,0128
2,0352
2,0132
2,0476
% Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
berat abu (g)
Simplisia
ekstrak
0,1306
0,0001
0,1226
0,0002
0,1140
0,0003
berat abu (g)
x 100 %
berat (g)
Kadar abu tidak larut asam simplisia:
1. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0645 g
x 100 % = 6,45%
2,0235 g
2. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,1226 g
x 100 % = 6,09%
2,0128 g
3. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,1140 g
x 100 % = 5,66%
2,0132 g
% Kadar abu tidak larut asam rata-rata = 6,45% + 6,09% + 5,66%
3
= 6,06%
Kadar abu tidak larut asam ekstrak:
1. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0001 g
x 100 % = 0,01%
2,0812 g
2. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0003 g
x 100% = 0,01%
2,0352 g
3. % Kadar abu tidak larut asam =
0,0002 g
x 100% = 0,01%
2,0476 g
% Kadar abu tidak larut asam rata-rata = 0,01% + 0,01% + 0,01%
3
= 0,01%
58
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Lampiran 6. Gambar konsistensi feses tikus
Feses tikus normal
Feses tikus lembek
Feses tikus berlendir
59
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Lampiran 7. Volume maksimum larutan sediaan uji yang dapat diberikan pada hewan
uji (Mulyono, 1984)
Jenis hewan uji
Volume maksimum (ml) sesuai jalur pemberian
i.v.
i.m.
i.p.
s.c.
p.o.
Mencit (20-30 g)
0,5
0,05
1,0
0,5-1,0
1,0
Tikus (200 g)
1,0
0,1
2-5
2-5
5,0
Hamster (50 g)
-
0,1
1-2
2,5
2,5
Marmot (300 g)
-
0,25
2-5
5,0
10,0
Kelinci (2,5 kg)
5-10
0,5
10-20
5-10
20,0
Kucing (3 kg)
5-10
1,0
10-20
5-10
50,0
Anjing (5 kg)
10-20
5,0
20-50
10,0
100,0
Lampiran 8. Konversi dosis antara jenis hewan dengan manusia (Laurance dan
Bacharach, 1964)
Mencit
20 g
Tikus
200 g
Marmot
400 g
Kelinci
1,5 kg
Kera
4 kg
Anjing
12 kg
Manusia
70 kg
Mencit
20 g
Tikus
200 g
Marmot
400 g
Kelinci
1,5 kg
Kera
4 kg
Anjing
12 kg
Manusia
70 kg
1,0
7,0
12,25
27,8
64,1
124,3
387,9
0,14
1,0
1,74
3,0
9,2
17,8
56,0
0,008
0,57
1,0
2,25
5,2
10,2
31,5
0,04
0,25
0,44
1,0
2,4
4,5
14,2
0,016
0,11
0,19
0,42
1,0
1,9
6,1
0,008
0,06
0,10
0,22
0,52
1,0
3,1
0,0026
0,018
0,031
0,07
0,16
0,32
1,0
60
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Lampiran 9. Gambar tikus saat pengamatan
61
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Lampiran 10. Gambar alat yang digunakan
Spuit dan oral sonde
Neraca hewan
62
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Lampiran 11. Perhitungan konversi dosis
1. Perhitungan konversi dosis loperamid HCl (tablet Imodium®) dari manusia
ke tikus :
Dosis manusia (berat 70 kg) = 2-8 mg dan tidak melebihi 16 mg/hari
Dosis tikus (berat 200 g)
= 0,018 x (16 mg) = 0,2 mg
Maka dosis loperamid HCl untuk tikus = 1 mg/kg bb
2. Perhitungan konversi dosis EEKBS dari tikus ke manusia :
Dosis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah :
-
75 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 15 mg/200 g bb
-
100 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 20 mg/200 g bb
-
125 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 25 mg/200 g bb
-
150 mg/kg bb atau sama dengan 30 mg/200 g bb
Dosis optimal EEKBS pada tikus adalah 25 mg/200 g bb.
Faktor konversi dosis tikus = 56,0
Dosis manusia = dosis pada tikus x faktor konversi
= 25 mg x 56,0
= 1400 mg/ 70 kg bb
= 1,4 g/ 70 kg bb
3.
Rendemen
=
=
berat ekstrak
× 100%
berat simplisia
112 g
× 100% = 9,33%
1200 g
Maka pemakaian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam (EKKBS) 125 mg/kg bb pada
tikus setara dengan 1500 mg simplisia kulit batang sikkam.
63
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Lampiran 12. Perhitungan Kadar Loperamid HCl dari Tablet Imodium®
Dosis manusia (70 kg) = 2-8 mg dan tidak melebihi 16 mg/hari
Dosis tikus (200 g) setelah dikonversikan = 1 mg/kg bb
Tablet Imodium ditimbang sebanyak 20 tablet (berat = 2400 mg)
20 tablet Imodium mengandung Loperamid HCl sebanyak 40 mg
Loperamid HCl yang digunakan = 15 mg
Serbuk Imodium yang diambil = 15 mg x 2400 mg = 900 mg
40 mg
64
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Lampiran 13. Perhitungan dosis pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
(EEKBS) dan loperamid HCl (tablet imodium®)
a. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 75 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 2,25 % = 2,25 g/100 ml = 22,5 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
dosis pemberian =
200 g
× 75 mg = 15 mg
1000 g
15 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
22,5 mg
b. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 100 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 3 % = 3 g/100 ml = 30 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
dosis pemberian =
200 g
× 100 mg = 20 mg
1000 g
20 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
30 mg
c. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 125 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 3,75 % = 3,75 g/100 ml = 37,5 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
200 g
× 125 mg = 25mg
1000 g
dosis pemberian
=
25 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
37,5 mg
65
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d. Perhitungan EEKBS dosis 150 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi EEKBS = 4,5 % = 4,5 g/100 ml = 45 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
200 g
× 150 mg = 30mg
1000 g
dosis pemberian
=
30 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
45 mg
e. Loperamid HCl yang diberikan untuk dosis 1 mg/kg bb
Konsentrasi Loperamid HCl = 0,03 % = 0,03 g/100 ml = 0,3 mg/ml
Berat badan tikus
= 200 g
maka, dosis
=
200 g
× 1 mg = 0,2mg
1000 g
dosis pemberian =
0,2 mg
× 1 ml = 0,667 ml/tikus
0,3 mg
66
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Lampiran 14. Hasil orientasi dosis bahan uji terhadap saat mulai terjadinya diare
setelah pemberian oleum ricini.
Saat mulai terjadinya diare
(menit)
56,8
100,7
58,3
61,7
68,2
76,8
98,5
110,3
Perlakuan
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 25mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 50mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
Grafik hasil orientasi dosis
Saat mulai defekasi (menit ke-)
140,0
118,7
120,0
100,7
100,0
98,5
80,0
76,8
68,2
60,0
56,8
58,3
61,7
40,0
20,0
0,0
CMC 1% Lop. HCl EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS EEKBS
bb
1 mg/kg 25 mg/kg 50 mg/kg 75 mg/kg 100
125
150
bb
bb
bb
bb
mg/kg bb mg/kg bb mg/kg bb
67
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Lampiran 15. Hasil pengamatan saat mulai terjadinya diare setelah pemberian
oleum ricini
Jumlah
Ratarata
(menit)
Hewan
Perlakuan
1
2
3
4
5
6
OR + CMC
1% bb
OR + loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb
56
54
60
58
56
57
341
56,8
114
114
87
89
90
110
604
100,7
OR + EEKBS
75 mg/kg bb
60
59
60
88
57
85
409
68,2
OR + EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
86
83
60
87
59
86
461
76,8
OR + EEKBS
125 mg/kg bb
89
90
119
114
89
90
591
98,5
OR + EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
113
89
118
116
107
119
662
110,3
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
68
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Lampiran 16. Hasil pengamatan konsistensi feses setelah pemberian oleum ricini
Berlendir
Diameter serapan
air (cm)
2,93
2,18
2,88
2,60
2,25
2,08
Perlakuan
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS150 mg/kg bb
Berat feses
(g)
3,15
2,30
3,07
2,73
2,37
2,07
Lembek
Diameter serapan
air (cm)
1,14
1,05
1,19
1,11
1,05
1,03
Perlakuan
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS150 mg/kg bb
Berat feses
(g)
1,52
0,87
1,13
1,06
0,95
0,89
Normal
Perlakuan
Diameter serapan
air (cm)
0,23
0,11
0,20
1,33
1,11
0,10
OR + CMC 1% bb
OR + loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
OR +lEEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
OR + EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
Berat feses
(g)
0,21
0,14
0,20
0,17
0,15
0,14
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
69
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Lampiran 17. Hasil pengamatan frekuensi diare setelah pemberian oleum ricini
OR + CMC 1% bb
1
7
2
7
Hewan
3
4
7
7
OR + loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb
3
3
4
4
3
OR + EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
5
7
5
5
OR +. EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
5
4
4
OR + EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
3
3
OR + EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
2
3
Perlakuan
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
Jumlah
Rata-rata
42
7,0
2
19
3,17
6
5
33
5,5
4
4
4
25
4,1
3
3
4
3
19
3,17
3
2
2
3
15
2,5
5
7
6
7
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
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Lampiran 18. Hasil pengamatan lama terjadinya diare setelah pemberian oleum
ricini
1
T2T1
2
T2T1
Hewan
3
4
T2T2T1
T1
5
T2T1
6
T2T1
303
299
266
284
302
120
124
149
161
OR + EEKBS
5 mg/kg bb
261
293
269
OR + EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
185
168
OR + EEKBS
125 mg/kg bb
149
OR + EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
95
Perlakuan
OR + CMC
1% bb
OR +loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb
Keterangan:
OR
EEKBS
Jumlah
Ratarata
295
1746
291
153
126
828
138
242
274
241
1578
263
208
172
189
188
1110
185
163
116
121
152
147
1224
141
110
103
88
103
84
538
97
: oleum ricini
: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam
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Lampiran 19. Hasil deskriptif data
Saat mulai terjadi diare
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Perlakuan
N
Mean
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
54.6912
58.9755
54.00
60.00
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
2.04124
.83333
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg
bb
6 1.0067E2 13.26147
5.41397
86.7496 114.5837
87.00 114.00
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
68.1667 14.27469
5.82762
53.1863
83.1470
57.00
88.00
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6
76.8333 13.49691
5.51009
62.6692
90.9975
59.00
87.00
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kgbb
6
98.5000 14.03923
5.73149
83.7667 113.2333
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.1867E2
Total
36
56.8333
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
1.50555
86.6111 23.88099
89.00 119.00
.61464 117.0867 120.2466 116.00 120.00
3.98016
78.5309
94.6913
54.00 120.00
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Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Konsistensi feses (diameter serapan air)
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Konsistensi
feses
berlendir
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6 2.9733
.24977 .10197 2.7112
3.2355
2.57
3.26
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6 2.1833
.18619 .07601 1.9879
2.3787
2.00
2.45
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 2.9550
.18960 .07741 2.7560
3.1540
2.70
3.15
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 2.6083
.14634 .05974 2.4548
2.7619
2.45
2.85
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 2.2500
.17889 .07303 2.0623
2.4377
2.00
2.45
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 2.0833
.07528 .03073 2.0043
2.1623
2.00
2.20
Total
Konsistensi
feses
lembek
Std.
Mean Deviation
36 2.5089
.40117 .06686 2.3732
2.6446
2.00
3.26
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6 1.4283
.12875 .05256 1.2932
1.5634
1.30
1.60
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6 1.0333
.04082 .01667
.9905
1.0762
1.00
1.10
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 1.1800
.04517 .01844 1.1326
1.2274
1.13
1.26
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 1.1133
.03830 .01563 1.0731
1.1535
1.05
1.15
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 1.0833
.02582 .01054 1.0562
1.1104
1.05
1.10
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.0333
.04082 .01667
.9905
1.0762
1.00
1.10
.15004 .02501 1.0945
Total
1.1960
1.00
1.60
6
.2333
.05164 .02108
.1791
.2875
.20
.30
6
.1167
.04082 .01667
.0738
.1595
.10
.20
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
.2000
.08944 .03651
.1061
.2939
.10
.30
Susp.EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6
.1333
.05164 .02108
.0791
.1875
.10
.20
Susp.EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6
.1167
.04082 .01667
.0738
.1595
.10
.20
Susp.EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6
.1000
.00000 .00000
.1000
.1000
.10
.10
36
.1500
.06969 .01162
.1264
.1736
.10
.30
Konsistensi Susp.CMC 1% bb
feses normal Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
Total
36 1.1453
73
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Konsistensi feses (berat)
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Std.
Mean Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
Konsistensi
Susp.CMC 1%
feses berlendir bb
6 3.1733
.26830 .10953
2.8918 3.4549
2.76
3.50
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6 2.3050
.17604 .07187
2.1203 2.4897
2.09
2.57
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 3.0717
.23575 .09624
2.8243 3.3191
2.77
3.37
Susp.EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
6 2.7217
.14825 .06052
2.5661 2.8772
2.56
2.99
Susp.EEKBS
125 mg/kgbb
6 2.3750
.18887 .07710
2.1768 2.5732
2.10
2.59
Susp.EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
6 2.0733
.12580 .05136
1.9413 2.2054
1.89
2.24
Total
Konsistensi
feses lembek
36 2.6200
.44823 .07470
2.4683 2.7717
1.89
3.50
Susp.CMC 1%
bb
6 1.5200
.12554 .05125
1.3883 1.6517
1.39
1.67
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.8733
.07659 .03127
.9537
.77
.95
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 1.1350
.03271 .01335
1.1007 1.1693
1.09
1.18
Susp.EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
6 1.0683
.12592 .05141
.9362 1.2005
.90
1.20
Susp.EEKBS
125 mg/kgbb
6
.9517
.08424 .03439
.8633 1.0401
.85
1.10
Susp.EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
6
.8917
.10381 .04238
.7827 1.0006
.76
1.08
36 1.0733
.24077 .04013
.9919 1.1548
.76
1.67
Total
Konsistensi
feses normal
.7930
Susp.CMC 1%
bb
6
.2150
.01871 .00764
.1954
.2346
.19
.24
Susp.Lop
HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.1417
.03430 .01400
.1057
.1777
.11
.19
Susp.EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
.2050
.03332 .01360
.1700
.2400
.16
.24
Susp.EEKBS
100 mg/kg bb
6
.1717
.02229 .00910
.1483
.1951
.15
.20
Susp.EEKBS
125 mg/kgbb
6
.1533
.04320 .01764
.1080
.1987
.11
.22
Susp.EEKBS
150 mg/kg bb
6
.1433
.01506 .00615
.1275
.1591
.13
.17
36
.1717
.04011 .00668
.1581
.1852
.11
.24
Total
74
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Waktu defekasi
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
N
Feses
berlendir
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
65.9966
57.00
67.50
6
61.7500
4.04660
1.65202
57.5034
Loperamid 1
mg/kg bb
6 1.0533E2
9.26643
3.78300
95.6088 115.0579
90.00 114.00
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6
84.3333 14.67538
5.99120
68.9325
99.7342
68.00 100.50
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6
93.0000 11.79407
4.81491
80.6229 105.3771
79.00 110.50
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 1.0467E2 10.48650
4.28110
93.6618 115.6716
90.00 119.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.1867E2
36
1.50555
94.6250 20.52294
.61464 117.0867 120.2466 116.00 120.00
3.42049
87.6810 101.5690
57.00 120.00
CMC 1%bb
6 2.5188E2 18.59656
7.59202 232.3674 271.3992 228.66 278.33
Loperamid 1
mg/kg bb
6 1.6992E2
8.86237
3.61805 160.6162 179.2172 159.50 183.50
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 2.1612E2 10.47006
4.27438 205.1340 227.1093 202.66 230.66
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 1.9367E2
3.73199 184.0733 203.2601 183.00 209.50
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 1.7758E2 38.96590 15.90776 136.6911 218.4755 122.00 233.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 1.6842E2 14.47901
5.91103 153.2219 183.6115 148.00 183.50
Total
Feses
normal
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
CMC 1%bb
Total
Feses
lembek
Mean
9.14148
36 1.9626E2 35.29750
5.88292 184.3218 208.2077 122.00 278.33
CMC 1%bb
6 3.4833E2 12.50067
5.10338 335.2147 361.4520 326.00 359.00
Loperamid 1
mg/kg bb
6 2.3950E2
5.99166
2.44609 233.2121 245.7879 234.00 250.00
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 3.2700E2
3.74166
1.52753 323.0734 330.9266 321.00 331.00
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 2.6183E2 10.83359
4.42279 250.4642 273.2025 248.00 274.00
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 2.3983E2
6.82398
2.78588 232.6720 246.9947 235.00 253.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 2.1200E2 11.47170
4.68330 199.9612 224.0388 199.00 230.00
36 2.7142E2 50.81416
8.46903 254.2236 288.6097 199.00 359.00
Total
75
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 19. (Lanjutan)
Frekuensi diare
95% Confidence Interval
for Mean
Perlakuan
N
Std.
Mean Deviation
Std.
Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
CMC 1% bb
6 7.0000
.00000
.00000
7.0000
7.0000
7.00
7.00
Loperamid HCl
1 mg/kg bb
6 3.1667
.75277
.30732
2.3767
3.9567
2.00
4.00
EEKBS 75
mg/kg bb
6 5.5000
.83666
.34157
4.6220
6.3780
5.00
7.00
EEKBS 100
mg/kg bb
6 4.1667
.40825
.16667
3.7382
4.5951
4.00
5.00
EEKBS 125
mg/kg bb
6 3.1667
.40825
.16667
2.7382
3.5951
3.00
4.00
EEKBS 150
mg/kg bb
6 2.5000
.54772
.22361
1.9252
3.0748
2.00
3.00
36 4.2500
1.66261
.27710
3.6875
4.8125
2.00
7.00
Total
Lama terjadi diare
95% Confidence
Interval for Mean
Perlakuan
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation Std. Error
Lower
Bound
Upper
Bound
Min
Max
CMC 1% bb
6 2.9150E2 14.26534
5.82380 276.5294 306.4706
266.00 303.00
Loperamid HCl 1
mg/kg bb
6 1.3883E2 17.52046
7.15270 120.4467 157.2199
120.00 161.00
EEKBS 75 mg/kg
bb
6 2.6333E2 19.92653
8.13497 242.4217 284.2449
241.00 293.00
EEKBS 100 mg/kg
bb
6 1.8500E2 14.22674
5.80804 170.0700 199.9300
168.00 208.00
EEKBS 125 mg/kg
bb
6 1.4133E2 18.59749
7.59239 121.8165 160.8502
116.00 163.00
EEKBS 150 mg/kg
bb
6
4.06134
Total
97.1667
9.94820
86.7267 107.6067
84.00 110.00
36 1.8619E2 72.33052 12.05509 161.7213 210.6676
84.00 303.00
76
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 20. Hasil Analisis Statistik Anava
Saat mulai terjadi diare
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Mean Square
F
16133.889
5
3226.778
3826.667
30
127.556
19960.556
35
Within Groups
Total
df
Sig.
25.297
.000
Konsistensi feses (diameter serapan air)
Sum of
Squares
Konsistensi
feses
berlendir
df
Mean Square
Between
Groups
4.672
5
.934
Within
Groups
.960
30
.032
5.633
35
.667
5
.133
Within
Groups
.120
30
.004
Total
.788
35
.087
5
.017
Within
Groups
.083
30
.003
Total
.170
35
Total
Konsistensi Between
feses lembek Groups
kKonsistensi Between
feses normal Groups
F
Sig.
29.189
.000
33.259
.000
6.240
.000
Konsistensi feses (berat)
Sum of
Squares
Konsistensi feses
berlendir
Konsistensi feses
lembek
Between
Groups
5.872
5
1.174
Within
Groups
1.160
30
.039
Total
7.032
35
Between
Groups
1.747
5
.349
Within
Groups
.282
30
.009
2.029
35
Between
Groups
.030
5
.006
Within
Groups
.026
30
.001
Total
.056
35
Total
Konsistensi feses
normal
Mean
Square
df
F
Sig.
30.367
.000
37.150
.000
6.926
.000
77
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Waktu defekasi
Sum of Squares
Feses berlendir
Between Groups
Feses normal
F
11896.979
5
2379.396
2844.708
30
94.824
Total
14741.688
35
Between Groups
31879.239
5
6375.848
Within Groups
11727.730
30
390.924
Total
43606.969
35
Between Groups
87864.250
5
17572.850
2508.500
30
83.617
90372.750
35
Within Groups
Feses lembek
Mean
Square
df
Within Groups
Total
Sig.
25.093
.000
16.310
.000
210.160
.000
Frekuensi diare
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
87.250
5
17.450
9.500
30
.317
96.750
35
F
Sig.
55.105
.000
Lama terjadi diare
Sum of Squares
Between Groups
Within Groups
Total
df
Mean Square
175335.806
5
35067.161
7773.833
30
259.128
183109.639
35
F
135.328
Sig.
.000
78
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lampiran 21. Hasil Analisis Statistik Duncan
Saat mulai terjadinya diare
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
4
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
68.1667
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
76.8333
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
98.5000
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
1.0067E2
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
56.8333
1.1867E2
Sig.
.092
.194
.742
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Konsistensi feses (diameter serapan air)
berlendir
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
2.0833
Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
2.1833
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
2.2500
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
2.9550
CMC 1% bb
6
2.9733
2.6083
Sig.
.137
1.000
.860
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
lembek
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
1.0333
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
1.0333
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.0833
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
1.1133
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
1.1800
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
1.4283
Sig.
.053
.078
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
79
Universitas Sumatera Utara
normal
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
.1000
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.1167
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
.1167
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
.1333
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
.2000
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
.2333
Sig.
.327
.282
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Konsistensi feses (berat)
berlendir
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
4
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
2.3050
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
2.3750
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
3.0717
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
3.1733
2.0733
2.7217
Sig.
.050
.542
1.000
.378
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
lembek
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.8733
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
.8917
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
.9517
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
1.0683
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
1.1350
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
1.5200
Sig.
.196
.243
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
80
Universitas Sumatera Utara
normal
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
Susp.Lop HCL1mg/kg bb
6
.1417
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
.1433
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kgbb
6
.1533
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
.1717
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
.2050
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
.2150
Sig.
.117
.060
.562
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Waktu defekasi
berlendir
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
4
CMC 1%bb
6
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
84.3333
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
93.0000
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.0467E2
Loperamid 1 mg/kg bb
6
1.0533E2
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Sig.
61.7500
1.1867E2
1.000
.134
.906
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
lembek
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
1.6842E2
Loperamid 1 mg/kg bb
6
1.6992E2
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.7758E2
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
1.9367E2
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
2.1612E2
CMC 1%bb
6
2.5188E2
Sig.
.050
.058
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
81
Universitas Sumatera Utara
normal
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Loperamid 1 mg/kg bb
6
2.3950E2
EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
2.3983E2
EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
CMC 1%bb
6
4
5
2.1200E2
2.6183E2
3.2700E2
3.4833E2
Sig.
1.000
.950
1.000
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Frekuensi diare
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
Susp.EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
2.5000
Susp.Lop.HCl 1 mg/kg bb
6
3.1667
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
3.1667
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
3
4
4.1667
5.5000
7.0000
Sig.
.060
1.000
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
Lama terjadi diare
Subset for alpha = 0.05
Kelompok
N
1
2
3
EEKBS 150 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.Lop.HCl 1 mg/kg bb
6
1.3883E2
Susp.EEKBS 125 mg/kg bb
6
1.4133E2
Susp.EEKBS 100 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.EEKBS 75 mg/kg bb
6
Susp.CMC 1% bb
6
Sig.
4
5
97.1667
1.8500E2
2.6333E2
2.9150E2
1.000
.790
1.000
1.000
1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
82
Universitas Sumatera Utara