Uji Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume) Dengan Metode Defekasi Pada Tikus

UJI ANTIDIARE EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BATANG SIKKAM
(Bischofia javanica Blume) DENGAN METODE DEFEKASI
PADA TIKUS

ABSTRAK

Pemanfaatan kulit batang sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume) sebagai obat
masih belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Selama ini kulit batang sikkam
digunakan sebagai pewarna alami untuk keranjang rotan dan bambu. Secara
tradisional perasan kulit batang sikkam digunakan sebagai adstringen alami dan
antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia,
ekstrak etanol, golongan senyawa kimia dan efek antidiare ekstrak etanol kulit
batang sikkam pada tikus yang diinduksi dengan oleum ricini.
Serbuk simplisia kulit batang sikkam dimaserasi dengan etanol 80% selama
5 hari, diserkai, diperas, dicuci ampasnya dengan cairan penyari secukupnya,
dibiarkan selama 2 hari, disaring. Maserat yang diperoleh dipekatkan dengan
rotary evaporator (±40oC) dan di freeze dryer (-40oC). Serbuk dan ekstrak etanol
kulit batang sikkam dikarakterisasi, diskrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antidiare
terhadap tikus yang diinduksi dengan oleum ricini 2 ml. Ekstrak etanol diberikan
secara oral dengan dosis 75, 100, 125 dan 150 mg/kg bb, sebagai pembanding
loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap 30 menit selama 6 jam,

meliputi: saat mulai terjadi diare, konsistensi feses, frekuensi diare dan lama
terjadinya diare.
Hasil karakteristik serbuk simplisia kulit batang sikkam diperoleh kadar
air 5,99%, kadar sari larut air 17,49%, kadar sari larut etanol 11,84%, kadar abu
total 4,07% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 6,06% sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan
karakteristik ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam diperoleh kadar air 7,32%, kadar
sari larut air 32,97%, kadar sari larut etanol 23,26%, kadar abu total 0,48%, kadar
abu tidak larut asam 0,01%. Hasil skrining fitokimia serbuk simplisia dan ekstrak
etanol diperoleh senyawa flavonoida, glikosida, tanin, steroida/triterpenoida. Uji
efek antidiare ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak
etanol dengan semua dosis memberikan efek antidiare, dosis 75 dan 100 mg/kg bb
memiliki efek antidiare yang lebih kecil dibanding loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb.
Dosis 125 mg/kg bb memberikan efek antidiare yang sama dengan loperamid HCl
dosis 1 mg/kg bb dan dosis 150 mg/kg bb memberikan efek yang lebih kuat
dibanding loperamid HCl 1 mg/kg bb.
Kata kunci: ekstrak etanol kulit batang sikkam, antidiare, defekasi, tikus

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

STUDY ON ANTIDIARRHEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF
SIKKAM BARK (Bischofia javanica Blume) WITH DEFECATION
METHOD IN RATS

ABSTRACT
The utilization of sikkam bark (Bischofia javanica Blume) as the drug is
still rarely known by the public. It has been used as a colouring agent for wicker
baskets and nets. Traditionally, sikkam bark juice is used as a natural astringent
and antibacterial agent. The aim of this study was to determine characteristics of
simplex, its ethanol extracts, chemical substances and antidiarrheal effects of
ethanol extract in rats induced by oleum ricini.
Powder simplex of sikkam bark was characterized and phytochemical
screened, then it was macerated with ethanol 80% for 5 days, separated,
sequeezed, the pulp was washed by enough solvent in 2 days, and filtered. The
macerate was evaporated by using rotary evaporator (±40oC) and freezed dry
(-40oC). Furthermore, the ethanol extract was characterized and phytochemicals
screened. Antidiarrheal activity was tested using rats induced with 2 ml of oleum
ricini by using defecation method. The ethanol extract was administed orally with
dose of 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg/kg bw. Loperamid HCle HCl 1 mg/kg bw was
used as positive control. Diarrhea occurred was observated every 30 minutes for 6

hours, includes: start happening diarrhea, stool consistency, frequency and
duration of diarrhea occurrence.
The results of characteristization of simplex powder of the sikkam bark
water content 5.99%, content of water-soluble extract 17.49%, content of soluble
ethanol extract 11.84%, content of ash total 4.07% and content of insoluble acid
6.06% while the result of the characteristization of the ethanol extracts were water
content 7.32%, water-soluble extract 7.32%, soluble ethanol extract 23.26%, ash
total 0.48% and insoluble acid 0.01%. The results of phytochemical screening
obtained flavonoid compounds, glycosides, tannins, steroid/triterpenoida. All
doses of the ethanol extract of sikkam bark showed antidiarrheal effect. Doses of
75 and 100 mg/kg bw has antidiarrheal effect is smaller compare with loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb. The dose 125 mg/kg bw gives the same effect with a dose of
loperamid HCl and 150 mg/kg bw give a stronger effect compared with loperamid
HCl 1 mg/kg bb.
Keywords: ethanol extract of sikkam bark, antidiarrheal, methods of defecation,
Rats

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Universitas Sumatera Utara