Uji Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Sikkam (Bischofia javanica Blume) Dengan Metode Defekasi Pada Tikus
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Ahmadu, A.A., Zezi, A.A., dan Yano, A.H. (2007) Anti-Diarrheal Activity of the
Leaf Extracts of Daniellia Oliveri Hutch and Dalz (Fabaceae) and Ficus
Sycomorus Miq (Moraceae). African Journal. 4(4): 524-528.
Ajaib, M. dan Khan, Z.U. (2012). Bischofia javanic : A New Record To The Flora
of Pakistan. Biologia (Pakistan). 58(1,2): 179-183.
Anief, M. (1999). Ilmu Meracik Obat, Teori Dan Praktik. Cet. 5. Yogyakarta:
Gadjah Mada University Press. Hal. 107,169.
Anwar, H.J. (2000). Farmakologi dan Terapi Obat-obatan Saluran Cerna.
Jakarta: Penerbit Hipokrates. Hal. 15-17.
Bachheti, R.K., Indra, R., dan Archana, J. (2013). Chemical Composition, Mineral
and Nutritional Value of Wild Bischofia javanica seed. Intenasional Food
Research Journal. 20(4): 1747-1751.
Clinton, C.N.D. (2009). Plant tannins: A novel approach to the treatment of
ulcerative colitis. Natural Medicine Journal. 2: 1-3.
Depkes. (1979). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid III. Jakarta: Depkes RI. Hal.
155-171.
Depkes. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia. Edisi Keenam. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Hal. 323-325.
Depkes. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta:
Depkes RI. Hal. 1, 9-12, 17.
Ditjen POM. (1979). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Hal. 9, 33, 649, 696.
Ditjen POM. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid VI. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Hal. 300-306, 323-326.
Di Carlo, G., Autore, G., Izzo, A.A., Maiolino, P., Mascolo, N., Viola, P., Diurno,
M.V., dan Capasso, F. (1993). Inhibition of Intestinal Motility and
Secretory by Flavonoids in Mice and Rats: Structure Activity
Relationships. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 45(12): 10541059.
Farnsworth, N.R. (1966). Biologycal and Phytochemical Screening of Plants.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 55(3): 262-264.
45
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Fauci, A.S. (2008). Harrison’s principle of internal medicine. Edisi XVII. New
York: Mc Graw Hill. Hal. 249-250.
Friedman, S.L., Kenneth, Mc R.Q., Grendell, J.H. (2003). Current Diagnostic &
Treatment in Gastroenterology. Edisi II. New York: Mc Graw Hill. Hal.
301-308.
Goodman, S.L., dan Gilman, A. (1996). The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics. Edisi kesembilan. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Hal. 927.
Harbone, J.B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa
Tumbuhan. Penerjemah Kosasih Padmawinata. Edisi Kedua. Bandung:
ITB Press. Hal. 147-148, 281.
Harmida, Vivin, F.Y., dan Sarno. (2011). Studi Etnofitomedika di Desa Lawang
Agung Kecamatan Mulak Ulu Kabupaten Lahat Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal
Penelitian Sains. 14(1): 14110.
Ikawati, Z. (2008). Pengantar Farmakologi Molekuler. Yogyakarta:
Mada University Press. Hal. 50, 78-81.
Gadjah
Jeejeebhoy, K.N. (1977). Symposium on Diarrhea Definition and Mechanisms of
diarrhea. Scientific Section. CMA Journal. 116: 737-739.
Katzung, B.G. (2001). Farmakologi: Dasar dan Klinik. Edisi Pertama. Jakarta:
Salemba Medika. Hal. 984-985.
Kumar, R. (2001) Chemical and Biochemical Nature of Fodder Tree Tannins.
Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry. 31: 1364-1366.
Lutterodt, G.D. (1989). Inhibition of Gastrointestinal Release of Acetylcholine by
Quercetin as a Possible Mode of Action of Psidium guajara leaf Extracts
in the Treatment
of Acute Diarrhoea Disease. Journal
Ethnopharmacology. 23: 235-247.
Markham, K.R. (1988). Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoida. Bandung: ITB-Press.
Hal. 1-8.
McPhee, S.J., dan Papadakis, M.A. (2007). Current Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment. Edisi XLVI. USA: Mc Graw Hill. Hal. 559-560.
Nurdjanah, N., dan Christina, W. (2005). Peluang Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Sebagai Sumber Pangan Fungsional. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 24(2): 4755.
46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Otshudi, L.A., Vercruysse, A., dan Foriers A. (2000). Contribution to the
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of
Traditionally Used Medicinal Plant in the Treatment of Dysentery and
Diarrhoea in Lomela Area, Democratic Republik of Congo (DRC),
Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 71(3): 411-23.
Pradhan K.B. dan Badola K.H. (2008). Ethnomedicinal Plant Use by Lepcha
Tribe of Dzongu Valley, Bordering Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve,
in North Sikkim India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
4(22): 1-18.
Rajbongshi, P.P., Kamaruz, Z., Sangeeta, B., dan Simanti, D. (2014). A Review
on Traditional Use and Phytopharmacological Potential of Bischofia
javanica Blume. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Review and Research. 24(2): 24-29.
Robert, M.K. dan Nelson, W.E. (2007). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edisi
XVIII. Philadelphia: Sauders. Hal. 1613-1616.
Robinson, T. (1995). Kandungan Organik Tumbuhan Tinggi. Edisi Keenam.
Bandung: Penerbit ITB. Hal. 191.
Sardjono, Santoso, dan Dewoto. (1995). Analgesik Opioid dan Antagonis. dalam
Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi 4. Jakarta. FK-UI. Hal. 200.
Sari., L.O.R.K. (2006). Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional Dengan Pertimbangan
Manfaat Dan Keamanan. Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian. 3(1): 1-7.
Seed Leaflet. (2012). Bischofia javanica Blume. Copenhagen Forest &
Landscape Denmark. 157.
Suharyono. (1991). Diare Akut Klinik dan Laboratorik. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Hal. 1-2.
Sundari, D., Yun, A.N., dan Budi, N. (2005). Uji Khasiat Antidiare Ekstrak Daun
Sendok (Plantago major Linn.) Pada Tikus Putih. Media Litbang
Kesehatan. 15(3): 19-23.
Sutharson, L., Nath, L.K., Kar, P.K., Shila E.B., dan Rajan J.V. (2009). Free
Radical Scavenging Activity of Leaves of Bischofia javanica Blume and
Fraxinus Floribunda Wallich. Pharmacologyonline. 19(7): 5150-5156.
Teke, G.N., Kuiate, J.R., Ngouateu, O.B, dan Gatsing, D. (2007). Antidiarrhoel
and antimicrobial Activities Of Emilia cocconea (Sims) G Don Extracts.,
Journal Of Ethno-Pharmacology. 112(1): 278-283.
47
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tan, H.T., dan Rahardja, K. (2007) Obat-Obat Penting, Khasiat, Penggunaan
dan Efek Sampingnya, Edisi Keempat. Cet. 1. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media
Computindo. Hal. 288-289, 296-297.
Trease, G.E. dan Evans, W.C. (1983). Pharmacognosy. Edisi Keduabelas.
London: Bailliere Tindal. Hal. 376-380.
Vogel, H. (2002). Drug Discovery and Evaluation. Frankfurt: Springer. Hal. 875878.
Wells, B.G. (2006). Pharmacotherapy Handbook. Edisi Keenam. Singapore: The
Mc Graw Hill Companies. Hal. 222-227.
WHO. (1992). Quality Control Methods For Medical Plant Materials. Geneva:
World Healt Organization. Hal. 31-33.
Winda, G.E. (2010). Uji Efek Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Salam
(Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) Terhadap Mencit Jantan. Skripsi
Medan: Fakultas Farmasi USU.
48
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Ahmadu, A.A., Zezi, A.A., dan Yano, A.H. (2007) Anti-Diarrheal Activity of the
Leaf Extracts of Daniellia Oliveri Hutch and Dalz (Fabaceae) and Ficus
Sycomorus Miq (Moraceae). African Journal. 4(4): 524-528.
Ajaib, M. dan Khan, Z.U. (2012). Bischofia javanic : A New Record To The Flora
of Pakistan. Biologia (Pakistan). 58(1,2): 179-183.
Anief, M. (1999). Ilmu Meracik Obat, Teori Dan Praktik. Cet. 5. Yogyakarta:
Gadjah Mada University Press. Hal. 107,169.
Anwar, H.J. (2000). Farmakologi dan Terapi Obat-obatan Saluran Cerna.
Jakarta: Penerbit Hipokrates. Hal. 15-17.
Bachheti, R.K., Indra, R., dan Archana, J. (2013). Chemical Composition, Mineral
and Nutritional Value of Wild Bischofia javanica seed. Intenasional Food
Research Journal. 20(4): 1747-1751.
Clinton, C.N.D. (2009). Plant tannins: A novel approach to the treatment of
ulcerative colitis. Natural Medicine Journal. 2: 1-3.
Depkes. (1979). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid III. Jakarta: Depkes RI. Hal.
155-171.
Depkes. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia. Edisi Keenam. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Hal. 323-325.
Depkes. (2000). Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta:
Depkes RI. Hal. 1, 9-12, 17.
Ditjen POM. (1979). Farmakope Indonesia. Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Hal. 9, 33, 649, 696.
Ditjen POM. (1995). Materia Medika Indonesia. Jilid VI. Jakarta: Depkes RI.
Hal. 300-306, 323-326.
Di Carlo, G., Autore, G., Izzo, A.A., Maiolino, P., Mascolo, N., Viola, P., Diurno,
M.V., dan Capasso, F. (1993). Inhibition of Intestinal Motility and
Secretory by Flavonoids in Mice and Rats: Structure Activity
Relationships. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 45(12): 10541059.
Farnsworth, N.R. (1966). Biologycal and Phytochemical Screening of Plants.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 55(3): 262-264.
45
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Fauci, A.S. (2008). Harrison’s principle of internal medicine. Edisi XVII. New
York: Mc Graw Hill. Hal. 249-250.
Friedman, S.L., Kenneth, Mc R.Q., Grendell, J.H. (2003). Current Diagnostic &
Treatment in Gastroenterology. Edisi II. New York: Mc Graw Hill. Hal.
301-308.
Goodman, S.L., dan Gilman, A. (1996). The Pharmacological Basis of
Therapeutics. Edisi kesembilan. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Hal. 927.
Harbone, J.B. (1987). Metode Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa
Tumbuhan. Penerjemah Kosasih Padmawinata. Edisi Kedua. Bandung:
ITB Press. Hal. 147-148, 281.
Harmida, Vivin, F.Y., dan Sarno. (2011). Studi Etnofitomedika di Desa Lawang
Agung Kecamatan Mulak Ulu Kabupaten Lahat Sumatera Selatan. Jurnal
Penelitian Sains. 14(1): 14110.
Ikawati, Z. (2008). Pengantar Farmakologi Molekuler. Yogyakarta:
Mada University Press. Hal. 50, 78-81.
Gadjah
Jeejeebhoy, K.N. (1977). Symposium on Diarrhea Definition and Mechanisms of
diarrhea. Scientific Section. CMA Journal. 116: 737-739.
Katzung, B.G. (2001). Farmakologi: Dasar dan Klinik. Edisi Pertama. Jakarta:
Salemba Medika. Hal. 984-985.
Kumar, R. (2001) Chemical and Biochemical Nature of Fodder Tree Tannins.
Journal of Agricultural and food chemistry. 31: 1364-1366.
Lutterodt, G.D. (1989). Inhibition of Gastrointestinal Release of Acetylcholine by
Quercetin as a Possible Mode of Action of Psidium guajara leaf Extracts
in the Treatment
of Acute Diarrhoea Disease. Journal
Ethnopharmacology. 23: 235-247.
Markham, K.R. (1988). Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoida. Bandung: ITB-Press.
Hal. 1-8.
McPhee, S.J., dan Papadakis, M.A. (2007). Current Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment. Edisi XLVI. USA: Mc Graw Hill. Hal. 559-560.
Nurdjanah, N., dan Christina, W. (2005). Peluang Tanaman Rempah dan Obat
Sebagai Sumber Pangan Fungsional. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian. 24(2): 4755.
46
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Otshudi, L.A., Vercruysse, A., dan Foriers A. (2000). Contribution to the
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of
Traditionally Used Medicinal Plant in the Treatment of Dysentery and
Diarrhoea in Lomela Area, Democratic Republik of Congo (DRC),
Journal of Ethnopharmacol. 71(3): 411-23.
Pradhan K.B. dan Badola K.H. (2008). Ethnomedicinal Plant Use by Lepcha
Tribe of Dzongu Valley, Bordering Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve,
in North Sikkim India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.
4(22): 1-18.
Rajbongshi, P.P., Kamaruz, Z., Sangeeta, B., dan Simanti, D. (2014). A Review
on Traditional Use and Phytopharmacological Potential of Bischofia
javanica Blume. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Review and Research. 24(2): 24-29.
Robert, M.K. dan Nelson, W.E. (2007). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Edisi
XVIII. Philadelphia: Sauders. Hal. 1613-1616.
Robinson, T. (1995). Kandungan Organik Tumbuhan Tinggi. Edisi Keenam.
Bandung: Penerbit ITB. Hal. 191.
Sardjono, Santoso, dan Dewoto. (1995). Analgesik Opioid dan Antagonis. dalam
Farmakologi dan Terapi. Edisi 4. Jakarta. FK-UI. Hal. 200.
Sari., L.O.R.K. (2006). Pemanfaatan Obat Tradisional Dengan Pertimbangan
Manfaat Dan Keamanan. Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian. 3(1): 1-7.
Seed Leaflet. (2012). Bischofia javanica Blume. Copenhagen Forest &
Landscape Denmark. 157.
Suharyono. (1991). Diare Akut Klinik dan Laboratorik. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Hal. 1-2.
Sundari, D., Yun, A.N., dan Budi, N. (2005). Uji Khasiat Antidiare Ekstrak Daun
Sendok (Plantago major Linn.) Pada Tikus Putih. Media Litbang
Kesehatan. 15(3): 19-23.
Sutharson, L., Nath, L.K., Kar, P.K., Shila E.B., dan Rajan J.V. (2009). Free
Radical Scavenging Activity of Leaves of Bischofia javanica Blume and
Fraxinus Floribunda Wallich. Pharmacologyonline. 19(7): 5150-5156.
Teke, G.N., Kuiate, J.R., Ngouateu, O.B, dan Gatsing, D. (2007). Antidiarrhoel
and antimicrobial Activities Of Emilia cocconea (Sims) G Don Extracts.,
Journal Of Ethno-Pharmacology. 112(1): 278-283.
47
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tan, H.T., dan Rahardja, K. (2007) Obat-Obat Penting, Khasiat, Penggunaan
dan Efek Sampingnya, Edisi Keempat. Cet. 1. Jakarta: PT. Elex Media
Computindo. Hal. 288-289, 296-297.
Trease, G.E. dan Evans, W.C. (1983). Pharmacognosy. Edisi Keduabelas.
London: Bailliere Tindal. Hal. 376-380.
Vogel, H. (2002). Drug Discovery and Evaluation. Frankfurt: Springer. Hal. 875878.
Wells, B.G. (2006). Pharmacotherapy Handbook. Edisi Keenam. Singapore: The
Mc Graw Hill Companies. Hal. 222-227.
WHO. (1992). Quality Control Methods For Medical Plant Materials. Geneva:
World Healt Organization. Hal. 31-33.
Winda, G.E. (2010). Uji Efek Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Salam
(Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) Terhadap Mencit Jantan. Skripsi
Medan: Fakultas Farmasi USU.
48
Universitas Sumatera Utara