Aplikasi Bahan Organik dan Biochar untuk Meningkatkan C-Organik, P dan Zn Tersedia pada Tanah Sawah Berkadar P Tinggi
ABSTRAK
Lahan sawah yang terus menerus dipupuk secara intensif
menggunakan pupuk anorganik dengan dosis yang tinggi dapat
menyebabkan terjadinya kemunduran produktivitas lahan. Hal ini dapat
diatasi dengan pemberian bahan organik dan meminimalisasi pemberian
pupuk anorganik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
pengapikasian bahan organik terhadap peningkatan C –Organik, P –
tersedia, dan Zn – tersedia di tanah sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah
kaca dan Laboratorium Riset dan Teknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas
Sumatera Utara, dimulai pada bulan Maret 2016 sampai Juli 2016. Sampel
tanah diambil di desa Lau Dendang, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai.
Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap
(RAL) non faktorial dengan delapan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yakni P0
(Kontrol), P1 (Pupuk Kandang 10 ton/ha), P2 ( Biochar Sekam Padi 10
ton/ha), P3 (Kompos Jerami 10 ton/ha), P4 (Pupuk Kandang + Biochar
Sekam Padi 20 ton/ha), P5 (Pupuk Kandang + Kompos Jerami 20 ton/ha),
P6 (Biochar Sekam Padi + Kompos Jerami 20 ton/ha), dan P7 (Pupuk
Kandang + Biochar Sekam Padi + Kompos Jerami 30 ton/ha). Parameter
yang diamati adalah pH tanah, C – organik tanah, P – tersedia tanah, Zn –
tersedia tanah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot kering tajuk, P- Daun,
Zn –daun, serapan P, dan serapan Zn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
pengaplikasian bahan organik meningkatkan P – tersedia tanah, C –
Organik, dan P – daun. Bahan organik berupa kompos jerami memiliki nilai
tertinggi pada parameter C – Organik, P – tersedia dan Zn tersedia. Hasil
penelitian ini juga menggambarkan bahwa unsur P dan Zn mempunyai
hubungan antagonis.
Kata Kunci : Zn – tersedia , P - tersedia, C – Organik, bahan organik, tanah
sawah
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The yield of rice crops that have been fertilized intensively by used
inorganic fertilizer with high dose can caused decline of land productivity.
The purpose of this research was to know the effect of organic matter
application to increasing organic carbon, phospate available, and zinc
available in paddy soil. This experiment was conducted in glass house and
Laboratory of Research and Technology Agriculture Faculty Univesity of
North Sumatera, Medan from March 2016 until July 2016. Soil samples
were took at Lau Dendang village, Serdang Bedagai district. The research
used non factorial randomized complete design with eight treatments and
three replications, they are P0 (control), P1 (cow manure 10 ton/ha), P2
(rice husk biochar 10 ton/ha), P3 (straw compost 10 ton/ha), P4 (cow
manure + rice husk biochar 20 ton/ha), P5 (cow manure + straw compost
20 ton /ha), P6 (rice husk biochar + straw compost 20 ton/ha), and P7(cow
manure + rice husk biochar + straw compost 30 ton/ha).Parameters
observed are include soil pH, soil organic carbon, P – available, Zn –
available, plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, P – plant, Zn –
plant, P- uptake, and Zn - uptake . The result showed that application of
organic matter was increased soil P – available, carbon organic, and P –
plant. Straw compost has the highest value of the parameter C - Organic, P
- available and Zn- available. The result also described that P and Zn have
an antagonistic correlation.
Key word : Zn- available, P- available, organic carbon, organic matters,
paddy soil
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Lahan sawah yang terus menerus dipupuk secara intensif
menggunakan pupuk anorganik dengan dosis yang tinggi dapat
menyebabkan terjadinya kemunduran produktivitas lahan. Hal ini dapat
diatasi dengan pemberian bahan organik dan meminimalisasi pemberian
pupuk anorganik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh
pengapikasian bahan organik terhadap peningkatan C –Organik, P –
tersedia, dan Zn – tersedia di tanah sawah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah
kaca dan Laboratorium Riset dan Teknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas
Sumatera Utara, dimulai pada bulan Maret 2016 sampai Juli 2016. Sampel
tanah diambil di desa Lau Dendang, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai.
Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap
(RAL) non faktorial dengan delapan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yakni P0
(Kontrol), P1 (Pupuk Kandang 10 ton/ha), P2 ( Biochar Sekam Padi 10
ton/ha), P3 (Kompos Jerami 10 ton/ha), P4 (Pupuk Kandang + Biochar
Sekam Padi 20 ton/ha), P5 (Pupuk Kandang + Kompos Jerami 20 ton/ha),
P6 (Biochar Sekam Padi + Kompos Jerami 20 ton/ha), dan P7 (Pupuk
Kandang + Biochar Sekam Padi + Kompos Jerami 30 ton/ha). Parameter
yang diamati adalah pH tanah, C – organik tanah, P – tersedia tanah, Zn –
tersedia tanah, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot kering tajuk, P- Daun,
Zn –daun, serapan P, dan serapan Zn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
pengaplikasian bahan organik meningkatkan P – tersedia tanah, C –
Organik, dan P – daun. Bahan organik berupa kompos jerami memiliki nilai
tertinggi pada parameter C – Organik, P – tersedia dan Zn tersedia. Hasil
penelitian ini juga menggambarkan bahwa unsur P dan Zn mempunyai
hubungan antagonis.
Kata Kunci : Zn – tersedia , P - tersedia, C – Organik, bahan organik, tanah
sawah
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
The yield of rice crops that have been fertilized intensively by used
inorganic fertilizer with high dose can caused decline of land productivity.
The purpose of this research was to know the effect of organic matter
application to increasing organic carbon, phospate available, and zinc
available in paddy soil. This experiment was conducted in glass house and
Laboratory of Research and Technology Agriculture Faculty Univesity of
North Sumatera, Medan from March 2016 until July 2016. Soil samples
were took at Lau Dendang village, Serdang Bedagai district. The research
used non factorial randomized complete design with eight treatments and
three replications, they are P0 (control), P1 (cow manure 10 ton/ha), P2
(rice husk biochar 10 ton/ha), P3 (straw compost 10 ton/ha), P4 (cow
manure + rice husk biochar 20 ton/ha), P5 (cow manure + straw compost
20 ton /ha), P6 (rice husk biochar + straw compost 20 ton/ha), and P7(cow
manure + rice husk biochar + straw compost 30 ton/ha).Parameters
observed are include soil pH, soil organic carbon, P – available, Zn –
available, plant height, number of tillers, shoot dry weight, P – plant, Zn –
plant, P- uptake, and Zn - uptake . The result showed that application of
organic matter was increased soil P – available, carbon organic, and P –
plant. Straw compost has the highest value of the parameter C - Organic, P
- available and Zn- available. The result also described that P and Zn have
an antagonistic correlation.
Key word : Zn- available, P- available, organic carbon, organic matters,
paddy soil
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara