Isolasi Natrium Alginat Dari Talus Rumput Laut Coklat Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard

ISOLASI NATRIUM ALGINAT DARI TALUS RUMPUT LAUT
COKLAT Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard
ABSTRAK
Rumput laut coklat mengandung beberapa polisakarida yang berbeda
antara lain asam alginat (alginat), laminaran (laminarin) dan fukoidan (fukan
sulfat).Rumput laut coklat jenis Sargassum sp. satu-satunya alga coklat sebagai
komoditi ekspor setelah alga merah.Alginat adalah salah satu jenis polisakarida
yang terdapat dalam dinding sel alga coklat dengan kadar mencapai 40% dari total
berat kering dan memegang peranan penting dalam mempertahankan struktur
jaringan sel alga coklat. Alginat pada industri farmasi digunakan untuk pembuatan
suspensi, emulsifier, stabilizer, tablet, salep, kapsul, plester dan filter.Tujuan
penelitian untuk mengetahuirendemen serta karakteristik natrium alginat yang
diperoleh dari isolasi talus rumput laut coklat.
Rumput laut coklat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Sargassum
ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard yang telah diisolasi fukoidannya.Tahapan
penelitianmeliputi penyiapan bahan tumbuhan, karakterisasi simplisia, skrining
fitokimia, isolasi, dan identifikasi senyawa natrium alginat secara
spektrofotometri UV danFourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR).Proses isolasi
alginat dibagi dalam tiga tahap, yaitu tahap praekstraksi,isolasi, dan pembuatan
natrium alginat.
Hasil karakteristik simplisia darirumput laut coklat Sargassum ilicifolium

(Turner) C. Agardsecara makroskopik berbentuk talus, berwarna coklat
kehitaman, berbau khas, dan tidak berasa. Secara mikroskopik serbuk simplisia
memperlihatkan adanya sel parenkim, sel parenkim berisi pigmen coklat, sel
propagule bersel satu, sel propagule bersel dua, dan sel propagule bersel tiga.
Kadar air simplisia 7,20%, kadar sari larut air 64,59%, kadar sari larut etanol
5,38%, kadar abu total 28,06%, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 1,86%. Identifikasi
hasil isolasi senyawa natrium alginat secara spektrofotometri UV dan FTIRbentuk
spektrum dan kurva yang sama dengan baku pembanding menunjukkan bahwa
senyawa ini adalah natrium alginat. Rendemen natrium alginat yang diperoleh dari
isolasi 19,4%. Hasil karakteristik natrium alginat yang dihasilkan antara lain susut
pengeringan 12,14%, kadar abu total 47,05%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 6,43%,
dan viskositas 25 cps. Hasil karakteristik natrium alginat secara UV panjang
gelombang 258,60 nm dan secara FTIR mempunyai gugus hidroksil (O-H), C-H
alifatik, karbonil (C=O), ikatan C-O-H, dan ikatan C-O-C.
Kata kunci: Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard, rumput laut coklat, isolasi,
alginat.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara


ISOLATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE FROM BROWN
ALGAE Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard
ABSTRACT
Brown seaweed contains several different polysaccharides include
alginic acid (alginate), laminaran (laminarin) and fucoidan (sulfate fucan). Brown
seaweed Sargassum sp. isthe only brown algae as an export commodity after the
red algae. Alginate is one of type polysaccharide found in the cell walls of brown
algae with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight and plays an important role
in maintaining tissue structureof brown algae. In the pharmaceutical industry,
alginate is used to manufacture the suspension, emulsifier, stabilizer, tablets,
ointments, capsules, plasters and filter. The purpose of this study was to
determine the yield and characteristics of sodium alginate derived from brown
seaweed insulation talus.
Brown seaweedwas used in this study wasSargassum ilicifolium
(Turner) C. Agard which have been isolated its fucoidan. Stages of research were
include plant materials preparation, characterization powder of dried of
Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard, phytochemical screening, isolation, and
identification of compounds sodium alginate with UV spectrophotometry and
Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Process of alginate isolation weredivided

into three stages,praekstraction stage, isolation, and the manufacture of sodium
alginate.
Results of powder of dried of Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard
characteristics of brown seaweed Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard
macroscopically shaped thallus, blackish brown color, distinctive smell, and
tasteless. Microscopically dust simplicia showed parenchymal cells, parenchyma
cells contained brown pigment, single celled propagule cells, cell-celled propagule
two and three-celled propagule cells. The water content of 7.20% bulbs, water
soluble extract content of 64.59%, ethanol soluble extract content of 5.38%, total
ash content of 28.06%, and acid insoluble ash content of 21.86%. Identification of
the isolated compound sodium alginate spectrophotometry UV and FTIR spectra
and curve shapes are the same as the reference standard indicates that the
compound is sodium alginate. The yield of sodium alginate obtained from the
isolation of 19.4%.The results of the characteristics of sodium alginate was
obtained include drying shrinkage 12.14%, 47.05% total ash, acid insoluble ash
content of 6.43%, and a viscosity of 25 cps. The results of the characteristics of
sodium alginate was 258.60 nm wavelength UV and FTIR had hydroxyl group
(O-H), C-H aliphatic, carbonyl (C = O), the C-O-H, and the C-O-C.
Keywords :Sargassum ilicifolium (Turner) C. Agard, brown seaweed, isolation,
alginate.


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Universitas Sumatera Utara