Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Perlindungan Sumber Daya Alam (SDA) Masyarakat Asli menurut Hukum Internasional dan Penerapannya di Indonesia.
TANGGUNG JAWAB NEGARA DALAM PERLINDUNGAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM
(SDA) MASYARAKAT ASLI MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DAN
PENERAPANNYA DI INDONESIA
Siska Widya Lestari
110113080209
Abstrak
Masyarakat asli memiliki hubungan istimewa dengan sumber daya alam mereka.
Sistem pengetahuan penduduk asli telah memungkinkan masyarakat asli untuk
menggunakan, mengelola dan melindungi sumber daya alam di tanah mereka. Konsep
sumber daya alam biasanya mencakup keseluruhan wilayah yang mereka gunakan,
termasuk hutan, sungai, gunung dan laut, baik permukaan maupun di bawah
permukaan. Lingkungan tempat mereka tinggal adalah dasar kelangsungan hidup
ekonomi, kesejahteraan spiritual dan identitas budaya mereka. Pemerintah memiliki
tugas untuk melindungi hak-hak masyarakat asli dan memiliki tanggung jawab
mendasar untuk memastikan bahwa hak masyarakat asli terhadap sumber daya alam
milik mereka diterapkan secara penuh. Instrumen hukum internasional telah banyak
yang mengatur hak-hak masyarakat asli, salah satunya adalah UNDRIP yang menjadi
standar minimum pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat asli dan telah dipraktekan oleh
banyak negara. Apakah pengaturan hukum internasional telah cukup memadai tentang
perlindungan hak masyarakat asli atas sumber daya alam? Bagaimana penerapan
pengaturan hukum internasional tersebut kedalam sistem hukum di Indonesia?
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan adalah yuridis normatif
dimana penelitian banyak didasarkan pada pengkajian terhadap data-data sekunder,
berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier.
Setelah dilakukan penelitian, maka Penulis memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa
kebijakan yang dibuat negara/pemerintah dalam pemenuhan tanggung jawabnya
kepada masyarakat asli atas hak-hak sumber daya alam (SDA) merupakan salah satu
indikasi bahwa UNDRIP relevan diterapkan di Indonesia. Walaupun demikian Indonesia
tidak menerapkan UNDRIP karena adanya ketidaksamaan konsep masyarakat asli
menurut definisi UNDRIP di Indonesia. Hak penentuan nasib sendiri (self
determinations) bagi masyarakat aslipun menjadi alasan Indonesia untuk tidak
menerapkan UNDRIP, dikhawatiran dapat terbentuknya penentuan nasib sendiri secara
eksternal, padahal hak penentuan nasib sendiri yang dimiliki masyarakat asli adalah
hak penentuan nasib sendiri secara internal yang hanya dapat dilakukan dalam batas
negara.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY ON PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS
IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
Siska Widya Lestari
110113080209
Abstract
Indigenous peoples have a special relationship with their natural resources.
Indigenous knowledge systems has allowed indigenous people to use, manage and
protect the natural resources on their land resource concept usually covers the entire
area that they use, including forests, rivers, mountains and sea, both surface and
subsurface. The environment in which they live is a basic economic survival, and
spiritual well-being of their cultural identity. Governments have a duty to protect and
promote the rights of indigenous people in the country. The state has a fundamental
responsibility to ensure that the rights of indigenous peoples to their natural resources
belong is fully apply. International legal instruments have much to regulate the rights of
indigenous communities, one of which is the UNDRIP is the standard minimum
fulfillment of the rights of indigenous communities and has been practiced by many
countries. Indigenous peoples rights over natural resources is one of the rights
stipulated by the UNDRIP. Is the setting of international law has been quite adequate
protection of the rights of indigenous people over natural resources? How does the
application of international law setting into the legal system in Indonesia?
The method of research used in writing is normative where much research is
based on the assessment of secondary data, such as primary legal materials,
secondary and tertiary .
After doing research, the author came to the conclusion that the policy made by
the state/government in fulfilling its responsibilities to indigenous peoples rights over
natural resources theirs is one indication that the relevant UNDRIP implemented in
Indonesia, and in line with existing arrangements in the UNDRIP. Nevertheless,
Indonesia does not implement the UNDRIP because the concept of indigenous peoples
is lack of unanimity by definition UNDRIP in Indonesia. The right of self-determination is
the reason Indonesian Customary for not implementing UNDRIP potential concern
would be the formation of self-determination externally, The right of self-determination of
indigenous peoples who possessed the right is internally can only be done within
national borders.
(SDA) MASYARAKAT ASLI MENURUT HUKUM INTERNASIONAL DAN
PENERAPANNYA DI INDONESIA
Siska Widya Lestari
110113080209
Abstrak
Masyarakat asli memiliki hubungan istimewa dengan sumber daya alam mereka.
Sistem pengetahuan penduduk asli telah memungkinkan masyarakat asli untuk
menggunakan, mengelola dan melindungi sumber daya alam di tanah mereka. Konsep
sumber daya alam biasanya mencakup keseluruhan wilayah yang mereka gunakan,
termasuk hutan, sungai, gunung dan laut, baik permukaan maupun di bawah
permukaan. Lingkungan tempat mereka tinggal adalah dasar kelangsungan hidup
ekonomi, kesejahteraan spiritual dan identitas budaya mereka. Pemerintah memiliki
tugas untuk melindungi hak-hak masyarakat asli dan memiliki tanggung jawab
mendasar untuk memastikan bahwa hak masyarakat asli terhadap sumber daya alam
milik mereka diterapkan secara penuh. Instrumen hukum internasional telah banyak
yang mengatur hak-hak masyarakat asli, salah satunya adalah UNDRIP yang menjadi
standar minimum pemenuhan hak-hak masyarakat asli dan telah dipraktekan oleh
banyak negara. Apakah pengaturan hukum internasional telah cukup memadai tentang
perlindungan hak masyarakat asli atas sumber daya alam? Bagaimana penerapan
pengaturan hukum internasional tersebut kedalam sistem hukum di Indonesia?
Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan adalah yuridis normatif
dimana penelitian banyak didasarkan pada pengkajian terhadap data-data sekunder,
berupa bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier.
Setelah dilakukan penelitian, maka Penulis memperoleh kesimpulan bahwa
kebijakan yang dibuat negara/pemerintah dalam pemenuhan tanggung jawabnya
kepada masyarakat asli atas hak-hak sumber daya alam (SDA) merupakan salah satu
indikasi bahwa UNDRIP relevan diterapkan di Indonesia. Walaupun demikian Indonesia
tidak menerapkan UNDRIP karena adanya ketidaksamaan konsep masyarakat asli
menurut definisi UNDRIP di Indonesia. Hak penentuan nasib sendiri (self
determinations) bagi masyarakat aslipun menjadi alasan Indonesia untuk tidak
menerapkan UNDRIP, dikhawatiran dapat terbentuknya penentuan nasib sendiri secara
eksternal, padahal hak penentuan nasib sendiri yang dimiliki masyarakat asli adalah
hak penentuan nasib sendiri secara internal yang hanya dapat dilakukan dalam batas
negara.
STATE RESPONSIBILITY ON PROTECTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES ACCORDING TO INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ITS
IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIA
Siska Widya Lestari
110113080209
Abstract
Indigenous peoples have a special relationship with their natural resources.
Indigenous knowledge systems has allowed indigenous people to use, manage and
protect the natural resources on their land resource concept usually covers the entire
area that they use, including forests, rivers, mountains and sea, both surface and
subsurface. The environment in which they live is a basic economic survival, and
spiritual well-being of their cultural identity. Governments have a duty to protect and
promote the rights of indigenous people in the country. The state has a fundamental
responsibility to ensure that the rights of indigenous peoples to their natural resources
belong is fully apply. International legal instruments have much to regulate the rights of
indigenous communities, one of which is the UNDRIP is the standard minimum
fulfillment of the rights of indigenous communities and has been practiced by many
countries. Indigenous peoples rights over natural resources is one of the rights
stipulated by the UNDRIP. Is the setting of international law has been quite adequate
protection of the rights of indigenous people over natural resources? How does the
application of international law setting into the legal system in Indonesia?
The method of research used in writing is normative where much research is
based on the assessment of secondary data, such as primary legal materials,
secondary and tertiary .
After doing research, the author came to the conclusion that the policy made by
the state/government in fulfilling its responsibilities to indigenous peoples rights over
natural resources theirs is one indication that the relevant UNDRIP implemented in
Indonesia, and in line with existing arrangements in the UNDRIP. Nevertheless,
Indonesia does not implement the UNDRIP because the concept of indigenous peoples
is lack of unanimity by definition UNDRIP in Indonesia. The right of self-determination is
the reason Indonesian Customary for not implementing UNDRIP potential concern
would be the formation of self-determination externally, The right of self-determination of
indigenous peoples who possessed the right is internally can only be done within
national borders.