Isolasi dan Elusidasi Struktur Kimia Senyawa Alkaloida Dari Buah Ranti Hitam (Solanum blumei Nees ex Blume) Yang Bersifat Anti Kanker
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Akhtar, M.S and M. Muhammad, 1989, Evaluation of The Gastric Antiulcerogenic
Effects of Solanum Species of Economic Importance, Ann Missouri Bot.
Gard., 75(3) : 8.
Akubugwo, Obasi dan Ginika, 2008, Mineral and phytochemical contents in leaves of
Amaranthus hybridus L and Solanum nigrum L. subjected to different
processing methods, African Journal of Biochemistry Research Vol.2 (2),
pp. 040-044, ISSN 1996-0778.
Alberts., B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, J. D. Watson, 1994, Cancer in
Molecular Biology of the Cell, Gerland Publishing Inc., New York, 1255 –
1272
Ames, B. N., 1979, Identifying Environmental Chemical Cousing Mutations and
Cancer, Science : 204-587.
An Lei, Tang Jin-tian, Liu Xin-min, Gao Nan-nan, 2006, Review About Mechanism
of anti-cancer of Solanum nigrum, China J. Chinese Materia Medica 31
(15): 1225-1226.
Anonim, 2013, Ranti, http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranti, diakses tanggal 24/03/2013.
Atanu, F., Ebiloma, U., dan Ajayi, E., 2011, A Riview of The Pharmacological
Aspects of Solanum nigrum Linn, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
Review, Vol. 6 (1), pp 001-007, January 2011, ISSBN 1538-2273.
Bauguess, C.T.Y., Lee, J.w., Kosh, J.E.Wynn, 1981, Comparison of Quantitation
Methods For L1210 Cell Population and Evaluation of Selected Cytotoxic
Agent in Leukimia Mice, J. Pharm.Sci.pp 46-48.
Bishop, J. M. and Harold E. Varmus, 1991, Molecular Themes in Oncogenesis, Cell
64 : 235-248.
Bulan, R., 2002, Lantaden XR Glikosida, Suatu Komponen Daun Lantana camara L
yang Sitotoksik Terhadap Lini Sel L1210 (Disertasi). Bandung : Institut
Teknologi Bandung.
Cannell, Richard JP, 1998, Natural Products Isolation, Humana Press, Totowa New
Jersey, ISBN 0-89603-362-7.
Cordell, GA, 2000, Biodiversity and Drug Discovery-A Symbiotic Relationship,
Phytochemistry 55 : 463-480.
David R. Lawson, Terrence P. Green, LeRoy W. Haynes and A. Raymond Miller,
1997, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of
Solanidine, Leptinidine and Acetylleptinidine Steroidal Alkaloids from
Solanum chacoense Bitter, J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45, 4122-4126.
Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2000, Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi V, Jakarta : Direktorat
Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.
Eagle, H., and Foley, G.E., 1958, Cytotoxicity in Human Cell Cultures as A Primary
Screen For The Detection of Antitumor Agents. Cancer Res. 18, pp 10171025.
Feng, J., Fun, W.D., Wang, S. S., Weinrich, S., L., 1995, The RNA Component of
Human Telomerase, Science 296 : 1236-1241.
Fowler, M., 1983, Comercial Application and Economic Aspect of Mass Plant Cell
Cancer. Plant Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press, England.
Gritter, R.J., Bobbitt, J.,M., Schwarting, A. E., 1991, Pengantar Kromatografi,
Penerbit ITB Bandung, ISBN 979-8001-45-1.
Greider, C. And Blackburn, E, 1996, Telomeres, Telomerase and Cancer, Sci. Am.
274 (2) : 80-85.
Haniffa, Dhasarathan dan Dhanuskodi, 2011, Evaluation of Immunostimulant
Potensial of Solanum nigrum L Using Fish, Etroplus suratensis Challenged
with Aphanomyces invadens, International Journal of Pharma and Bio
Sciences, Vol.2/Issue 1/Jan-Mar : B429- B435, 2011, ISSN 0975-6299.
Harborne, J. B., (1996), Metoda Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa
Tumbuhan, Terbitan ke-2, Terjemahan Kosasih Padmawinata dan Iwang
Soediro, ITB, Bandung.
Hirota, A., Taki., S., Kawaii, S., Yano, M. And Abe, N. 2000.1,1-Diphenyl2Picrylhydrazyl Radical-Scavenging Compounds From Soybean Miso and
Antiproliferative Activity of Isoflavones From Soybean Miso Towaard The
Cancer Cell Lines. Biosci. Biotechnol.Biochem.64(5).pp 1038-1040.
Kabayan,M.,(2009),Leuncabisajinakkankanker,http://www.kasundaan.org/id/index.p
hp?option=com_content&view=article&id=114:leuncakanker&catid=64:herbal&Itemid=97, diakses tanggal 23/04/2012.
Kartika, R., T. Barus, R. Surbakti, P. Simanjuntak. 2014. Structure Charaterization of
Alkaloid Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc (Olacaceae). Asian Journal of
Chemistry Vol 26 No. 18, p. 6047-6049
Khopkar, S.M., 1990, Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik, Alih Bahasa Saptorahardjo,A.
UI Press, Jakarta.
Kumalaningsih, S., 2006, Antioksidan Alami, Trubus Agrisarana, Surabaya.
Langkilde S., Schroder M., Stewart D., Meyer O., Conner S., Davies H. And Poulsen
M., β008, Acute Toxicity of High Doses of the Glycoalkaloids, α-Solanin
and α-Chaconine, in the Syrian Golden Hamster, J. Agric. Food Chem.,
2008, 56 8753-8760.
Lehninger, A., 1988, Dasar-dasar Biokimia, jilid 1, Alih Bahasa Thenawidjaja,
Erlangga, Jakarta.
Lin HM., Tseng HC. And Wang CJ, 2007, Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis by
The Extract of Solanum nigrum Linn in HepG2 cells. J. Agric. Food Chem
55 : 3620-3628.
Medi, C.,2010,Leukimia Limfosit Akut. http://medicastore.com/
penyakit/48/Leukimia_Mieloid_akut. html. Diakses 8 Agustus 2012.
Meyer, B.N., Ferrigni, N.R., Putnam, J. E., Jacobsen, L.B., Nicholas, D.E., and
Mclaughlin, J.L. , 1982, Brine Shrimp : a conventient general bioassay for
active plant constituents. Planta Medika. Vol. 45 ; 1982. Hal. 31 – 4.
Montgomery, R., Dryer, R.L., Conway, T.W., Arthur, A.S.,, 1993, Biochemistry : A
Case- Oriented Appoach. J. Cu Mosby Company.
Molyneux, P.,2004, The Use of Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
For Estimating Antioxidant Activity Songklanakarin, J. Sci. Technol. 26(2)
pp 211-219.
Mulyadi. 1997. Kanker : Karsinogen, Karsinogenesis & Antikanker. PT. Tiara
Wacana Yogya. Hal. 95.
Munchberg, U., Anwar, A., Susanne, Mecklenburg, C.J., 2007, Polysulfides as
Biologically Active Ingredients of Garlic.
Mohy-Ud-Din, A., Khan,Z., Ahmad, and M., Kashmiri, M.A., 2010,
Chemotaxonomic value of Alkaloids in Solanum nigrum complex, Pakistan
Journal of Botany, 42(1): 653-660, 2010.
National
Cancer
Institute.
2008,
Drug
Approved
for
Leukimia,
http://www.cancer,gov.cancertopics/druginfo/leukimia.Diakses04 Mei 2010.
National
Cancer
Institute.
2012.
Normal
and
Cancer
Cell.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File :Normal_cancer_division_from_NIH-2.svg.
Diakses 04 Mei 2012.
Okazaki, T and Ogawa,T ,1980,Okazaki Fragments and Their Implication For
Mechanism of DNA Replication. Anuual Review of Biochemistry 49:421457.
Pare, J.R. and Belanger, J.M.R., 1997,Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis, USU.
Perkel, J., 2002, Telomeres As Key to Cancer, The Scientist, May 27 : 38-40.
Pindur, U., Haber, M. and Sattler, K., 1993, Antitumor Active Drugs As Intercalators
of DNA, J. Chem. Educ. 70 : 263-272.
Prima I dan Raditya, (2012), CRC Farmasi UGM-Leunca (Solanumnigrum L.)
diakses
tanggal
http://www.ccrc.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/?page_id=2339,
24/03/2012.
Saiz-Urra, L., Perez-Castillo, Y., Gonzalez, M.P., Ruiz, R., Corderio, M., RodriguezBorges, J., Garcia, X., 2009. Theoretical Prediction On Antiproliferative
Activity Againts Murine Leukimia Tumor Cell Line (L1210). 3D-Morse
Descriptor and Its Application in Computational Chemistry, QSAR
Combinational Sci. 28 (1).pp 98-110.
Salmon, S. E. and Sartorelli, A.,C., 1998, Cancer Chemoteraphy Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology, Departement of Pharmacology University of California, San
Fransisco, pp 881-884.
Schraml, J dan Bellama, J.M., 1990, Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy, Jhon
Willey & Sons Publication, New York, pp, 220.
Shabana M., Salama M., Ezzat SM, and Ismail LR.,2013, In Vitro and In Vivo
Anticancer Activity of the Fruit Peels of Solanum melongena L. against
Hepatocellular Carcinoma, J. Carcinogene Mutagene, 4:3 ISSN : 21571518 JCM.
Siaw, We Lie, 1998, Keep Healthy With Flowers and Herbs, Ski Fai TaiPublishing,
Taipeh Taiwan.
Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F., Kiemie,D., 2005, Spectrometric Identification of
Organic Compounds, Seventh Edition, John Wiley & Son Inc., New York.
Simorangkir Murniaty, Ribu Surbakti, Tonel Barus, dan Partomuan Simanjuntak,
2013, Analisis Fitokimia Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun dan Buah
Solanum blumei Ness ex Blume Lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia
2013, Peranan Kimia dalam Karakteristik, Pengawasan, Penggunaan dan
Pengolahan Bahan kimia serta Sumber Daya Alam, 6 September 2013.
Medan, USU Press, 2013, ISBN : 979-458-692-7, hal 303-311.
Soultanas, P. And Wigley, D., 2001, Unwinding the Gordian Kuot of Helicase
Action, Trends Biochem. Sci. 26: 140-142.
Sridhar TM, Josthna P, Naidu CV, 2011, In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and
Phytochemical Analysis of Solanum nigrum (Linn.)-An Important Antiulcer
Medicinal Plant, Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2(8): 2011; 24-29.
Steven, M. and Molyneux, R. 1993, Bioactive Natural Products, CRC Press Boca
Raton Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 1985, pp 3-14.
Suffiness, M., Pezzuto, J.M., 1991, Assays Realted to Cancer Drug Discovery in To
Methods in Plant Biochemistry, 6, pp 71-124.
Wahyuono, S. dan A. Rachman, 1995, Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia
dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Majalah Farmasi Indonesia 6 (4) : 108112.
Wang, L. J. H., Yen, H. L. Liang and M. J. Wu, β00γ, “Antioxidant Effect of ethanol
Extract from Lotus Plumule and Blossom (Nelumbo nucifera Gertn), Journal of Food
and Drug Analysis, Vol. 11 No. 1 : 60-66.
Watson., J., Hopkins, N., Robetrs, J., Steitz, J., Weiner, A., 1988, Molecular Biology
of The Gen, The Benjamin Cumming Publishing Company Inc. , Calofornia,
USA, pp 25-34.
Yu, W., 1995, Chinese Medicine Anticancer, He Bhing Tusku Hai Fung Publishing,
Hongkong.
Yuan, F., Chev D., Liu, K., 1999, Antiestrogenic Activities of Indole-3 Carbinol in
Cervical Cells, Implication for Prevention of Cervical Canver, An Cancer Ress,
1999 : 19 : 1673-1680.
Ziyin, S. and Zelin, C., 1λλ4, “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, The Commercial Press
Hongkong.
Zhang, G., Wu, H., Zhu, B., Shimoishi, Y., Nakamura, Y., and Murata, Y., 2008,
Effect of Dimethyl Sulfides on The Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukimia
Jurkat Cell and HL-60 Cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 72 (11). Pp 29662972.
Akhtar, M.S and M. Muhammad, 1989, Evaluation of The Gastric Antiulcerogenic
Effects of Solanum Species of Economic Importance, Ann Missouri Bot.
Gard., 75(3) : 8.
Akubugwo, Obasi dan Ginika, 2008, Mineral and phytochemical contents in leaves of
Amaranthus hybridus L and Solanum nigrum L. subjected to different
processing methods, African Journal of Biochemistry Research Vol.2 (2),
pp. 040-044, ISSN 1996-0778.
Alberts., B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K. Roberts, J. D. Watson, 1994, Cancer in
Molecular Biology of the Cell, Gerland Publishing Inc., New York, 1255 –
1272
Ames, B. N., 1979, Identifying Environmental Chemical Cousing Mutations and
Cancer, Science : 204-587.
An Lei, Tang Jin-tian, Liu Xin-min, Gao Nan-nan, 2006, Review About Mechanism
of anti-cancer of Solanum nigrum, China J. Chinese Materia Medica 31
(15): 1225-1226.
Anonim, 2013, Ranti, http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranti, diakses tanggal 24/03/2013.
Atanu, F., Ebiloma, U., dan Ajayi, E., 2011, A Riview of The Pharmacological
Aspects of Solanum nigrum Linn, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
Review, Vol. 6 (1), pp 001-007, January 2011, ISSBN 1538-2273.
Bauguess, C.T.Y., Lee, J.w., Kosh, J.E.Wynn, 1981, Comparison of Quantitation
Methods For L1210 Cell Population and Evaluation of Selected Cytotoxic
Agent in Leukimia Mice, J. Pharm.Sci.pp 46-48.
Bishop, J. M. and Harold E. Varmus, 1991, Molecular Themes in Oncogenesis, Cell
64 : 235-248.
Bulan, R., 2002, Lantaden XR Glikosida, Suatu Komponen Daun Lantana camara L
yang Sitotoksik Terhadap Lini Sel L1210 (Disertasi). Bandung : Institut
Teknologi Bandung.
Cannell, Richard JP, 1998, Natural Products Isolation, Humana Press, Totowa New
Jersey, ISBN 0-89603-362-7.
Cordell, GA, 2000, Biodiversity and Drug Discovery-A Symbiotic Relationship,
Phytochemistry 55 : 463-480.
David R. Lawson, Terrence P. Green, LeRoy W. Haynes and A. Raymond Miller,
1997, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of
Solanidine, Leptinidine and Acetylleptinidine Steroidal Alkaloids from
Solanum chacoense Bitter, J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45, 4122-4126.
Departemen Kesehatan RI, 2000, Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi V, Jakarta : Direktorat
Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan.
Eagle, H., and Foley, G.E., 1958, Cytotoxicity in Human Cell Cultures as A Primary
Screen For The Detection of Antitumor Agents. Cancer Res. 18, pp 10171025.
Feng, J., Fun, W.D., Wang, S. S., Weinrich, S., L., 1995, The RNA Component of
Human Telomerase, Science 296 : 1236-1241.
Fowler, M., 1983, Comercial Application and Economic Aspect of Mass Plant Cell
Cancer. Plant Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press, England.
Gritter, R.J., Bobbitt, J.,M., Schwarting, A. E., 1991, Pengantar Kromatografi,
Penerbit ITB Bandung, ISBN 979-8001-45-1.
Greider, C. And Blackburn, E, 1996, Telomeres, Telomerase and Cancer, Sci. Am.
274 (2) : 80-85.
Haniffa, Dhasarathan dan Dhanuskodi, 2011, Evaluation of Immunostimulant
Potensial of Solanum nigrum L Using Fish, Etroplus suratensis Challenged
with Aphanomyces invadens, International Journal of Pharma and Bio
Sciences, Vol.2/Issue 1/Jan-Mar : B429- B435, 2011, ISSN 0975-6299.
Harborne, J. B., (1996), Metoda Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisa
Tumbuhan, Terbitan ke-2, Terjemahan Kosasih Padmawinata dan Iwang
Soediro, ITB, Bandung.
Hirota, A., Taki., S., Kawaii, S., Yano, M. And Abe, N. 2000.1,1-Diphenyl2Picrylhydrazyl Radical-Scavenging Compounds From Soybean Miso and
Antiproliferative Activity of Isoflavones From Soybean Miso Towaard The
Cancer Cell Lines. Biosci. Biotechnol.Biochem.64(5).pp 1038-1040.
Kabayan,M.,(2009),Leuncabisajinakkankanker,http://www.kasundaan.org/id/index.p
hp?option=com_content&view=article&id=114:leuncakanker&catid=64:herbal&Itemid=97, diakses tanggal 23/04/2012.
Kartika, R., T. Barus, R. Surbakti, P. Simanjuntak. 2014. Structure Charaterization of
Alkaloid Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc (Olacaceae). Asian Journal of
Chemistry Vol 26 No. 18, p. 6047-6049
Khopkar, S.M., 1990, Konsep Dasar Kimia Analitik, Alih Bahasa Saptorahardjo,A.
UI Press, Jakarta.
Kumalaningsih, S., 2006, Antioksidan Alami, Trubus Agrisarana, Surabaya.
Langkilde S., Schroder M., Stewart D., Meyer O., Conner S., Davies H. And Poulsen
M., β008, Acute Toxicity of High Doses of the Glycoalkaloids, α-Solanin
and α-Chaconine, in the Syrian Golden Hamster, J. Agric. Food Chem.,
2008, 56 8753-8760.
Lehninger, A., 1988, Dasar-dasar Biokimia, jilid 1, Alih Bahasa Thenawidjaja,
Erlangga, Jakarta.
Lin HM., Tseng HC. And Wang CJ, 2007, Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis by
The Extract of Solanum nigrum Linn in HepG2 cells. J. Agric. Food Chem
55 : 3620-3628.
Medi, C.,2010,Leukimia Limfosit Akut. http://medicastore.com/
penyakit/48/Leukimia_Mieloid_akut. html. Diakses 8 Agustus 2012.
Meyer, B.N., Ferrigni, N.R., Putnam, J. E., Jacobsen, L.B., Nicholas, D.E., and
Mclaughlin, J.L. , 1982, Brine Shrimp : a conventient general bioassay for
active plant constituents. Planta Medika. Vol. 45 ; 1982. Hal. 31 – 4.
Montgomery, R., Dryer, R.L., Conway, T.W., Arthur, A.S.,, 1993, Biochemistry : A
Case- Oriented Appoach. J. Cu Mosby Company.
Molyneux, P.,2004, The Use of Stable Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)
For Estimating Antioxidant Activity Songklanakarin, J. Sci. Technol. 26(2)
pp 211-219.
Mulyadi. 1997. Kanker : Karsinogen, Karsinogenesis & Antikanker. PT. Tiara
Wacana Yogya. Hal. 95.
Munchberg, U., Anwar, A., Susanne, Mecklenburg, C.J., 2007, Polysulfides as
Biologically Active Ingredients of Garlic.
Mohy-Ud-Din, A., Khan,Z., Ahmad, and M., Kashmiri, M.A., 2010,
Chemotaxonomic value of Alkaloids in Solanum nigrum complex, Pakistan
Journal of Botany, 42(1): 653-660, 2010.
National
Cancer
Institute.
2008,
Drug
Approved
for
Leukimia,
http://www.cancer,gov.cancertopics/druginfo/leukimia.Diakses04 Mei 2010.
National
Cancer
Institute.
2012.
Normal
and
Cancer
Cell.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File :Normal_cancer_division_from_NIH-2.svg.
Diakses 04 Mei 2012.
Okazaki, T and Ogawa,T ,1980,Okazaki Fragments and Their Implication For
Mechanism of DNA Replication. Anuual Review of Biochemistry 49:421457.
Pare, J.R. and Belanger, J.M.R., 1997,Instrumental Methods in Food Analysis, USU.
Perkel, J., 2002, Telomeres As Key to Cancer, The Scientist, May 27 : 38-40.
Pindur, U., Haber, M. and Sattler, K., 1993, Antitumor Active Drugs As Intercalators
of DNA, J. Chem. Educ. 70 : 263-272.
Prima I dan Raditya, (2012), CRC Farmasi UGM-Leunca (Solanumnigrum L.)
diakses
tanggal
http://www.ccrc.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/?page_id=2339,
24/03/2012.
Saiz-Urra, L., Perez-Castillo, Y., Gonzalez, M.P., Ruiz, R., Corderio, M., RodriguezBorges, J., Garcia, X., 2009. Theoretical Prediction On Antiproliferative
Activity Againts Murine Leukimia Tumor Cell Line (L1210). 3D-Morse
Descriptor and Its Application in Computational Chemistry, QSAR
Combinational Sci. 28 (1).pp 98-110.
Salmon, S. E. and Sartorelli, A.,C., 1998, Cancer Chemoteraphy Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology, Departement of Pharmacology University of California, San
Fransisco, pp 881-884.
Schraml, J dan Bellama, J.M., 1990, Two Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy, Jhon
Willey & Sons Publication, New York, pp, 220.
Shabana M., Salama M., Ezzat SM, and Ismail LR.,2013, In Vitro and In Vivo
Anticancer Activity of the Fruit Peels of Solanum melongena L. against
Hepatocellular Carcinoma, J. Carcinogene Mutagene, 4:3 ISSN : 21571518 JCM.
Siaw, We Lie, 1998, Keep Healthy With Flowers and Herbs, Ski Fai TaiPublishing,
Taipeh Taiwan.
Silverstein, R.M., Webster, F., Kiemie,D., 2005, Spectrometric Identification of
Organic Compounds, Seventh Edition, John Wiley & Son Inc., New York.
Simorangkir Murniaty, Ribu Surbakti, Tonel Barus, dan Partomuan Simanjuntak,
2013, Analisis Fitokimia Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Daun dan Buah
Solanum blumei Ness ex Blume Lokal. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia
2013, Peranan Kimia dalam Karakteristik, Pengawasan, Penggunaan dan
Pengolahan Bahan kimia serta Sumber Daya Alam, 6 September 2013.
Medan, USU Press, 2013, ISBN : 979-458-692-7, hal 303-311.
Soultanas, P. And Wigley, D., 2001, Unwinding the Gordian Kuot of Helicase
Action, Trends Biochem. Sci. 26: 140-142.
Sridhar TM, Josthna P, Naidu CV, 2011, In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and
Phytochemical Analysis of Solanum nigrum (Linn.)-An Important Antiulcer
Medicinal Plant, Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2(8): 2011; 24-29.
Steven, M. and Molyneux, R. 1993, Bioactive Natural Products, CRC Press Boca
Raton Ann Arbor, London, Tokyo, 1985, pp 3-14.
Suffiness, M., Pezzuto, J.M., 1991, Assays Realted to Cancer Drug Discovery in To
Methods in Plant Biochemistry, 6, pp 71-124.
Wahyuono, S. dan A. Rachman, 1995, Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia
dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), Majalah Farmasi Indonesia 6 (4) : 108112.
Wang, L. J. H., Yen, H. L. Liang and M. J. Wu, β00γ, “Antioxidant Effect of ethanol
Extract from Lotus Plumule and Blossom (Nelumbo nucifera Gertn), Journal of Food
and Drug Analysis, Vol. 11 No. 1 : 60-66.
Watson., J., Hopkins, N., Robetrs, J., Steitz, J., Weiner, A., 1988, Molecular Biology
of The Gen, The Benjamin Cumming Publishing Company Inc. , Calofornia,
USA, pp 25-34.
Yu, W., 1995, Chinese Medicine Anticancer, He Bhing Tusku Hai Fung Publishing,
Hongkong.
Yuan, F., Chev D., Liu, K., 1999, Antiestrogenic Activities of Indole-3 Carbinol in
Cervical Cells, Implication for Prevention of Cervical Canver, An Cancer Ress,
1999 : 19 : 1673-1680.
Ziyin, S. and Zelin, C., 1λλ4, “Traditional Chinese Medicine”, The Commercial Press
Hongkong.
Zhang, G., Wu, H., Zhu, B., Shimoishi, Y., Nakamura, Y., and Murata, Y., 2008,
Effect of Dimethyl Sulfides on The Induction of Apoptosis in Human Leukimia
Jurkat Cell and HL-60 Cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem, 72 (11). Pp 29662972.