Pemanfaatan Serbuk Serat Ampas Tebu Termodifikasi sebagai Pengisi Komposit Hibrid Plastik Bekas Kemasan Gelas/Serat Ampas Tebu/Serat Kaca dengan Penambahan Bahan Penyerasi Maleat Anhidrida - g - Polipropilena

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

  [1]

  B. Mohebby, P. Fallah - Moghadam, A. R. Ghotbifar, S. Kazemi - Najafi,“Influence of maleic - anhydride - polypropylene (MAPP) on wettability of polypropylene/wood flour/glass fiber hybrid composites

  ,” J Agr Sci Tech , 13 2011 : 877 - 884. [2] Marco Valente, Fabrizio Sarasini, Francesco Marra, Jacopo Tirilló,

  Giovanni Pulci,“Hybrid recycled glass fiber/wood flour thermoplastic composites : manufacturing and mechanical characterization ,” Composites : Part A , 42 2011 : 649 -657.

  [3] Tribun Manado.“Produksi Sampah Plastik Indonesia 5,4 Juta Ton per Tahun.” 2014, http : www.manado.tribunnews.com. Diakses pada 29 Agustus 2014.

  [4] Shigeru Yao, Aya Tominaga, Youhei Fujikawa, Hiroshi Sekiguchi dan Eiichi Takatori,“Inner Structure and Mechanical Properties of Recycled Polypropylene,” Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi, 41(3) 2013 : 173 - 178.

  [5] Halimatuddahliana, Buku Ajar Pengenalan Teknologi Polimer(Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2008), hal. 32 - 42, 47 - 48. [6] M. A. Al - Maadeed, Yasser M. Shabana, P. Noorunnisa Khanam,

  “Processing, characterization and modeling of recycled polypropylene/glass fibre/wood flour composites, ” Materials and Design 582014: 374 - 380.

  [7] Shubhalakshmi Sengupta, Pulakesh Maity, Dipa Ray, Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay

  ,“Stearic acid as coupling agent in fly ash reinforced recycled polypropylene matrix composites: Structural, mechanical, and thermal characterizations,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science 130 2013 : 1996 - 2004.

  [8] Muhammad R. Islam, Mohammad D. H . Beg, Arun Gupta,“Characterization of laccase - treated kenaf fibre reinforced recycled polypropylene composites ,” BioResources 8(3) 2013: 3753 - 3770.

  [9]

  F. Hernández - Sánchez, P. J. Herrera Franco ,“Electrical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene - carbon black composites

  ,” Polymer Bulletin 45 2001: 509 - 516.

  [10] Arun Kumar Gupta, Manoranjan Biswal, S. Mohanty, S. K.

  Nayak,“Mechanical, thermal degradation, and flammability studies on surface modified sisal fiber reinforced re cycled polypropylene composite,” Advances in Mechanical Engineering , 2012 2012.

  [11] B. Bodzay, M. Fejos, K. Bocz, A. Toldy, F. Ronkay, Gy Marosi ,“Upgrading of recycled polypropylene by preparing f lame retarded layered composite,” eXPRESS Polymer Letters , 6 (11) 2012 : 895 - 902.

  [12] Maneesh Tewari, V. K. Singh, P. C. Cope, Arun K. Chaudhary, “Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Bagasse -

  Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite,” J Mater. Environ. Sci , 3(1) 2012: 171 - 184.

  [13] Xu F, Sun J. X, Liu C. F, Sun R. C,“Comparative Study of alkali and acidic organic - soluble hemicellulose polysaccharides from sugarcane bagasse,” Carbohydrate Research, 341 2006: 253 - 261. [14] B. Ramara j,“Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene/

  Sugarcane Bagasse Composites,” Wiley Inter Science, 103 2007 : 3827 - 3832.

  [15]

D. Nabi Saheb dan J. P. Jog,“Natural Fiber Polymer Composites : A Review,” Advances in Polymer Technology,18 (4) 1999: 351 - 363.

  [16] Y. Cao, S. Shibata, I. Fukumoto,“Mechanical properties of biodegradable composites reinforced with bagasse fibre before and after alkali treatments,” Composites Part A : applied science and manufacturing, 2006 : 423 - 249.

[17] Saira Taj, Munawar Ali Munawar, Shafiullah Khan Natural fiber -

  ,“

  reinforced polymer composites,” Proc Pakistan Acad Sci, 44 (2) 2007 : 129 - 144. [18] Mariana Etcheverry, Silvia E . Barbosa,“Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene mechanical properties enhancement by adhesion improvement

  ,” Materials, 5 2012 : 1084 - 1113.

  [19] L. Quintanilla, M. Alonso, J. C. Rodríguez - Cabello, J. M. Pastor, “Structural analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber: Thermal behavior and correlation between PA - FTIR and DSC measurements ,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 59(5) 1996 : 769 - 774.

  [20] Suzhu Yu, Peter Hing,“Thermal and dielectric properties of fiber reinforced polystyrene composites,” Polymer composites, 29 (11) 2008: 1199 - 1202.

  [21] P. X. Nguyen, A . Moet,“Fatigue fracture of short-glass-fiber-reinforced poly(vinyl chloride): A cra ck layer approach,” Journal of Vinyl Technology, 7 (4)1985: 140 - 149.

  [22] S. M. Luz, A. R. Goncalves, A. P. Del’Arco Jr, “Mechanical behavior and microstructural analysis of sugarcane bagasse fibers reinforced polypropylene composites,” Composites Part A : applied science and manufacturing 2007 : 1455 - 1461.

  [23] Sonia M. B. Nachtigall, Graziela S. Cerveira, Simone M. L . Rosa,“New polymeric - coupling agent for polypropylene/wood - flour composites,” Polymer Testing , 26 2007: 619 - 628.

  [24] Vidya Gupta, Shailemdra Kumar,“The Superior Coupling Agent for Glass Filled Polypropylene Composites,” Pluss Polymers Pvt. Ltd 2011.

  [25] Behzad Kord,“Effects of compatabilizer and nanolayered silicate on physical and mechanical properties of PP/bagasse composites,” Turk J Agric

  For , 36 2012: 510 - 517.

  [26] Alireza Ashori, Amir Nourbakhsh, Ali Kazemi Tabrizi,“Thermoplastic Hybrid Composites using Bagasse, Corn Stalk and E - glass Fibers : Fabrication and Characterization,” Polymer - Plastics Technology and Engineering , 53 2014: 1 - 8.

  [27] J. P. Agrawal, Composite Materials, (Delhi : Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Center, 1990), hal. 9 - 10, 17 - 18, 25 - 27. [28] Bryan Harris, Engineering Composite Materials, (London : The Institute of Materials, 1999), hal. 20 - 24. [29] Charles A. Harper, Handbook of Plastics, Elastomers and Composites, (New York : McGraw Hill, Edisi Keempat, 2004), hal. 53 - 55, 336 - 341. [30] Halimatuddahliana, Pengenalan Teknologi Komposit Polimer Matriks, (Medan : Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2012), hal. 18.

  [31] Anil K. Bhowmick dan Howard L. Stephens, Handbook of Elastomers, (New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc, Edisi Kedua, 2001), hal. 241 - 242. [32] Klaus Friedrich, Stoyko Fakirov dan Zhong Zhang, Polymer Composites from Nano - to Macro - Scale , (New York : Springer, 2005), hal. 314. [33] M. Jawaid dan H. P. S

  . Abdul Khalil,“Cellulosic/synthetic fibre reinforced polymer hybrid composites : A review, ” Carbohydrate Polymers, 86 2011: 1 - 18.

  [34] Maulida.“Kajian Terhadap Hibrid Komposit Berasaskan Gentian Lignoselulosik.” Tesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2001.

  [35] Asrima Herbi Tamba. “Sifat Kelenturan Komposit Hibrid Serat Gelas - Coremat dengan Matrik Poliester 157 BQTN -

  EX.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011. [36]

  Ririsma Mutiha P. “Ketahanan Papan Komposit dari Limbah Batang Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) dan Plastik Polipropilena Terhadap Cuaca.

  ” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010. [37] Fauzi Febrianto, Dina Setyawati, Myrtha Karina, Edi Suhaimi Bakar, dan

  Yusuf Sudo Hadi, “Influence of Wood Flour and Modifier Contents on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour - Recycle Polypropylene Composites,” Journal of Biological Sciences, 6 (2) 2006: 337 - 343.

  [38] Scott Bader Company Ltd. Crystic Composites Handbook, (New York : Scott Bader, Edisi Keenam Belas, 2005), hal. 11. [39] Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat. Composites Materials Handbook

  : Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage, Design and Analysis ,

  (Amerika Serikat : Departemen Pertahanan, Volume Ketiga, 2002), hal. 8, 12. [40] Frederick T Wallenberger, James C Watson, and Hong Li, PPG Industries, Inc. Composites, (New York : ASM International, Volume 21, 2001), hal.

  78. [41]

  Neni Juli Astuti.“Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Genteng Polimer Menggunakan Aspal dan Polypropilen dengan Variasi Komposisi dan Serat Nanas Terorientasi.” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2012.

  [42] Muha mmad Saleh Arifin Rambe.“Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Papan Partikel dari Campuran Resin Polyester dan Serat Ampas Tebu.

  ” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011. [43]

  Ade Apriliani.“Pemanfaatan Arang Ampas Tebu Sebagai Adsorben Ion Logam Cd, Cr, Cu dan Pb dalam Air Limbah.” Skripsi, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, 2010.

  [44] Elmer Surya.“Pengaruh Komposisi Serat Tandan Kosong Sawit Sebagai Bahan Pengisi pada Komposit Poliester Tidak Jenuh.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2013.

  [45] Maulida.“Campuran Limbah Padat Organik dan Anorganik Pulp Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Mikrokomposit Termoplastik Poliolefin.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010.

  [46] Erna Frida. “Penggunaan Anhidrida Maleat - Grafted - Polipropilena (AM - g - PP) dan Anhidrida Maleat - Grafted - Karet Alam (AM - g - KA) pada Termoplastik Elastomer (TPE) Berbasis Polipropilena, Kompon Karet Alam SIR - 20 dan Serbuk Ban Bekas.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.

  [47] Nurdin Bukit.“Pengolahan Zeolit Alam Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Nano Komposit Polipropilena dan Karet Alam SIR - 20 dengan Kompatibiliser Anhidrida Maleat - Grafted -

  Polipropilena.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011. [48]

  Sheyla Senari Barus. “Sintesa N,N (Di - 2 - Mono Etil Maleat) Palmitamida Hasil Esterifikasi N,N (Di - 2 - Etanol) Palmitamida dengan Anhidrida Maleat.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2014.

  [49] Jumirah. “Pembuatan Komposit Terbiodegradasikan dari Polipropilena, Polipropilena Tergrafting Maleat Anhidrida dan Pati Biji Cempedak.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2013.

  [50] Reni Silvia Nasution. “Pengaruh Konsentrasi Maleat Anhidrida Terhadap Derajat Grafting Maleat Anhidrida pada Polipropilena Terdegradasi dengan Inisiator Benzoil Peroksida.” Skripsi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2010.

  [51] Nahlom Dahlan Mar paung. “Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Komposit Polietilena Densitas Rendah (LDPE).” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011.

  [52] Lely Risnawaty Daulay. “Adhesi Penguat Serbuk Pulp Tandan Kosong Sawit Teresterif ikasi dengan Matriks Komposit Polietilena.” Disertasi, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2009.

  [53] P.L okantara, N. P. G. Suardana, “Studi Perlakuan Serat Serta Penyerapan Air Terhadap Kekuatan Tarik Komposit Tapis Kelapa/

  Polyester,”Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin CakraM , 3 (1)2009 : 49 - 56. [54]

  Mhd Zulham Efendi Sinaga. “Perbandingan Sifat Matriks Komposit Polimer Selulosa Asetat Sintetis dan Selulosa Asetat Komersial yang Divariasikan dengan Polipropilena sebagai Bahan Kemasan.” Tesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara, 2011. [55] IQS Directory, “Polypropylene Tanks.” 2014,http : www.iqsdirectory.com.

  Diakses pada 29 Agustus 2014. [56] Indiamart, “PP FRP Tanks.” 2014,http : www.catalogs.indiamart.com.

  Diakses pada 29 Agustus 2014. [57] Tuty Dwi Sriaty Matondang, Basuki Wirjosentono, Darwin Yunus,

  “Pembuatan Plastik Kemasan Terbiodegradasikan dari Polipropylena Tergrafting Maleat Anhidrida dengan Bahan Pengisi Pati Sagu Kelapa Sawit,”ISSN, 3 (2) 2013 : 110 - 116.

  [58] Donald L. Pavia, Gary M. Lampman, dan George S. Kriz, Introduction to

  Spectroscopy , (New York : Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning, Edisi Ketiga, 2001), hal. 26.

  [59]

H. Salmah, C. M. Ruzaidi dan A. G. Supri, “Compatibilisation of

  Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer/Kaolin Composites : The Effect of Maleic Anhydride - Grafted -

  Polypropylene,” Journal of Physical Science , 20 (1) 2009 : 99 - 107. [60] Ajay Karmarkar, S. S. Chauhan, Jayant M. Modak, dan Manas Chanda,

  “Mechanical properties of wood - fiber reinforced polypropylene composites : Effect of a novel compatibilizer with isocyanate functional group,” Composites Part A, 38 2007 : 277 - 233.

  [61] A. Arbelaiz, B. Fernandez, J. A. Ramos, A. Retegi, R. Liano - Ponte, dan I.

  Mondragon, “Mechanical properties of short flax fibre bundle/polypropylene composites : Influence of matrix/fibre modification, fibre content, water uptake and recycling,” Composites Science and Technology , 65 2005 : 1582 - 1592.

  [62] M. S. Sreekala, Jayamol George, M. G. Kumaran dan Sabu Thomas, “The mechanical performance of hybrid phenol - formaldehyde - based composites reinforced with glass and oil palm fibers,” Composites Science and Technology ,62 2002 : 339 - 353.

  [63] Anand R. Sanadi, Daniel F. Caulfield, Rodney E. Jacobson, Roger M.

  Rowell. “Renewable agricultural fibers as reinforcing fillers in plastics : Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre - polypropylene composites,”

  Industrial Engineering Chemical Resource , 34 1995 : 1889 - 1896.

  [64] Chengzhi Chuai, Kristoffer Almdal, Lars Poulsen, David Plackett. “Conifer fibers as rein forcing materials for polypropylene based composites,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 80 2001 : 2833 - 2841.

  [65] Y. A. El - Shekeil, S. M. Sapuan, dan M. W. Algrafi, “Effect of fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of cocoa pod husk fibers reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites,” Materials and Design , 64 2014 : 330 - 333.

  [66] Ali I. Al - Mosawi, Moslem M. Ali, dan Salim J. Abbas, “Using of Ansys

  Program to Calculate the Mechanical Properties of Advanced Fibers Reinforced

  Composite,” The Iraqi Journal for Mechanical and Material Engineering , 12 (4) 2012. [67] H. Altenbach, J. Altenbach, dan W. Kissing, Mechanics of Composite Structural Elements , (New York : Springer, 2004), hal. 9. [68] Suhara Panthapulakkal dan Mohini Sain

  , “Injection - Molded Short Hemp Fiber/Glass Fiber - Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composites - Mechanical, Water Absorption and Thermal Properties,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 103 2007 : 2432 - 2441.

  [69] N. M. Stark, R. E. Rowlands, “Effects of wood fiber characteristics on mechanical properties of wood/polypropylene composites,” Wood Fiber

  Science , 35 2003 : 167 - 174.

  [70] Chern Chiet Eng, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Norhazlin Zainuddin, Hidayah Ariffin dan Wan Md. Zin Wan Yunus, “Impact Strength and Flexural Properties Enhancement of Methacrylate Silane Treated Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber Reinforced Biodegradable Hybrid Composites,” The Scientific World Journal , 2014.

  [71] Sanjay K. Nayak dan Smita Mohanty, “Sisal Glass Fiber Reinforced PP Hybrid Composites : Effect of MAPP on the Dynamic Mechanical and Thermal Properties,” Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2009.

Dokumen yang terkait

1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang - Penyelesaian Kredit Pembelian Sepeda Motor Bermasalah(Studi Kasus Pt. Federal International Finance Cabang Medan)

0 0 15

Pemilihan Supplier Dan Alokasi Pemesanan Bahan Baku Di Pt Latexindo Toba Perkasa Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Ahp, Topsis, Dan Molp

1 2 36

BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN - Pemilihan Supplier Dan Alokasi Pemesanan Bahan Baku Di Pt Latexindo Toba Perkasa Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Ahp, Topsis, Dan Molp

0 1 47

BAB I PENDAHULUAN - Pemilihan Supplier Dan Alokasi Pemesanan Bahan Baku Di Pt Latexindo Toba Perkasa Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy Ahp, Topsis, Dan Molp

0 0 9

2.1. Forensik Digital - Identifikasi Tipe File Dari File Fragment Menggunakan Longest Common Subsequences (Lcs)

0 2 20

Hubungan Supervisi Kepala Ruangan dengan Pelaksanaan Prinsip “Enam Benar” Pemberian Obat yang Dilakukan Perawat di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan

1 1 35

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1. Supervisi - Hubungan Supervisi Kepala Ruangan dengan Pelaksanaan Prinsip “Enam Benar” Pemberian Obat yang Dilakukan Perawat di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan

0 0 19

Hubungan Supervisi Kepala Ruangan dengan Pelaksanaan Prinsip “Enam Benar” Pemberian Obat yang Dilakukan Perawat di RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan

2 1 12

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Landasan Teori 2.1.1 Teori Keagenan (Agency Theory) - Analisis Pengaruh Kualitas Audit, Opini Audit Tahun Sebelumnya dan Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Penerimaan Opini Audit Going Concern Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan yang Ter

0 0 26

Pemanfaatan Serbuk Serat Ampas Tebu Termodifikasi sebagai Pengisi Komposit Hibrid Plastik Bekas Kemasan Gelas/Serat Ampas Tebu/Serat Kaca dengan Penambahan Bahan Penyerasi Maleat Anhidrida - g - Polipropilena

0 0 19