Hubungan Menonton Televisi dengan Kegiatan Mengemil pada Anak Obesitas di Sekolah Dasar Harapan Medan
HUBUNGAN MENONTON TELEVISI DENGAN KEGIATAN MENGEMIL
PADA ANAK OBESITAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR HARAPAN MEDAN
OLEH:
SHIVA SHANKER A/L MATHAVEN
120100519
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
Universitas Sumatera Utara
HUBUNGAN MENONTON TELEVISI DENGAN KEGIATAN MENGEMIL
PADA ANAK OBESITAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR HARAPAN MEDAN
Karya Tulsan Ilmiah ni sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh
Kelulusan Sarjana Kedokteran
OLEH:
SHIVA SHANKER A/L MATHAVEN
120100519
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Kemajuan dalam pertelevisian terutama dengan berkembangnya beberapa stasiun
televisi akan berpengaruh kepada intensitas menonton dan berkurangnya aktivitas
fisik anak serta energi yang dikeluarkan sedikit. Hal ini cenderung akan
menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan berat badan dan berlanjut menjadi obesitas. Untuk
itu diadakan penelitian tentang hubungan menonton televisi dengan kegiatan
mengemil pada anak obesitas di SD Harapan Medan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas menonton
televisi dengan kegiatan mengemil pada anak obesitas di SD Harapan Medan.
Aktivitas menonton televisi diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner
dan obesitas diukur dengan BMI. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 orang
dan analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji independensi Chi-Square.
Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh, intensitas menonton televisi anak dengan kategori
ringan yaitu 16% jauh berbeda dengan kategori berat yaitu 60%. Kegiatan ngemil,
sebahagian besar berada pada kategori selalu mengkonsumsi snack yaitu 66%.
Kegiatan membeli makanan di luar rumah, persentase yang tinggi pada frekuensi < 2
kali yaitu 73%. Setelah dianalisa dengan statistik, maka didapatkan hubungan yang
bermakna antara aktivitas menonton televisi dengan kegiatan mengemil pada anak
obesitas di SD Harapan Medan.
Berdasarkan hal di atas, disarankan kepada anak didik agar mengatur waktu
menonton televisi dan mengubah kebiasaan ngemil dengan makanan yang lebih baik.
Kepada guru, dianjurkan meningkatkan penyuluhan gizi seimbang pada anak didik
dalam program UKS, serta orang tua disarankan untuk meningkatkan perhatian dalam
hal pengaturan waktu dan makanan bagi anak, sedangkan bagi pegelola TV agar lebih
selektif dalam menayangkan iklannya, termasuk iklan makanan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Abstract
Advances in television, especially with the development of several television stations
will affect the intensity of watching and reduced physical activity of children and
little energy expended. This is likely to lead to weight gain and continue to be obesity.
For that, a research had been conducted in the relationship of watching television
and snacking activity of obesity children in SD Harapan Medan.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the activity of
watching television with the snacking activity in obesity children in SD Harapan
Medan. Activity watching television and snacking activity interview obtained by using
questionnaires while the obesity measured by BMI. The number of samples in this
study were 100 people and data analysis performed by using Chi-square a test of
independence. From the results obtained, the intensity of watching television a child
with mild category is 16% far different from the severe category which is 60%.
Snacking activities, mostly in the category always snacking which is 66%. Buying
food outside the home, the high percentage at a frequency < 2 times, namely 73%.
Having analyzed by statistically, there is a significant association between watching
television activity with snacking activity in obesity children in SD Harapan Medan
Based on the above, it is recommended to students to set the time watching television
and changing snacking habits with better food. Teachers are recommended by
increasing the balanced nutrition counseling to students in the UKS program, and
parents are advised to increase attention in terms of timing and food for children,
while for TV programmer be more selective in their advertising displays, including
the food advertising.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN............................................................................... i
ABSTRAK................................................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL....................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN........................................................................................... vii
Bab 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1.
Latar Belakang................................................................................................ 1
1.2.
Rumusan Masalah............................................................................................ 3
1.3.
Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................. 3
1.4.
Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................................... 4
Bab 2 Tinjauan Pustaka
2.1. Definisi dan Penyebab Obesitas........................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Faktor genetik.............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Faktor lingkungan......................................................................................... 6
2.2 Prevalensi Obesitas............................................................................................... 8
2.3 Diagnosis obesitas pada anak............................................................................... 10
2.4 Komplikasi........................................................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Terhadap kesehatan..................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Faktor Resiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular...................................................... 11
2.4.3 Saluran Pernafasan...................................................................................... 12
2.4.4 Diabetes Mellitus tipe-2.............................................................................. 12
2.4.5 Obstruktif Sleep Apnea.............................................................................. 12
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.5 Penatalaksanaan................................................................................................... 13
2.6 Pencegahan.......................................................................................................... 14
2.7 Media Televisi..................................................................................................... 15
2.8 Beberapa Penelitian yang Berkaitan dengan Pengaruh Televisi.......................... 16
2.8.1Intensitas menonton televisi......................................................................... 16
2.8.2 Pengaruh Iklan Makanan terhadap Pengetahuan Anak.............................. 17
Bab 3 KERANGKA KONSEP PENELITIAN DAN DEFINISI OPERASIONAL
3.1 Kerangka konsep.................................................................................................. 18
3.2 Definisi operasional.............................................................................................. 18
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Rancangan Penelitian.......................................................................................... 20
4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian.............................................................................. 20
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel........................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Populasi...................................................................................................... 20
4.3.2 Sampel........................................................................................................ 20
4.4 Tekhnik Pengumpulan Data................................................................................ 22
4.5 Tekhnik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data.............................................................. 22
4.5.1 Pengolahan data......................................................................................... 22
4.5.2 Analisa data................................................................................................ 23
Bab 5 HASIL PENELITIAN
5.1 Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................................. 24
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.1.1 Gambaran Umum Sekolah.............................................................................. 24
5.1.2 Gambaran Umum Responden......................................................................... 24
5.1.2.1 Jenis Kelamin......................................................................................... 24
5.1.2.2 Umur...................................................................................................... 25
5.1.2.3 Tingkat Obesitas..................................................................................... 25
5.1.3 Aktivitas Menonton Televisi........................................................................... 26
5.1.3.1 Intensitas Menonton Televisi................................................................. 26
5.1.3.2 Kegiatan Ngemil.................................................................................... 27
5.1.6 Hubungan Antara Dua Variabel..................................................................... 29
5.1.6.1 Hubungan Intensitas Menonton Televisi dengan Kegiatan Ngemil...... 29
5.2 Pembahasan....................................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 Aktivitas Menonton Televisi.......................................................................... 30
5.2.1.1 Intensitas menonton Televisi................................................................ 30
5.2.1.2 Kegiatan Ngemil................................................................................... 31
5.2.4 Hubungan Antara Dua Variabel.................................................................... 32
5.2.4.1 Hubungan Intensitas Menonton Televisi dengan kegiatan Ngemil.... 32
Bab 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1 Kesimpulan....................................................................................................... 33
6.2 Saran................................................................................................................. 34
Daftar Pustaka........................................................................................................ 35
Lampiran
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Gambar
Daftar gambar 3.1 ....................................................................................................20
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Tabel
Tabel 2.1 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 3.2................................................................................................................... 20
Tabel 5.1.1................................................................................................................ 24
Tabel 5.1.2................................................................................................................ 25
Tabel 5.1.3................................................................................................................ 25
Tabel 5.1.4................................................................................................................ 26
Tabel 5.1.5................................................................................................................ 27
Tabel 5.1.6................................................................................................................ 27
Tabel 5.1.7................................................................................................................ 28
Tabel 5.1.8................................................................................................................ 29
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Lampiran
Nomor
Judul
Lampiran 1
Daftar Riwayat Hidup
Lampiran 2
Lembar Penjelasan Kepada Calon Subjek Penelitian
Lampiran 3
Formulir Pengisian
Lampiran 4
Lembar Kuesionar
Lampiran 5
Master Data
Lampiran 6
Hasil Olah Data
Lampiran 7
Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 8
Komisi Etik
Lampiran 9
Rincian Biaya Penelitian
Universitas Sumatera Utara
PADA ANAK OBESITAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR HARAPAN MEDAN
OLEH:
SHIVA SHANKER A/L MATHAVEN
120100519
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
Universitas Sumatera Utara
HUBUNGAN MENONTON TELEVISI DENGAN KEGIATAN MENGEMIL
PADA ANAK OBESITAS DI SEKOLAH DASAR HARAPAN MEDAN
Karya Tulsan Ilmiah ni sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh
Kelulusan Sarjana Kedokteran
OLEH:
SHIVA SHANKER A/L MATHAVEN
120100519
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN
2015
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Kemajuan dalam pertelevisian terutama dengan berkembangnya beberapa stasiun
televisi akan berpengaruh kepada intensitas menonton dan berkurangnya aktivitas
fisik anak serta energi yang dikeluarkan sedikit. Hal ini cenderung akan
menyebabkan terjadinya kenaikan berat badan dan berlanjut menjadi obesitas. Untuk
itu diadakan penelitian tentang hubungan menonton televisi dengan kegiatan
mengemil pada anak obesitas di SD Harapan Medan.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas menonton
televisi dengan kegiatan mengemil pada anak obesitas di SD Harapan Medan.
Aktivitas menonton televisi diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner
dan obesitas diukur dengan BMI. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 100 orang
dan analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji independensi Chi-Square.
Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh, intensitas menonton televisi anak dengan kategori
ringan yaitu 16% jauh berbeda dengan kategori berat yaitu 60%. Kegiatan ngemil,
sebahagian besar berada pada kategori selalu mengkonsumsi snack yaitu 66%.
Kegiatan membeli makanan di luar rumah, persentase yang tinggi pada frekuensi < 2
kali yaitu 73%. Setelah dianalisa dengan statistik, maka didapatkan hubungan yang
bermakna antara aktivitas menonton televisi dengan kegiatan mengemil pada anak
obesitas di SD Harapan Medan.
Berdasarkan hal di atas, disarankan kepada anak didik agar mengatur waktu
menonton televisi dan mengubah kebiasaan ngemil dengan makanan yang lebih baik.
Kepada guru, dianjurkan meningkatkan penyuluhan gizi seimbang pada anak didik
dalam program UKS, serta orang tua disarankan untuk meningkatkan perhatian dalam
hal pengaturan waktu dan makanan bagi anak, sedangkan bagi pegelola TV agar lebih
selektif dalam menayangkan iklannya, termasuk iklan makanan.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Abstract
Advances in television, especially with the development of several television stations
will affect the intensity of watching and reduced physical activity of children and
little energy expended. This is likely to lead to weight gain and continue to be obesity.
For that, a research had been conducted in the relationship of watching television
and snacking activity of obesity children in SD Harapan Medan.
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the activity of
watching television with the snacking activity in obesity children in SD Harapan
Medan. Activity watching television and snacking activity interview obtained by using
questionnaires while the obesity measured by BMI. The number of samples in this
study were 100 people and data analysis performed by using Chi-square a test of
independence. From the results obtained, the intensity of watching television a child
with mild category is 16% far different from the severe category which is 60%.
Snacking activities, mostly in the category always snacking which is 66%. Buying
food outside the home, the high percentage at a frequency < 2 times, namely 73%.
Having analyzed by statistically, there is a significant association between watching
television activity with snacking activity in obesity children in SD Harapan Medan
Based on the above, it is recommended to students to set the time watching television
and changing snacking habits with better food. Teachers are recommended by
increasing the balanced nutrition counseling to students in the UKS program, and
parents are advised to increase attention in terms of timing and food for children,
while for TV programmer be more selective in their advertising displays, including
the food advertising.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN............................................................................... i
ABSTRAK................................................................................................................ ii
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL....................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN........................................................................................... vii
Bab 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1.
Latar Belakang................................................................................................ 1
1.2.
Rumusan Masalah............................................................................................ 3
1.3.
Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................................. 3
1.4.
Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................................... 4
Bab 2 Tinjauan Pustaka
2.1. Definisi dan Penyebab Obesitas........................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Faktor genetik.............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Faktor lingkungan......................................................................................... 6
2.2 Prevalensi Obesitas............................................................................................... 8
2.3 Diagnosis obesitas pada anak............................................................................... 10
2.4 Komplikasi........................................................................................................... 11
2.4.1 Terhadap kesehatan..................................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Faktor Resiko Penyakit Kardiovaskular...................................................... 11
2.4.3 Saluran Pernafasan...................................................................................... 12
2.4.4 Diabetes Mellitus tipe-2.............................................................................. 12
2.4.5 Obstruktif Sleep Apnea.............................................................................. 12
Universitas Sumatera Utara
2.5 Penatalaksanaan................................................................................................... 13
2.6 Pencegahan.......................................................................................................... 14
2.7 Media Televisi..................................................................................................... 15
2.8 Beberapa Penelitian yang Berkaitan dengan Pengaruh Televisi.......................... 16
2.8.1Intensitas menonton televisi......................................................................... 16
2.8.2 Pengaruh Iklan Makanan terhadap Pengetahuan Anak.............................. 17
Bab 3 KERANGKA KONSEP PENELITIAN DAN DEFINISI OPERASIONAL
3.1 Kerangka konsep.................................................................................................. 18
3.2 Definisi operasional.............................................................................................. 18
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Rancangan Penelitian.......................................................................................... 20
4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian.............................................................................. 20
4.3 Populasi dan Sampel........................................................................................... 20
4.3.1 Populasi...................................................................................................... 20
4.3.2 Sampel........................................................................................................ 20
4.4 Tekhnik Pengumpulan Data................................................................................ 22
4.5 Tekhnik Pengolahan dan Analisis Data.............................................................. 22
4.5.1 Pengolahan data......................................................................................... 22
4.5.2 Analisa data................................................................................................ 23
Bab 5 HASIL PENELITIAN
5.1 Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................................. 24
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.1.1 Gambaran Umum Sekolah.............................................................................. 24
5.1.2 Gambaran Umum Responden......................................................................... 24
5.1.2.1 Jenis Kelamin......................................................................................... 24
5.1.2.2 Umur...................................................................................................... 25
5.1.2.3 Tingkat Obesitas..................................................................................... 25
5.1.3 Aktivitas Menonton Televisi........................................................................... 26
5.1.3.1 Intensitas Menonton Televisi................................................................. 26
5.1.3.2 Kegiatan Ngemil.................................................................................... 27
5.1.6 Hubungan Antara Dua Variabel..................................................................... 29
5.1.6.1 Hubungan Intensitas Menonton Televisi dengan Kegiatan Ngemil...... 29
5.2 Pembahasan....................................................................................................... 30
5.2.1 Aktivitas Menonton Televisi.......................................................................... 30
5.2.1.1 Intensitas menonton Televisi................................................................ 30
5.2.1.2 Kegiatan Ngemil................................................................................... 31
5.2.4 Hubungan Antara Dua Variabel.................................................................... 32
5.2.4.1 Hubungan Intensitas Menonton Televisi dengan kegiatan Ngemil.... 32
Bab 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1 Kesimpulan....................................................................................................... 33
6.2 Saran................................................................................................................. 34
Daftar Pustaka........................................................................................................ 35
Lampiran
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Gambar
Daftar gambar 3.1 ....................................................................................................20
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Tabel
Tabel 2.1 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 3.2................................................................................................................... 20
Tabel 5.1.1................................................................................................................ 24
Tabel 5.1.2................................................................................................................ 25
Tabel 5.1.3................................................................................................................ 25
Tabel 5.1.4................................................................................................................ 26
Tabel 5.1.5................................................................................................................ 27
Tabel 5.1.6................................................................................................................ 27
Tabel 5.1.7................................................................................................................ 28
Tabel 5.1.8................................................................................................................ 29
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Daftar Lampiran
Nomor
Judul
Lampiran 1
Daftar Riwayat Hidup
Lampiran 2
Lembar Penjelasan Kepada Calon Subjek Penelitian
Lampiran 3
Formulir Pengisian
Lampiran 4
Lembar Kuesionar
Lampiran 5
Master Data
Lampiran 6
Hasil Olah Data
Lampiran 7
Izin Penelitian
Lampiran 8
Komisi Etik
Lampiran 9
Rincian Biaya Penelitian
Universitas Sumatera Utara