Directory UMM :Data Elmu:jurnal:B:Biosystems:Vol53.Issue1-3.1999:

Cumulative Subject Index

Volumes 26–50

A

Absorption

Bioengineering; Comparative study; Diffraction; Film; Kinetics; Spectroscopy; Bacteriorhodopsin; Triton x 100; Detergent; Gelatin (Cullin, D.W.

35 (1995) 141–144)

Electric field; Halobacterium halobium; Illumination; Bacteriorhodopsin (Druzhko, A.B. 35 (1995)

129–132)

Intestine cell; Fish; Ion transport; Computer simulation; Steady state; Intracellular transport; Michaelis menten kinetics; Cell volume; Membrane potential; Apical membrane; Basolateral membrane; Water transport; Simulation; Polarization and depolarization; Osmotic diuresis; Sodium chloride; Fresh water; Sea water; Adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium) (Movileanu, L. 45 (1998) 123–140)

Absorption spectroscopy

Photochemistry; Halobacterium halobium; Temperature; Bacteriorhodopsin (Druzhko, A.B.

35 (1995) 133–136) Abstinence

Drug dependence; Enzyme activity; Enzyme synthesis; Narcotic agent (Yukhananov, R.Y.

41 (1997) 99–104)

Acceleration

Nerve cell stimulation; Neurotransmission; Computer model; Stretch receptor; Crayfish; Phase transition (Yamanobe, T. 48 (1998) 287–295)

Neurotransmitter release; Neuromuscular synapse; Computer simulation; Synaptic transmission; Diffusion coefficient; Neurotransmitter; Acetylcholine (Naka, T. 49 (1999) 143–149)

Accuracy

Cell activity; Computer model; Nerve cell; Density; Probability (Giorno, V. 40 (1997) 65–74)

Acetylation

Electric activity; Protein stability; Protein structure; Surface charge; Aqueous solution; Coulometry; Electric model; Electricity; Fish; Ion current; Mathematical analysis; Methodology; pH; Physical chemistry; Anion; Cytochrome C; Globular protein; Lysine (Miki, Y. 44 (1997) 69–77)

Acetylcholine

Diffusion; Neuromuscular synapse; Compartment model; Diffusion coefficient; Nerve ending; Synapse; Acetylcholinesterase; Cholinergic receptor;

Neurotransmitter (Naka, T. 41 (1997) 17–27) Neurotransmitter release; Neuromuscular synapse; Computer simulation; Synaptic transmission; Acceleration; Diffusion coefficient; Neurotransmitter (Naka, T. 49 (1999) 143–149)

Acetylcholinesterase

Diffusion; Neuromuscular synapse; Compartment model; Diffusion coefficient; Nerve ending; Synapse; Acetylcholine; Cholinergic receptor;

Neurotransmitter (Naka, T. 41 (1997) 17–27)

Acoustic nerve fiber

Computer model; Single unit activity; Vocalization; Animal experiment; Auditory stimulation; Cell activity; Frequency modulation; Inferior colliculus; Mesencephalon; Receptive field (Kao, M.C.

40 (1997) 103–109)

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Infection prevention; Mathematical model; Virus transmission; Chemoprophylaxis; Community; Human

immunodeficiency virus 1; Public health; Survival time; Antivirus agent; Didanosine; Zidovudine (Hsieh, Y.-H. 35 (1995) 75–81)

Human immunodeficiency virus; T lymphocyte; Theoretical study (Bailey, J.J. 26 (1992) 177–183)

Actin

Cell motion; Cell shape; Chemotaxis; Sarcodina; Mathematical model; Oscillation (Killich, T.

33 (1994) 75–87) Action potential

Cell activity; Hippocampus; Nerve cell; Nerve cell network; Olfactory bulb; Statistical model; Brain electrophysiology; Cell population; Electric activity; Granule cell; Ion current; Mitral cell; Oscillation; Pyramidal nerve cell (Erdi, P. 40 (1997) 45–53) Dendrite; Neuromodulation; Sodium channel; Synapse (Migliore, M. 48 (1998) 157–163) Nerve potential; Nerve cell network; Statistical model; Membrane depolarization (Lanska, V.

48 (1998) 123–129)

Active transport

Alga; Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Carbon dioxide transport; Cell compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle;

Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57)

Adaptation

Computer model; Growth; Reproduction; Problem solving (Sosic, R. 36 (1995) 7–17)

Environmental factor; Sorghum; Higher plant; Plant leaf; Sodium chloride (Seligmann, H. 36 (1995) 71–77)

Evolution; Information processing; Memory; Competition; Language; Mathematical model (Ehresmann, A.C. 43 (1997) 25–40)

Genotype; Progeny; Sorghum; Sodium chloride (Seligmann, H. 40 (1997) 257–261)

Information system; Productivity; Society; Work (De Vree, J.K. 38 (1996) 221–227)

Landscaping; Tree (Findlay, C.S. 32 (1994) 71–81) Measurement; Evolution; Information processing (Gunji, Y.-P. 46 (1998) 175–183)

Mutation; Evolution; Environment; Quantum mechanics; Nuclear magnetic resonance

spectroscopy; DNA synthesis; Gene mutation; Cell function (McFadden, J. 50 (1999) 203–211) Physics (Woo, C.H. 32 (1994) 93–96)

Plant growth; Sorghum; Plant; Correlation function; Sodium chloride (Seligmann, H. 45 (1998) 213–220)

Adaptive behavior

Computer simulation; Problem solving; Travel; Algorithm; Intelligence; Reinforcement; Pheromone (Dorigo, M. 43 (1997) 73–81)

Adenosine diphosphate

Electron transport; Mathematical model; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic phosphorylation; Carbon dioxide fixation; Chloroplast; Oscillation; Oxidation reduction reaction; Adenosine

triphosphate; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Reduced nicotinamide adenine

dinucleotide phosphate (Rovers, W. 35 (1995) 63–73) Glycolysis; Senescence; Thermogenesis; Breathing; Mitochondrion; Oscillation; Adenosine triphosphate (Gilbert, D.A. 36 (1995) 1–5)

Metabolism; Metabolite; Catalysis; Computer simulation; Enzyme substrate; Mathematical

analysis; Metabolic regulation; Titrimetry; Adenosine phosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Enzyme; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Protein; Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Sauro, H.M.

33 (1994) 55–67) Adenosine phosphate

Metabolism; Metabolite; Catalysis; Computer simulation; Enzyme substrate; Mathematical

analysis; Metabolic regulation; Titrimetry; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Enzyme; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Protein; Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Sauro, H.M.

33 (1994) 55–67)

Adenosine triphosphatase

Archaebacterium; Biogenesis; Evolution; Gene duplication; Glutamate dehydrogenase (Hilario, E.

31 (1993) 111–119)

Ciliary motility; Cytoskeleton; Electron transport; Intracellular transport; Microtubule; Computer simulation; Electrophysiology; Euglena gracilis; Photoreceptor; Protozoon; Vertebrate (Insinna, E.M.

39 (1996) 187–226)

Adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium)

Electromagnetic field; Ion transport; Mathematical model; Biosynthesis; Environmental exposure; Enzyme activity; Fracture healing; Leukemia (Blank, M. 35 (1995) 175–178)

Intestine cell; Fish; Ion transport; Computer simulation; Steady state; Intracellular transport; Michaelis menten kinetics; Cell volume; Membrane potential; Absorption; Apical membrane; Basolateral membrane; Water transport; Simulation; Polarization and depolarization; Osmotic diuresis; Sodium chloride; Fresh water; Sea water (Movileanu, L.

45 (1998) 123–140)

Respiratory chain; Metabolic regulation; Enzyme kinetics; Thermodynamics; Enzyme mechanism; Stoichiometry; Bioenergy; Mathematical parameters; Proton pump (Schuster, S. 49 (1999) 1–15)

Adenosine triphosphate

Electron transport; Mathematical model; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic phosphorylation; Carbon dioxide fixation; Chloroplast; Oscillation; Oxidation reduction reaction; Adenosine

diphosphate; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Reduced nicotinamide adenine

dinucleotide phosphate (Rovers, W. 35 (1995) 63–73) Energy consumption; Agitation; Association;

Chemical interaction; Dissociation; Entropy; Evolution; Heat; Hydrolysis; Motion; Organization; Temperature; Myosin (Matsuno, K. 42 (1997) 119–127)

Glycolysis; Senescence; Thermogenesis; Breathing; Mitochondrion; Oscillation; Adenosine diphosphate (Gilbert, D.A. 36 (1995) 1–5)

Metabolic regulation; Biochemistry; Enzyme activity; Evolution; Glycolysis (Heinrich, R. 47 (1998) 61–77) Metabolism; Metabolite; Catalysis; Computer simulation; Enzyme substrate; Mathematical

analysis; Metabolic regulation; Titrimetry; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine phosphate; Enzyme;

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Protein; Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Sauro, H.M.

33 (1994) 55–67) Adenylate cyclase

Signal transduction; Cell function; Information processing; Second messenger; Protein

phosphorylation; Thermodynamics; Cell

communication; Cell protein; Enzyme; Receptor; Cyclic AMP; Protein kinase; Phosphatase; 6-Phosphofructokinase; Glycogen phosphorylase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1; Cell surface receptor; Phosphodiesterase; Adrenalin; Phosphoprotein; Protein tyrosine kinase; Calcineurin; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; S6 kinase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor; Fatty acid; Mitogen activated protein kinase; Glucagon; Phospholipase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase (Fisher, M.J. 50 (1999) 159–171)

Adrenalin

Signal transduction; Cell function; Information processing; Second messenger; Protein phosphorylation; Thermodynamics; Cell

communication; Cell protein; Enzyme; Adenylate cyclase; Receptor; Cyclic AMP; Protein kinase; Phosphatase; 6-Phosphofructokinase; Glycogen phosphorylase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1; Cell surface receptor; Phosphodiesterase; Phosphoprotein; Protein tyrosine kinase; Calcineurin; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; S6 kinase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor; Fatty acid; Mitogen activated protein kinase; Glucagon; Phospholipase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase (Fisher, M.J. 50 (1999) 159–171)

Adsorption

Bioengineering; Photochemistry; Purple membrane; Spectroscopy; Ultraviolet radiation;

Bacteriorhodopsin; Fluorocarbon; Glass;

Hydrocarbon (Brizzolara, R.A. 35 (1995) 137–140) Biogenesis; Chirality; Clay; Dust; Evolution; Protein synthesis; Biopolymer; Nucleoprotein (Nussinov, M.D. 42 (1997) 111–118)

Adult

Speech; Female; Male; Prediction; Statistical model (Greenwood, G.W. 44 (1997) 161–165)

Afterdischarge

Sensory receptor; Signal transduction; Crayfish; Hyperpolarization; Nerve cell membrane potential;

Sensory nerve cell; Stretch receptor (Menzinger, M.

40 (1997) 119–126) Afterhyperpolarization

Hyperpolarization; Membrane potential; Nerve cell; Mathematical model (Lansky, P. 27 (1992) 25–38)

Age

B lymphocyte; Immunocompetent cell; Animal experiment; Animal model; Immunoreactivity; Influenza virus; Language; Mouse; Ontogeny; Hemagglutinin (Burgos, J.D. 39 (1996) 19–24)

Aging

Evolution; Longevity; Sex difference; Female; Mathematical model; Reproduction; Whale (Rossler, R. 36 (1995) 179–185)

Agitation

Energy consumption; Association; Chemical interaction; Dissociation; Entropy; Evolution; Heat; Hydrolysis; Motion; Organization; Temperature; Adenosine triphosphate; Myosin (Matsuno, K.

42 (1997) 119–127) Alamethicin

Bilayer membrane; Biosensor; Lipid membrane; Nicotinic receptor; Antigen; Bispecific antibody (Eray, M. 35 (1995) 183–188)

Membrane filter; Oscillation; Stimulation;

Bacteriorhodopsin; Protamine; Lipid; Proton pump (Ikematsu, M. 35 (1995) 123–128)

Alanine

Amino acid sequence; Protein conformation; Chemical structure; Crystal structure; Nuclear magnetic resonance; X-ray crystallography; Oligopeptide; Polypeptide antibiotic agent (Bhatnagar, S. 34 (1995) 143–148)

Genetic code; Amino acid analysis; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Amino acid; Asparagine;

DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Lysine; Trinucleotide; Tyrosine; Valine (Arques, D.G.

44 (1997) 107–134) Alcohol

Fungus culture; Growth rate; Biomass; Bioreactor; Cell growth; Cell suspension; Continuous culture; Culture medium; Feedback system; Metabolism; Monitoring; Optical density; Oscillation; Prediction; Statistics; Yeast cell; Glucose (Davey, H.M.

39 (1996) 43–61) Alcohol dehydrogenase

Reaction analysis; Enzyme kinetics; Equilibrium constant; Thermodynamics; Methodology; Inorganic pyrophosphatase; Triosephosphate isomerase (Bish, D.R. 47 (1998) 37–60)

Alga

Algorithm; Environmental temperature; Global climate; Greenhouse effect; Artificial intelligence; Desert; Estuary; Forest; Radiation; Vegetation; Carbon dioxide (Noever, D.A. 39 (1996) 135–141) Bacterium; Phylogeny; Plant; Symbiosis; Plastid (Morden, C.W. 28 (1992) 75–90)

Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Active transport; Carbon dioxide transport; Cell compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle;

Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57)

Cholera; Plankton; Vibrio cholerae (Epstein, P.R.

31 (1993) 209–221)

Eukaryote; Phylogeny; Symbiosis (Douglas, S.E.

28 (1992) 57–68)

Evolution; Fungus; Plant; Symbiosis; Flavonoid (Jorgensen, R. 31 (1993) 193–207)

Evolution; Higher plant; RNA sequence; Ribosome DNA; Ribosome RNA (Chapman, R.L. 28 (1992) 127–137)

Genome (Maier, U.-G. 28 (1992) 69–73) Mathematical model; Plant growth; Simulation (Collado-Vides, L. 42 (1997) 19–27)

Plant cell; Cell population; Population model (Nakamura, T. 26 (1991) 99–115)

Algorithm

Artificial intelligence; Molecular interaction; Nerve cell network; RNA structure (Takefuji, Y. 27 (1992) 85–96)

Brain function; Mathematical model; Brain cortex; Electroencephalogram; Nervous system; Oscillation; Pattern recognition (Hirsch, M.W. 34 (1995) 173–195)

Cell cycle; Computer simulation; Microbial growth; System analysis; Ciliate; Growth rate; Life cycle; Partition coefficient; Population model; Protozoon (Hatziz, C. 36 (1995) 19–35)

Cell membrane potential; Stochastic model; Probability; Nerve cell network; Diffusion;

Simulation; Correlation function; Neuroscience (Di Nardo, E. 48 (1998) 29–35)

Chemical structure; Biopolymer (Brodsky, L.I.

30 (1993) 65–79)

Codon; Genetic code (Jimenez-Montano, M.A.

32 (1994) 11–23)

Compartment model; Enzyme kinetics; Statistical model (Varon, R. 36 (1995) 121–133)

Computer model; Philosophy; Behavior; Computer program; Game; Play (Moon, T.K. 37 (1996) 167–176)

Computer program; Molecular genetics; Probability; Data base (Krishnamurthy, V. 49 (1999) 205–228) Computer simulation; Problem solving; Travel; Adaptive behavior; Intelligence; Reinforcement; Pheromone (Dorigo, M. 43 (1997) 73–81)

Cooperation; Evolution; Altruism; Game; Memory (Crowley, P.H. 37 (1996) 67–80)

Cooperation; Evolution; Game; Social interaction; Social isolation (Ashlock, D. 37 (1996) 99–125) Cooperation; Recognition; Data analysis; Evolution;

Game; Group dynamics; Memory; Sociology (Crowley, P.H. 37 (1996) 49–66)

Data base; Evolution; Classification; Methodology; Taxonomy (Zhong, Y. 42 (1997) 1–8)

Diagnostic approach route; Learning; Signal processing; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural network; Becker muscular dystrophy; Expert system; Motor neuron disease; Spinal muscular atrophy (Schizas, C.N. 41 (1997) 105–125)

Environmental temperature; Global climate; Greenhouse effect; Alga; Artificial intelligence; Desert; Estuary; Forest; Radiation; Vegetation; Carbon dioxide (Noever, D.A. 39 (1996) 135–141) Evolution; Fractal analysis (Nettleton, D.J. 33 (1994) 221–231)

Evolution; Genetics; Intermethod comparison; Progeny (Saravanan, N. 36 (1995) 157–166) Evolution; Genotype; Phenotype; Classification; Density; Periodicity (Asselmeyer, T. 39 (1996) 63–76)

Evolution; Hybrid (Myung, H. 38 (1996) 29–43) Evolution; Interpersonal communication; Animal behavior; Comprehension; Computer simulation; Genetic model (Levin, M. 36 (1995) 167–178) Evolution; Learning; Mathematical model; Memory; Nerve cell (Smalz, R. 34 (1995) 161–172)

Evolution; Simulation; Artificial neural network; Forecasting; Population model; Prediction (English, T.M. 39 (1996) 3–18)

Evolution; Thermodynamics (Asselmeyer, T.

41 (1997) 167–178)

Exon; Coding; Ribosome; Ribosome RNA; Protein subunit (Mendoza, L. 38 (1996) 45–49)

Genetic procedures; Natural selection; Mutation; Genetic recombination; Population genetics; Stochastic model (Takahashi, Y. 46 (1998) 235–282) Genetics; Evolution; Hypothesis; Problem solving (Beyer, H.-G. 41 (1997) 1–15)

Genetics; Mutation rate; Natural selection (Salomon, R. 39 (1996) 263–278)

Greenhouse effect; Population dynamics; Geographic

distribution; Insect; Microorganism (Karafyllidis, I.

45 (1998) 1–10)

Hodgkin huxley equation; Nerve fiber; Giant axon; Mathematical analysis; Potassium conductance; Sodium conductance; Squid; Potassium; Sodium (Bedrov, Y.A. 33 (1994) 25–30)

Information processing; Torsion; Simulation; Semantics (Kirby, K.G. 46 (1998) 81–88) Information science; Society; Ecosystem; Technology; Phenomenology; Cybernetics;

Semantics; Language (Brier, S. 46 (1998) 185–191) Interpersonal communication; Evolution; Game; Language; Population; Pressure; Simulation (Oliphant, M. 37 (1996) 31–38)

Interpersonal communication; Language; Evolution (Hashimoto, T. 38 (1996) 1–14)

Mathematical computing; Molecular biology (Rubinov, A.R. 30 (1993) 81–92)

Nerve conduction; Simulation; Mathematical model; Diffusion; Spike wave (Giraudo, M.T. 48 (1998) 77–83)

Optics; Feasibility study; Genetics; Visual system (Van Leijenhorst, D.C. 37 (1996) 177–187) Parasitosis; Predation; Mathematical analysis (Mukherjee, D. 47 (1998) 149–155)

Phylogeny; Amino acid sequence; Technique; Genetic analysis; Genetic distance; Guanine

nucleotide binding protein (Reijmers, T.H. 49 (1999) 31–43)

Poliomyelitis virus; Protein structure; Biopolymer; Virus protein (Leontovich, A.M. 30 (1993) 57–63) Population genetics; Genotype; Phenotype; Mutagenesis; Population dynamics; Cell division; Artificial neural network; Molecular genetics; Molecular evolution (Palacios, O.A. 47 (1998) 129–147)

Prediction; Smooth pursuit eye movement; Animal experiment; Eye position; Eye tracking; Hypothesis; Monkey; Primate; Saccadic eye movement; Signal processing; Visual stimulation; White noise (Deno, D.C. 34 (1995) 107–128)

conformation; Prediction; Genetic engineering; Mutation rate (Konig, R. 50 (1999) 17–25) Reinforcement; Computer program; Game; Prison; Prisoner (Sandholm, T.W. 37 (1996) 147–166)

Alkane

Cell growth; Sediment; Mathematical model; Bioreactor; Oxygen tension; Dilution;

Biodegradation; Hexadecane; Dissolved oxygen (Berthe-Corti, L. 49 (1999) 161–189)

Allodynia

Cold sensitivity; Peripheral nerve injury; Nerve conduction; Nerve regeneration; Nociception; Pain (De Medinaceli, L. 43 (1997) 145–167)

Allosterism

Conformational transition; Cell communication; System analysis; Polymerization; Protein; Nucleic acid (Maekawa, K. 46 (1998) 217–233)

Mathematical model; Molecular recognition; Enzyme (Marijuan, P.C. 27 (1992) 97–113)

Metabolism; Molecular biology; Morphogenesis; Energy transfer; Molecular dynamics; Metabolic parameters; Enzyme specificity; Organization; Computer analysis (Igamberdiev, A.U. 50 (1999) 1–16)

Altruism

Algorithm; Cooperation; Evolution; Game; Memory (Crowley, P.H. 37 (1996) 67–80)

Cooperation; Behavior; Evolution; Fish; Game; Hermaphroditism; Predator (Dugatkin, L.A.

37 (1996) 19–30) Amino acid

Cell communication; Information science; Language; Linguistics; Molecular biology; Bioenergy;

Creativity; Cybernetics; Developmental biology; Eukaryotic cell; Gene expression; Gene function; Gene location; Gene mapping; Genetic code; Molecular evolution; Molecular model; Nucleotide

sequence; Phonetics; Physical parameters; Protein folding; Semantics; Signal processing; Sound; Structural gene; Vision; Cell DNA (Ji, S. 44 (1997) 17–39)

Codon usage; Genetic code; Amino acid sequence; Ornithine (Siemion, I.Z. 36 (1995) 231–238) Codon; Evolution; Genetic code; Oligonucleotide (Baumann, U. 29 (1993) 133–141)

Diet therapy; Amino acid metabolism; Enzyme deficiency; Mathematical model; Technique; System analysis; Feedback system; Lysine; Methionine; Isoleucine; Aspartic acid (Hirayama, H. 45 (1998) 179–193)

Enthalpy; Entropy; Genetic code; Thermodynamics (Siemion, I.Z. 27 (1992) 77–84)

Frequency analysis; Computer model; Molecular recognition; Protein conformation; Protein protein interaction; T lymphocyte receptor; Immunoglobulin (Lara-Ochoa, F. 39 (1996) 77–86)

Genetic code; Amino acid analysis; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Alanine; Asparagine; DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Lysine; Trinucleotide; Tyrosine; Valine (Arques, D.G.

44 (1997) 107–134)

Genetic code; Stochastic model; Amino acid transfer RNA ligase (Rakocevic, M.M. 46 (1998) 283–291) Genetic code; Theoretical study (Siemion, I.Z.

32 (1994) 163–170) Amino acid analysis

Genetic code; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Alanine; Amino acid; Asparagine; DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Lysine; Trinucleotide; Tyrosine; Valine (Arques, D.G. 44 (1997) 107–134)

Amino acid metabolism

Diet therapy; Enzyme deficiency; Mathematical model; Technique; System analysis; Feedback system; Amino acid; Lysine; Methionine; Isoleucine; Aspartic acid (Hirayama, H. 45 (1998) 179–193)

Amino acid sequence

Amino acid substitution; Chemical structure; Evolution; Genetic code; Codon (Jimenez-Montano, M.A. 39 (1996) 117–125)

Codon usage; Genetic code; Amino acid; Ornithine (Siemion, I.Z. 36 (1995) 231–238)

DNA sequence; Mathematical model (Solovyev, V.V.

30 (1993) 137–160)

DNA sequence; RNA sequence; Base mispairing; Stochastic model; DNA; Protein; RNA (Zharkikh, A.A. 30 (1993) 93–111)

Exon; Nucleotide sequence; Protein structure; Data base; Evolution; Gene duplication; Gene insertion; Hypothesis; Intermethod comparison; Intron; Prediction (Strelets, V.B. 36 (1995) 37–41)

Immunoglobulin variable region; Computer program; Frequency analysis; Protein structure;

Immunoglobulin receptor (Almagro, J.C. 35 (1995) 25–32)

Language; Linguistics; Coding; Comparative study; Nucleotide sequence (Popov, O. 38 (1996) 65–74) Phylogeny; Algorithm; Technique; Genetic analysis; Genetic distance; Guanine nucleotide binding protein (Reijmers, T.H. 49 (1999) 31–43)

Protein conformation; Chemical structure; Crystal structure; Nuclear magnetic resonance; X-ray crystallography; Alanine; Oligopeptide; Polypeptide antibiotic agent (Bhatnagar, S. 34 (1995) 143–148) Protein synthesis; Comparative study; Enzyme specificity; Evolution; Fossil; Hypothesis; Coenzyme A; Polypeptide antibiotic agent (Di Giulio, M.

39 (1996) 159–169)

Proteinase; Zinc (Kister, A. 30 (1993) 233–240)

Amino acid substitution

Chemical structure; Evolution; Genetic code; Amino acid sequence; Codon (Jimenez-Montano, M.A.

39 (1996) 117–125)

Amino acid transfer RNA ligase

Genetic code; Stochastic model; Amino acid (Rakocevic, M.M. 46 (1998) 283–291)

Amphophile

Computer simulation; Lipid membrane; Lipid monolayer; Probability (Movileanu, L. 36 (1995) 43–53)

Analytic method

Mathematics; Pattern generator; Pattern recognition; Physics (Gernert, D. 43 (1997) 179–187)

Animal

Archaebacterium; Evolution; Molecular biology; Plant; Symbiosis; Biodiversity (Margulis, L.

27 (1992) 39–51) Animal behavior

Evolution; Interpersonal communication; Algorithm; Comprehension; Computer simulation; Genetic model (Levin, M. 36 (1995) 167–178)

Feeding behavior; Ant; Controlled study (Kitabayashi, N. 50 (1999) 143–155)

Feeding; Locomotion; Comparative study; Migration; Orientation; Stochastic model (Alt, W. 34 (1995) 11–26)

Fish; Organization; Probability; Population

dynamics; Population structure; Animal experiment (Gunji, Y.-P. 50 (1999) 27–47)

Mathematical model; Feeding; Ant (Bonabeau, E.

45 (1998) 195–211)

Parasite; Population dynamics; Predator (Lenbury, Y.

39 (1996) 251–262)

Robotics; Spatial orientation; Ant; Randomization (Schweitzer, F. 41 (1997) 153–166)

Animal cell

Basal metabolic rate; Cell metabolism; Diffusion; Metabolic rate; Nutrient; Mammal (Wheatley, D.N.

32 (1994) 83–92)

Cell activity; Nerve cell; Forecasting; Hypothesis; Snail; Spike (Chillemi, S. 40 (1997) 21–28) Cell activity; Nerve cell; Olfactory system;

Cockroach; Controlled study; Odor; Response time; Spike (Getz, W.M. 40 (1997) 55–63)

Cell culture; Mathematical model; Nerve cell growth; Neurite; Hippocampus; Human cell; Nerve cell; Neuroblastoma cell; Rat; Retinoic acid (Matsuzawa, M. 35 (1995) 199–202)

Cell function; Cytotoxic T lymphocyte; Immune system; Lymphocyte subpopulation; Mouse;

Radiation chimera (Burgos, J.D. 39 (1996) 227–232) Cell motion; Flagellum; Axoneme; Human cell (Imai, E. 26 (1992) 223–230)

Cell structure; Diffusion; Oscillation;

Erythroleukemia cell; Mouse; Insulin (Gilbert, D.A.

29 (1993) 143–149)

Electromagnetic field; Excitation; Cell DNA (Sataric, M. 49 (1999) 117–125)

Erythroleukemia cell; Autoradiography; Cell structure; Controlled study; Densitometry; Mouse; Oscillation; Periodicity; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Protein phosphorylation; Stimulation; Insulin (Ferreira, G.M.N. 33 (1994) 31–43)

Gene transfer; Cell culture; Escherichia coli; Plasmid; Poliomyelitis virus (Heitmann, D. 29 (1993) 37–48) Nerve cell network; Electric activity; Nerve cell; Simulation; Brain cortex; Brain cell; Rat; Newborn (Parodi, P. 48 (1998) 171–178)

Photon; Vision; Cell strain 3t3; Dipole;

Electromagnetic field; Infrared radiation; Light; Mouse; Water (Jibu, M. 42 (1997) 65–73)

Protein isolation; Erythroleukemia cell; Extraction; Mouse; Oscillation; Insulin (Ferreira, G.M.N.

32 (1994) 183–190)

Synaptic transmission; Intracellular transport; Metabolic regulation; Molecular dynamics; Animal experiment (Wheatley, D.N. 45 (1998) 151–163)

Animal experiment

Acoustic nerve fiber; Computer model; Single unit activity; Vocalization; Auditory stimulation; Cell activity; Frequency modulation; Inferior colliculus; Mesencephalon; Receptive field (Kao, M.C.

40 (1997) 103–109)

Animal behavior; Fish; Organization; Probability; Population dynamics; Population structure (Gunji, Y.-P. 50 (1999) 27–47)

Auditory cortex; Response time; Nerve cell stimulation; Single unit activity; Spike; Task performance; Auditory stimulation; Nerve cell network; Cell interaction; Rat (Villa, A.E.P.

48 (1998) 269–277)

B lymphocyte; Immunocompetent cell; Age; Animal model; Immunoreactivity; Influenza virus; Language; Mouse; Ontogeny; Hemagglutinin (Burgos, J.D.

39 (1996) 19–24)

Prediction; Smooth pursuit eye movement;

Algorithm; Eye position; Eye tracking; Hypothesis; Monkey; Primate; Saccadic eye movement; Signal processing; Visual stimulation; White noise (Deno, D.C. 34 (1995) 107–128)

Synaptic transmission; Intracellular transport; Metabolic regulation; Molecular dynamics; Animal cell (Wheatley, D.N. 45 (1998) 151–163)

Visual cortex; Nerve cell; Cat; Orientation; Corpus striatum; Visual field; Animal model; Controlled study (Shevelev, I.A. 48 (1998) 195–204)

Animal model

B lymphocyte; Immunocompetent cell; Age; Animal experiment; Immunoreactivity; Influenza virus; Language; Mouse; Ontogeny; Hemagglutinin (Burgos, J.D. 39 (1996) 19–24)

Visual cortex; Nerve cell; Cat; Orientation; Corpus striatum; Visual field; Animal experiment; Controlled study (Shevelev, I.A. 48 (1998) 195–204)

Animal tissue

Bone marrow; Cytotoxicity; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic stem cell; Homeostasis; Cell

differentiation; Human tissue; Cytotoxic agent (Mehr, R. 26 (1992) 231–237)

Anion

Electric activity; Protein stability; Protein structure; Surface charge; Acetylation; Aqueous solution; Coulometry; Electric model; Electricity; Fish; Ion

current; Mathematical analysis; Methodology; pH; Physical chemistry; Cytochrome C; Globular protein; Lysine (Miki, Y. 44 (1997) 69–77)

Anisotropy

Cell interaction (Schonfisch, B. 41 (1997) 29–41) Magnetic field; Orientation; Bird; Chloroplast; Photoreceptor (Hong, F.T. 36 (1995) 187–229)

Ant

Animal behavior; Mathematical model; Feeding (Bonabeau, E. 45 (1998) 195–211)

Biological model; Computer simulation; Computer network; Productivity; Technique; Computer memory; Associative memory (Nugala, V. 45 (1998) 87–97)

Feeding behavior; Animal behavior; Controlled study (Kitabayashi, N. 50 (1999) 143–155)

Natural selection; Survival; Brain; Covariance; Evolution (Frank, S.A. 40 (1997) 237–243) Robotics; Spatial orientation; Animal behavior; Randomization (Schweitzer, F. 41 (1997) 153–166)

Antibody

Antigen antibody complex; Molecular interaction; Antigen (Zaretzky, A.N. 27 (1992) 115–123) Spirochete; Protein family; Heat shock protein; Tubulin (Munson, D. 31 (1993) 161–167)

Antigen

Antigen antibody complex; Molecular interaction; Antibody (Zaretzky, A.N. 27 (1992) 115–123) Bilayer membrane; Biosensor; Lipid membrane; Nicotinic receptor; Alamethicin; Bispecific antibody (Eray, M. 35 (1995) 183–188)

Immune response; Immunity; Progeny; Antigen presenting cell; B lymphocyte; Dendritic cell; Immune system; Immunological memory; Maternal antibody (Anderson, R.W. 34 (1995) 87–105)

Antigen antibody complex

Molecular interaction; Antibody; Antigen (Zaretzky, A.N. 27 (1992) 115–123)

Antigen presenting cell

Immune response; Immunity; Progeny; B lymphocyte; Dendritic cell; Immune system; Immunological memory; Maternal antibody; Antigen (Anderson, R.W. 34 (1995) 87–105)

Antivirus agent

Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Infection prevention; Mathematical model; Virus transmission; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome;

Chemoprophylaxis; Community; Human

immunodeficiency virus 1; Public health; Survival time; Didanosine; Zidovudine (Hsieh, Y.-H.

35 (1995) 75–81) Aphid

Intestine flora; Symbiosis; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (Harada, H. 31 (1993) 185–191)

Apical membrane

Intestine cell; Fish; Ion transport; Computer simulation; Steady state; Intracellular transport; Michaelis menten kinetics; Cell volume; Membrane potential; Absorption; Basolateral membrane; Water transport; Simulation; Polarization and

depolarization; Osmotic diuresis; Sodium chloride; Fresh water; Sea water; Adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium) (Movileanu, L. 45 (1998) 123–140)

Aqueous solution

Electric activity; Protein stability; Protein structure; Surface charge; Acetylation; Coulometry; Electric model; Electricity; Fish; Ion current; Mathematical analysis; Methodology; pH; Physical chemistry; Anion; Cytochrome C; Globular protein; Lysine (Miki, Y. 44 (1997) 69–77)

Arachidic acid

Electronics; Fluorescence microscopy; Dipole; Light; pH; Ultraviolet radiation; Porphyrin (Yoneyama, M.

35 (1995) 113–116) Archaebacterium

Animal; Evolution; Molecular biology; Plant; Symbiosis; Biodiversity (Margulis, L. 27 (1992) 39–51)

Biogenesis; Evolution; Gene duplication; Adenosine triphosphatase; Glutamate dehydrogenase (Hilario, E.

31 (1993) 111–119)

Cytoskeleton; Viscometry; Viscosity (Hixon, W.G.

29 (1993) 151–160)

Evolution; DNA polymerase; DNA topoisomerase (Forterre, P. 28 (1992) 15–32)

Artificial intelligence

Algorithm; Environmental temperature; Global climate; Greenhouse effect; Alga; Desert; Estuary; Forest; Radiation; Vegetation; Carbon dioxide (Noever, D.A. 39 (1996) 135–141)

Algorithm; Molecular interaction; Nerve cell network; RNA structure (Takefuji, Y. 27 (1992) 85–96)

Diagnostic approach route; Learning; Signal processing; Algorithm; Artificial neural network; Becker muscular dystrophy; Expert system; Motor neuron disease; Spinal muscular atrophy (Schizas, C.N. 41 (1997) 105–125)

Mathematical model; Memory; Retrieval system (Albeverio, S. 49 (1999) 105–115)

Artificial neural network

Algorithm; Population genetics; Genotype;

Phenotype; Mutagenesis; Population dynamics; Cell division; Molecular genetics; Molecular evolution (Palacios, O.A. 47 (1998) 129–147)

Computer system; Molecular dynamics; Information processing; Molecular biology (Rambidi, N.G.

41 (1997) 195–211)

Diagnostic approach route; Learning; Signal

processing; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Becker muscular dystrophy; Expert system; Motor neuron disease; Spinal muscular atrophy (Schizas, C.N.

41 (1997) 105–125)

Evolution; Simulation; Algorithm; Forecasting; Population model; Prediction (English, T.M.

39 (1996) 3–18)

Metabolic regulation; Computer model; Computer program; Enzyme kinetics; Metabolism; Michaelis constant (Mendes, P. 38 (1996) 15–28)

Nerve cell stimulation; Neurotransmission; Noise (Vibert, J.-F. 48 (1998) 255–262)

Postsynaptic potential; Computer model; Spike; Nerve cell; Cell activity (Vaucher, G. 48 (1998) 241–246)

Proprioception; Feedback system; Sensory system; Visual system; Mathematical analysis (Salomon, R.

47 (1998) 193–206)

Remote sensing; Migration; Simulation; Tuna; Indian ocean; Mozambique; Seychelles; Environmental management (Dagorn, L. 44 (1997) 167–180)

Ascomycetes

Basidiomycetes; Fungus; Morphology; Phylogeny; Evolution; Ribosome RNA (Berbee, M.L. 28 (1992) 117–125)

Asparagine

Genetic code; Amino acid analysis; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Alanine; Amino acid; DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Lysine; Trinucleotide; Tyrosine; Valine (Arques, D.G.

44 (1997) 107–134) Aspartic acid

Diet therapy; Amino acid metabolism; Enzyme deficiency; Mathematical model; Technique; System analysis; Feedback system; Amino acid; Lysine; Methionine; Isoleucine (Hirayama, H. 45 (1998) 179–193)

Association

Bilayer membrane; Diffusion; Lipid membrane; Dipole; Passive transport; Probability; Phospholipid; Lipid; Protein (Movileanu, L. 40 (1997) 263–275) Electromagnetic field; Mathematics; Diffusion; Statistics; Quantum mechanics (Ord, G.N. 46 (1998) 21–28)

Energy consumption; Agitation; Chemical

interaction; Dissociation; Entropy; Evolution; Heat; Hydrolysis; Motion; Organization; Temperature; Adenosine triphosphate; Myosin (Matsuno, K.

42 (1997) 119–127)

Memory; Nerve cell network; Mathematical model (Mizraji, E. 32 (1994) 145–161)

Associative memory

Biological model; Ant; Computer simulation; Computer network; Productivity; Technique; Computer memory (Nugala, V. 45 (1998) 87–97) Memory; Nerve cell network; Behavior; Cognition; Reliability; Perception; Performance (Pomi Brea, A.

50 (1999) 173–188) Assortative mating

Gene frequency; Population genetics; Genetic polymorphism; Genetic variability; Heterosis (Steiner, W. 43 (1997) 137–144)

Atmosphere

Ecosystem; Symbiosis (Levine, L. 31 (1993) 85–92)

Atom

Organization; Periodicity; Chemical structure; Elementary particle; Evolution; Hydrogen; Oxygen (Lima-de-Faria, A. 43 (1997) 115–135)

Attitude

Decision theory; Expert system; Game; Computer system (Borges, P.S.S. 41 (1997) 127–137)

Auditory cortex

Response time; Nerve cell stimulation; Single unit activity; Spike; Task performance; Auditory

stimulation; Nerve cell network; Cell interaction; Rat; Animal experiment (Villa, A.E.P. 48 (1998) 269–277)

Auditory stimulation

Acoustic nerve fiber; Computer model; Single unit activity; Vocalization; Animal experiment; Cell activity; Frequency modulation; Inferior colliculus; Mesencephalon; Receptive field (Kao, M.C.

40 (1997) 103–109)

Auditory cortex; Response time; Nerve cell stimulation; Single unit activity; Spike; Task performance; Nerve cell network; Cell interaction; Rat; Animal experiment (Villa, A.E.P. 48 (1998) 269–277)

Autocrine effect

Diffusion; Ligand binding; Receptor binding; Cell count; Cell growth; Cell surface; Methodology; Molecular model; Molecule; Nonlinear system; Prediction; Receptor occupancy; T lymphocyte; Cell receptor; Growth factor; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-2 receptor; Ligand (Despa, S.-I. 44 (1997) 59–68)

Autoradiography

Erythroleukemia cell; Animal cell; Cell structure; Controlled study; Densitometry; Mouse; Oscillation; Periodicity; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Protein phosphorylation; Stimulation; Insulin (Ferreira, G.M.N. 33 (1994) 31–43)

Avoidance behavior

Electric fish; Pulse wave; Experimental model; Electric activity; Organ; Simulation (Capurro, A.

48 (1998) 21–27) Axoneme

Cell motion; Flagellum; Animal cell; Human cell (Imai, E. 26 (1992) 223–230)

B

B lymphocyte

Immune response; Immunity; Progeny; Antigen presenting cell; Dendritic cell; Immune system; Immunological memory; Maternal antibody; Antigen (Anderson, R.W. 34 (1995) 87–105)

Immunocompetent cell; Age; Animal experiment; Animal model; Immunoreactivity; Influenza virus; Language; Mouse; Ontogeny; Hemagglutinin (Burgos, J.D. 39 (1996) 19–24)

Bacterial membrane

Molecular recognition; Escherichia coli; Flagellum; Methodology; Virtual reality; Computer model; Proton transporting adenosine triphosphate synthase (Lahoz-Beltra, R. 44 (1997) 209–229)

Bacterial mutation

Gene mutation; Quantum theory; Genetic variability; Photon; Physical model; Polarization (Ogryzko, V.V.

43 (1997) 83–95) Bacteriochlorophyll

Chlorobium; Cyanobacterium; Evolution; Helicobacter; Rhodobacter; Rhodopseudomonas; Chlorophyll; Cytochrome B; Ubiquinol cytochrome C reductase (Meyer, T.E. 33 (1994) 167–175)

Bacteriorhodopsin

Adsorption; Bioengineering; Photochemistry; Purple membrane; Spectroscopy; Ultraviolet radiation; Fluorocarbon; Glass; Hydrocarbon (Brizzolara, R.A.

35 (1995) 137–140)

Bioengineering; Absorption; Comparative study; Diffraction; Film; Kinetics; Spectroscopy; Triton x 100; Detergent; Gelatin (Cullin, D.W. 35 (1995) 141–144)

Bioengineering; Electronics; Halobacterium halobium; Measurement; Photoreceptor;

Photosynthesis; Purple membrane; Proton pump; Rhodopsin (Hong, F.T. 35 (1995) 117–121)

Bioengineering; Light absorption; Photochemistry; Electronics; Film; Purple membrane; Signal noise ratio; Protein (Chen, Z. 35 (1995) 145–151) Electric field; Absorption; Halobacterium halobium; Illumination (Druzhko, A.B. 35 (1995) 129–132) Film; Bleaching; Chemical genetics; Chemical modification; Image display; Photosensitivity; Purple membrane; Storage (Dyukova, T. 41 (1997) 91–98) Imaging; Laser; Molecular computing (Szu, H.

27 (1992) 179–188)

Light; Signal transduction (Groma, G.I. 27 (1992) 201–202)

Membrane filter; Oscillation; Stimulation; Alamethicin; Protamine; Lipid; Proton pump (Ikematsu, M. 35 (1995) 123–128)

Membrane structure; Purple membrane; Microscopy (Maximychev v., A. 27 (1992) 195–199)

Photochemistry; Absorption spectroscopy; Halobacterium halobium; Temperature (Druzhko, A.B. 35 (1995) 133–136)

Bacterium

Alga; Phylogeny; Plant; Symbiosis; Plastid (Morden, C.W. 28 (1992) 75–90)

Cell shape; Elasticity; Gene insertion; DNA transcription; RNA translation; DNA supercoiling; Cell cycle; Force; Stretching; Pressure; DNA; DNA topoisomerase (Norris, V. 49 (1999) 71–78)

Chemotaxis; Symbiosis; Insect (Dyer, B.D. 31 (1993) 169–180)

Gene control; Transcription initiation; Transcription regulation; Linguistics; Promoter region

(Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 87–104)

Protein DNA binding; Transcription initiation; Transcription regulation; Binding site; Linguistics; Promoter region (Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 105–128)

Basal metabolic rate

Cell metabolism; Diffusion; Metabolic rate; Nutrient; Animal cell; Mammal (Wheatley, D.N. 32 (1994) 83–92)

Base mispairing

Amino acid sequence; DNA sequence; RNA sequence; Stochastic model; DNA; Protein; RNA (Zharkikh, A.A. 30 (1993) 93–111)

Base pairing

Ribosome subunit; Start codon; Genetic stability; Stop codon; RNA translation; Messenger RNA (Mendoza, L. 46 (1998) 293–298)

Basidiomycetes

Ascomycetes; Fungus; Morphology; Phylogeny; Evolution; Ribosome RNA (Berbee, M.L. 28 (1992) 117–125)

Basolateral membrane

Intestine cell; Fish; Ion transport; Computer simulation; Steady state; Intracellular transport; Michaelis menten kinetics; Cell volume; Membrane potential; Absorption; Apical membrane; Water transport; Simulation; Polarization and

depolarization; Osmotic diuresis; Sodium chloride; Fresh water; Sea water; Adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium) (Movileanu, L. 45 (1998) 123–140)

Becker muscular dystrophy

Diagnostic approach route; Learning; Signal processing; Algorithm; Artificial intelligence; Artificial neural network; Expert system; Motor neuron disease; Spinal muscular atrophy (Schizas, C.N. 41 (1997) 105–125)

Behavior

Altruism; Cooperation; Evolution; Fish; Game; Hermaphroditism; Predator (Dugatkin, L.A.

37 (1996) 19–30)

Brain function; Molecular biology; Psychobiology; Memory (Rossi, E.L. 38 (1996) 199–206)

Computer model; Philosophy; Algorithm; Computer program; Game; Play (Moon, T.K. 37 (1996) 167–176)

Cooperation; Evolution; Game; Population (Vega-Redondo, R. 37 (1996) 39–47)

Cooperation; Evolution; Population dynamics; Computer simulation; Feedback system; Learning; Memory (Billard, E.A. 39 (1996) 93–107)

Cooperation; Game; Population (Harrald, P.G.

37 (1996) 135–145)

Evolution; Cooperation; Game (Yao, X. 37 (1996) 189–197)

Memory; Nerve cell network; Associative memory; Cognition; Reliability; Perception; Performance (Pomi Brea, A. 50 (1999) 173–188)

Behaviorism

Consciousness; Language; Experience; Privacy (Conrad, D. 46 (1998) 129–135)

Bicarbonate

Alga; Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Active transport; Carbon dioxide transport; Cell compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle;

Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Carbonate dehydratase; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57)

Scavenging system; Cell membrane;

Cyanobacterium; Diffusion; Enzyme activity; Mathematical model; Steady state; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Carbonate dehydratase (Fridlyand, L. 37 (1996) 229–238)

Bilayer membrane

Biosensor; Lipid membrane; Nicotinic receptor; Alamethicin; Antigen; Bispecific antibody (Eray, M.

35 (1995) 183–188)

Diffusion; Lipid membrane; Association; Dipole; Passive transport; Probability; Phospholipid; Lipid; Protein (Movileanu, L. 40 (1997) 263–275)

Binding site

Computer analysis; Promoter region; Breast; Consensus sequence; Female; Gene; Gene sequence;

Hormonal regulation; Nucleotide sequence; Rabbit; β-Casein; Transcription factor; DNA binding protein; Milk protein (Malewski, T. 36 (1995) 109–119) Promoter region; Computer analysis; Gene expression; Milk protein; Transcription factor (Malewski, T. 45 (1998) 29–44)

Protein DNA binding; Transcription initiation; Transcription regulation; Bacterium; Linguistics; Promoter region (Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 105–128)

Biochemistry

Biogenesis; Cognition; Evolution; Organization; Physics (Santoli, S. 42 (1997) 77–84)

Cell interaction; Cell synchronization; Catalysis; Cell count; Cell density; Cell membrane; Cell population; Glycolysis; Metabolism; Metabolite; Oscillation; Steady state; Yeast cell (Wolf, J. 43 (1997) 1–24) Evolution; Metabolism; Computer model (Acerenza, L. 39 (1996) 109–116)

Glycolysis; Mathematical parameters; Metabolite; Molecular dynamics; Oscillation; Phase transition; Multienzyme complex (Martinez de la Fuente, I.

35 (1995) 1–13)

Mathematical model; Oscillation; Cell function; Steady state; Methodology; Chaotic dynamics; Controlled study (De la Fuente, I.M. 50 (1999) 83–97)

Metabolic regulation; Enzyme activity; Evolution; Glycolysis; Adenosine triphosphate (Heinrich, R.

47 (1998) 61–77)

Organization; Biogenesis; Cell structure; Evolution; Metabolism; Liposome (Lyubarev, A.E. 42 (1997) 103–110)

Biodegradation

Cell growth; Sediment; Mathematical model; Bioreactor; Oxygen tension; Dilution; Hexadecane; Alkane; Dissolved oxygen (Berthe-Corti, L.

49 (1999) 161–189)

Biodiversity

Animal; Archaebacterium; Evolution; Molecular biology; Plant; Symbiosis (Margulis, L. 27 (1992) 39–51)

Biological rhythm; Glucose blood level; Insulin blood level; Oscillation; Diabetes mellitus; Data analysis; Nonlinear system; Chaotic dynamics; Glucose; Insulin (Kroll, M.H. 50 (1999) 189–201) Ecosystem; Eukaryote; Parasitism; Sea

(McMenamin, M.A.S. 31 (1993) 145–153) Ecosystem; Evolution (Wilson, E.O. 31 (1993) 235–242)

Bioenergy

Cell communication; Information science; Language; Linguistics; Molecular biology; Creativity;

Cybernetics; Developmental biology; Eukaryotic cell; Gene expression; Gene function; Gene location; Gene mapping; Genetic code; Molecular evolution; Molecular model; Nucleotide sequence; Phonetics; Physical parameters; Protein folding; Semantics; Signal processing; Sound; Structural gene; Vision; Amino acid; Cell DNA (Ji, S. 44 (1997) 17–39) Cell metabolism; Enzyme metabolism; Information processing; Computer system (Welch, G.R. 38 (1996) 147–153)

Respiratory chain; Metabolic regulation; Enzyme kinetics; Thermodynamics; Enzyme mechanism; Stoichiometry; Mathematical parameters; Adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium); Proton pump (Schuster, S. 49 (1999) 1–15)

Bioengineering

Absorption; Comparative study; Diffraction; Film; Kinetics; Spectroscopy; Bacteriorhodopsin; Triton x 100; Detergent; Gelatin (Cullin, D.W. 35 (1995) 141–144)

Adsorption; Photochemistry; Purple membrane; Spectroscopy; Ultraviolet radiation;

Bacteriorhodopsin; Fluorocarbon; Glass;

Hydrocarbon (Brizzolara, R.A. 35 (1995) 137–140) Computer model; Calculation; Chemical structure;

Device; Illumination; Memory; Photochemistry (Fujii, A. 35 (1995) 189–193)

Computer model; Cell; Molecular dynamics; Problem solving; Enzyme (Marijuan, P.C. 35 (1995) 167–170) Computer model; Information processing (Rambidi, N.G. 35 (1995) 195–198)

Computer program; Compartment model; Computer system; Molecule; Problem solving (Conrad, M.

35 (1995) 161–166)

Computer system; Macromolecule; Problem solving (Conrad, M. 35 (1995) 157–160)

Computer system; Quantum mechanics; Measurement (Matsuno, K. 35 (1995) 209–212) Electronics; Halobacterium halobium; Measurement; Photoreceptor; Photosynthesis; Purple membrane; Bacteriorhodopsin; Proton pump; Rhodopsin (Hong, F.T. 35 (1995) 117–121)

Enzyme immobilization; Electronics; Microencapsulation (Phadke, R.S. 35 (1995) 179–182)

Light absorption; Photochemistry; Electronics; Film; Purple membrane; Signal noise ratio;

Bacteriorhodopsin; Protein (Chen, Z. 35 (1995) 145–151)

Biogenesis

Adsorption; Chirality; Clay; Dust; Evolution; Protein synthesis; Biopolymer; Nucleoprotein (Nussinov, M.D. 42 (1997) 111–118)

Archaebacterium; Evolution; Gene duplication; Adenosine triphosphatase; Glutamate dehydrogenase (Hilario, E. 31 (1993) 111–119)

Biochemistry; Cognition; Evolution; Organization; Physics (Santoli, S. 42 (1997) 77–84)

Biochemistry; Organization; Cell structure; Evolution; Metabolism; Liposome (Lyubarev, A.E.

42 (1997) 103–110)

Chemotaxis; Catalysis; Metabolism;

Thermodynamics; Entropy; Polymer (Iida, K.

50 (1999) 61–69)

Climate; Evolution; Species differentiation (Tickell, C. 31 (1993) 93–98)

Evolution; Nonlinear system; Physics; Quantum mechanics (Conrad, M. 42 (1997) 177–190) Molecular dynamics; Evolution; Measurement; Motion; Quantum mechanics; Semantics (Matsuno, K. 42 (1997) 129–139)

Biological model

Ant; Computer simulation; Computer network; Productivity; Technique; Computer memory; Associative memory (Nugala, V. 45 (1998) 87–97) Computer model; Signal transduction; Calcium (Kraus, M. 27 (1992) 145–169)

Molecular biology; Mathematical parameters; Genetic organization; Information science; Molecular dynamics; Molecular interaction; Regulatory

mechanism (Thieffry, D. 50 (1999) 49–59)

Biological rhythm

Biodiversity; Glucose blood level; Insulin blood level; Oscillation; Diabetes mellitus; Data analysis; Nonlinear system; Chaotic dynamics; Glucose; Insulin (Kroll, M.H. 50 (1999) 189–201)

Cell cycle; Oscillation; Computer simulation (Lloyd, D. 27 (1992) 17–24)

Circadian rhythm; Oscillation; Cell division; Drosophila; Hypothesis; Mutation; Neurospora (Lloyd, A.L. 29 (1993) 77–85)

Computer model; Oscillation; Enzyme (De la Fuente, I.M. 39 (1996) 87–92)

Biomass

Bioreactor; Control system; Microbial growth; Negative feedback; Kinetics; Fermentation (Lenbury, Y. 49 (1999) 191–203)

Fungus culture; Growth rate; Bioreactor; Cell growth; Cell suspension; Continuous culture; Culture

medium; Feedback system; Metabolism; Monitoring; Optical density; Oscillation; Prediction; Statistics; Yeast cell; Alcohol; Glucose (Davey, H.M. 39 (1996) 43–61)

Plant growth; Photosynthesis; Mathematical model; Temperature; Lettuce (Pietka, J. 45 (1998) 21–27)

Biomedical technology assessment

Computer analysis; Molecular biology; Computer system; Device; Digital computer; Equipment; Information processing; Problem solving (Rambidi, N.G. 44 (1997) 1–15)

Biomedicine

Ecology; Ecosystem (Hiett, P.J. 47 (1998) 157–176)

Biophysics

Electronics; Information processing (Biczo, G.

35 (1995) 233–237)

Olfactory discrimination; Sensory nerve cell; Coding; Dendrite; Nerve fiber; Olfactory nerve; Physical model (Vermeulen, A. 40 (1997) 203–210)

Biopolymer

Biogenesis; Adsorption; Chirality; Clay; Dust; Evolution; Protein synthesis; Nucleoprotein (Nussinov, M.D. 42 (1997) 111–118) Chemical structure; Algorithm (Brodsky, L.I.

30 (1993) 65–79)

Chemical structure; Mathematics (Finkelstein, A.V.

30 (1993) 1–19)

Poliomyelitis virus; Protein structure; Algorithm; Virus protein (Leontovich, A.M. 30 (1993) 57–63)

Bioreactor

Cell growth; Sediment; Mathematical model; Oxygen tension; Dilution; Biodegradation; Hexadecane; Alkane; Dissolved oxygen (Berthe-Corti, L.

49 (1999) 161–189)

Control system; Microbial growth; Negative

feedback; Biomass; Kinetics; Fermentation (Lenbury, Y. 49 (1999) 191–203)

Fungus culture; Growth rate; Biomass; Cell growth; Cell suspension; Continuous culture; Culture

medium; Feedback system; Metabolism; Monitoring; Optical density; Oscillation; Prediction; Statistics; Yeast cell; Alcohol; Glucose (Davey, H.M. 39 (1996) 43–61)

Biosensor

Bilayer membrane; Lipid membrane; Nicotinic receptor; Alamethicin; Antigen; Bispecific antibody (Eray, M. 35 (1995) 183–188)

Enzyme electrode; Enzyme immobilization (Phadke, R.S. 27 (1992) 203–206)

Biosynthesis

Electromagnetic field; Ion transport; Mathematical model; Environmental exposure; Enzyme activity; Fracture healing; Leukemia; Adenosine

triphosphatase (potassium sodium) (Blank, M.

35 (1995) 175–178) Biotechnology

Electronics; Device; Japan; Technology (Watsuji, T.

35 (1995) 101–106)

Electronics (Conrad, M. 35 (1995) 99–100)

Metabolism; Inborn error of metabolism; Information processing; Data base; Information system

(Hofestadt, R. 47 (1998) 91–102)

Bird

Magnetic field; Orientation; Anisotropy; Chloroplast; Photoreceptor (Hong, F.T. 36 (1995) 187–229)

Bispecific antibody

Bilayer membrane; Biosensor; Lipid membrane; Nicotinic receptor; Alamethicin; Antigen (Eray, M.

35 (1995) 183–188) Bleaching

Film; Chemical genetics; Chemical modification; Image display; Photosensitivity; Purple membrane; Storage; Bacteriorhodopsin (Dyukova, T. 41 (1997) 91–98)

Bone marrow

Cytotoxicity; Hematopoiesis; Hematopoietic stem cell; Homeostasis; Animal tissue; Cell differentiation; Human tissue; Cytotoxic agent (Mehr, R. 26 (1992) 231–237)

Brain

Consciousness; Cognition; Liquid; Heart rhythm; Sensation; Perception; Experience; Psychobiology; Psychodynamics; Social life; Hormone (Rossi, E.L.

46 (1998) 113–122)

Language; Semantics (Matsuno, K. 27 (1992) 235–239)

Machine; Device; Information processing; Problem solving (Rambidi, N.G. 33 (1994) 45–54)

Machine; Measurement (Parisi, J. 42 (1997) 207–208)

Natural selection; Survival; Ant; Covariance; Evolution (Frank, S.A. 40 (1997) 237–243) Nerve cell network; Nerve stimulation; Computer simulation; Oscillator (Olypher, A.V. 42 (1997) 9–17)

Nerve conduction (Liberman, E.A. 46 (1998) 103–106)

Brain cell

Nerve cell network; Electric activity; Nerve cell; Simulation; Brain cortex; Rat; Animal cell; Newborn (Parodi, P. 48 (1998) 171–178)

Olfactory system; Sensory nerve conduction; Information processing; Frog; Electrophysiology; Gabaergic system; Dopaminergic system; Olfactory bulb; Nerve cell network; Cell subpopulation; Temporal cortex; Spike wave; Latent period; Experimental model (Duchamp-Viret, P. 48 (1998) 37–45)

Brain cortex

Brain function; Mathematical model; Algorithm; Electroencephalogram; Nervous system; Oscillation; Pattern recognition (Hirsch, M.W. 34 (1995) 173–195)

Calcium transport; Pyramidal nerve cell;

Hippocampus; Spike wave; Compartment model; Computer model; Computer program; Electric potential; Potassium channel; Sodium channel; Calcium cell level; Neocortex; Nerve cell network; Calcium ion (Marsalek, P. 48 (1998) 147–156)

Evolution; Natural selection; Computer simulation; Immune system; T lymphocyte receptor (Atamas, S.P. 39 (1996) 143–151)

Neocortex; Nerve cell network; Memory; Mathematical model; Synapse; Signal noise ratio (Mari, C.F. 48 (1998) 47–55)

Nerve cell network; Electric activity; Nerve cell; Simulation; Brain cell; Rat; Animal cell; Newborn (Parodi, P. 48 (1998) 171–178)

Thalamus; Somatosensory system; Computer model; Nerve cell network; Positive feedback (Gelenbe, E.

48 (1998) 67–75) Brain electrophysiology

Cell activity; Hippocampus; Nerve cell; Nerve cell network; Olfactory bulb; Statistical model; Action potential; Cell population; Electric activity; Granule cell; Ion current; Mitral cell; Oscillation; Pyramidal nerve cell (Erdi, P. 40 (1997) 45–53)

Brain function

Consciousness; Cytoskeleton; Microtubule; Quantum theory; Signal transduction (Jibu, M. 32 (1994) 195–209)

Consciousness; Nerve cell; Glia; Multiple personality (Mitterauer, B. 45 (1998) 99–121)

Consciousness; Quantum theory; Brain slice; Cell activity; Channel gating; Hippocampus; Ion channel; Nerve cell; Patch clamp (Arhem, P. 38 (1996) 191–198)

Emotion; Left hemisphere; Memory; Perception; Right hemisphere; Self concept (Bounias, M.

42 (1997) 191–205)

Mathematical model; Algorithm; Brain cortex; Electroencephalogram; Nervous system; Oscillation; Pattern recognition (Hirsch, M.W. 34 (1995) 173–195)

Molecular biology; Psychobiology; Behavior; Memory (Rossi, E.L. 38 (1996) 199–206) Nerve cell network (Erdi, P. 38 (1996) 179–189) Thalamocortical tract; Synapse; Nerve conduction; Frequency modulation; Oscillation; Spike wave (Hoppensteadt, F.C. 48 (1998) 85–94)

Brain slice

Brain function; Consciousness; Quantum theory; Cell activity; Channel gating; Hippocampus; Ion channel; Nerve cell; Patch clamp (Arhem, P. 38 (1996) 191–198)

Breast

Binding site; Computer analysis; Promoter region; Consensus sequence; Female; Gene; Gene sequence; Hormonal regulation; Nucleotide sequence; Rabbit; β-Casein; Transcription factor; DNA binding protein; Milk protein (Malewski, T. 36 (1995) 109–119)

Breathing

Glycolysis; Senescence; Thermogenesis;

Mitochondrion; Oscillation; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine triphosphate (Gilbert, D.A. 36 (1995) 1–5)

C

Calcineurin

Signal transduction; Cell function; Information processing; Second messenger; Protein phosphorylation; Thermodynamics; Cell

communication; Cell protein; Enzyme; Adenylate cyclase; Receptor; Cyclic AMP; Protein kinase; Phosphatase; 6-Phosphofructokinase; Glycogen phosphorylase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase 1; Cell surface receptor; Phosphodiesterase; Adrenalin; Phosphoprotein; Protein tyrosine kinase; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; S6 kinase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor; Fatty acid; Mitogen activated protein kinase; Glucagon; Phospholipase;

Phosphoprotein phosphatase (Fisher, M.J. 50 (1999) 159–171)

Calcium

Biological model; Computer model; Signal transduction (Kraus, M. 27 (1992) 145–169)

Calcium cell level; Cell membrane potential; Cytosol;

Oscillation; Potassium channel; Potassium (Despa, S.-I. 39 (1996) 233–240)

Cell communication; Glia cell; Nerve cell; Calcium cell level; Carbohydrate metabolism; Cell shape; Cytoplasm; Electrophysiology; Excitability;

Extracellular space; Invertebrate; Nerve cell network; Vertebrate; Neurotransmitter (Cooper, M.S. 34 (1995) 65–85)

Cell cycle; Mitosis; Protein phosphorylation; Cycline; Inositol trisphosphate; Protein tyrosine kinase; Ubiquitin (Baran, I. 33 (1994) 203–214) Nerve cell network; Smelling; Calcium channel; Female; Information processing; Lepidoptera; Male; Nerve cell; Nerve conduction; Pheromone (Av-Ron, E. 36 (1995) 101–108)

Nerve cell network; Smelling; Calcium channel; Insect; Nerve cell; Sex pheromone (Av-Ron, E.

39 (1996) 241–250) Calcium cell level

Calcium transport; Pyramidal nerve cell; Hippocampus; Brain cortex; Spike wave;

Compartment model; Computer model; Computer program; Electric potential; Potassium channel; Sodium channel; Neocortex; Nerve cell network; Calcium ion (Marsalek, P. 48 (1998) 147–156) Cell communication; Glia cell; Nerve cell; Carbohydrate metabolism; Cell shape; Cytoplasm; Electrophysiology; Excitability; Extracellular space; Invertebrate; Nerve cell network; Vertebrate; Calcium; Neurotransmitter (Cooper, M.S. 34 (1995) 65–85)

Cell membrane potential; Cytosol; Oscillation; Potassium channel; Calcium; Potassium (Despa, S.-I.

39 (1996) 233–240)

Nerve cell network; Nerve cell plasticity; Synaptic transmission; Hippocampus; Neocortex; Interneuron; Computer model; Neurotransmitter; Calcium ion; Phosphatase; Protein kinase (Silkis, I.G. 48 (1998) 205–213)

Oscillation; Phase transition (Eakin, T. 33 (1994) 177–192)

Calcium channel

Nerve cell network; Smelling; Female; Information processing; Lepidoptera; Male; Nerve cell; Nerve conduction; Calcium; Pheromone (Av-Ron, E.

36 (1995) 101–108)

Nerve cell network; Smelling; Insect; Nerve cell; Calcium; Sex pheromone (Av-Ron, E. 39 (1996) 241–250)

Calcium ion

Calcium transport; Pyramidal nerve cell; Hippocampus; Brain cortex; Spike wave;

Compartment model; Computer model; Computer program; Electric potential; Potassium channel; Sodium channel; Calcium cell level; Neocortex; Nerve cell network (Marsalek, P. 48 (1998) 147–156) Nerve cell network; Nerve cell plasticity; Synaptic transmission; Hippocampus; Neocortex; Interneuron; Computer model; Calcium cell level;

Neurotransmitter; Phosphatase; Protein kinase (Silkis, I.G. 48 (1998) 205–213)

Calcium transport

Pyramidal nerve cell; Hippocampus; Brain cortex; Spike wave; Compartment model; Computer model; Computer program; Electric potential; Potassium channel; Sodium channel; Calcium cell level; Neocortex; Nerve cell network; Calcium ion (Marsalek, P. 48 (1998) 147–156)

Calculation

Bioengineering; Computer model; Chemical structure; Device; Illumination; Memory; Photochemistry (Fujii, A. 35 (1995) 189–193) Mathematics (Resnikoff, H.L. 34 (1995) 259–272)

Carbohydrate metabolism

Cell communication; Glia cell; Nerve cell; Calcium cell level; Cell shape; Cytoplasm; Electrophysiology; Excitability; Extracellular space; Invertebrate; Nerve cell network; Vertebrate; Calcium; Neurotransmitter (Cooper, M.S. 34 (1995) 65–85)

Carbon dioxide

Alga; Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Active transport; Carbon dioxide transport; Cell compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle;

Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Thylakoid membrane; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57) Algorithm; Environmental temperature; Global climate; Greenhouse effect; Alga; Artificial intelligence; Desert; Estuary; Forest; Radiation; Vegetation (Noever, D.A. 39 (1996) 135–141) Scavenging system; Cell membrane;

Cyanobacterium; Diffusion; Enzyme activity; Mathematical model; Steady state; Thylakoid membrane; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase (Fridlyand, L. 37 (1996) 229–238)

Carbon dioxide fixation

Electron transport; Mathematical model; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic phosphorylation; Chloroplast; Oscillation; Oxidation reduction reaction; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; Reduced nicotinamide adenine

dinucleotide phosphate (Rovers, W. 35 (1995) 63–73)

Carbon dioxide transport

Alga; Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Active transport; Cell

compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle;

Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57)

Carbonate dehydratase

Alga; Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Active transport; Carbon dioxide transport; Cell compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular

distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle;

Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57)

Scavenging system; Cell membrane;

Cyanobacterium; Diffusion; Enzyme activity; Mathematical model; Steady state; Thylakoid membrane; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate (Fridlyand, L. 37 (1996) 229–238)

Carcinoembryonic antigen

Cell adhesion; Extracellular matrix; Cell cycle; Computer simulation; Signal transduction; Cell adhesion molecule; Growth factor; Integrin; Protein tyrosine kinase (Kraus, M. 33 (1994) 89–98)

Cardiovascular system

Control system; Medical research; Cell division; Cell volume; Electrocardiography; Stress (Zietz, S.

34 (1995) 41–46)

β-Casein

Binding site; Computer analysis; Promoter region; Breast; Consensus sequence; Female; Gene; Gene sequence; Hormonal regulation; Nucleotide

sequence; Rabbit; Transcription factor; DNA binding protein; Milk protein (Malewski, T. 36 (1995) 109–119)

Cat

Visual cortex; Nerve cell; Orientation; Corpus striatum; Visual field; Animal experiment; Animal model; Controlled study (Shevelev, I.A. 48 (1998) 195–204)

Catalysis

Biogenesis; Chemotaxis; Metabolism; Thermodynamics; Entropy; Polymer (Iida, K.

50 (1999) 61–69)

Cell interaction; Cell synchronization; Biochemistry; Cell count; Cell density; Cell membrane; Cell population; Glycolysis; Metabolism; Metabolite;

Oscillation; Steady state; Yeast cell (Wolf, J.

43 (1997) 1–24)

Enzyme activity; Hydrolysis; Conjugate;

Conjugation; Film; Semiconductor; pH measurement; Polymer; Urea; Urease; Polyethylene terephthalate; Nonactin (Eremeev, N.L. 45 (1998) 141–149) Metabolism; Metabolite; Computer simulation; Enzyme substrate; Mathematical analysis; Metabolic regulation; Titrimetry; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine phosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Enzyme; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Protein; Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Sauro, H.M. 33 (1994) 55–67)

Cell

Bioengineering; Computer model; Molecular dynamics; Problem solving; Enzyme (Marijuan, P.C.

35 (1995) 167–170)

Computer model (Paton, R.C. 29 (1993) 63–75) Electromagnetic field; Microtubule; Tubulin (Sataric, M.V. 39 (1996) 127–133)

Cell activity

Acoustic nerve fiber; Computer model; Single unit activity; Vocalization; Animal experiment; Auditory stimulation; Frequency modulation; Inferior colliculus; Mesencephalon; Receptive field (Kao, M.C. 40 (1997) 103–109)

Artificial neural network; Postsynaptic potential; Computer model; Spike; Nerve cell (Vaucher, G.

48 (1998) 241–246)

Brain function; Consciousness; Quantum theory; Brain slice; Channel gating; Hippocampus; Ion channel; Nerve cell; Patch clamp (Arhem, P.

38 (1996) 191–198)

Cell communication; Mathematical model; Nerve cell; Correlation function; Electroreceptor;

Forecasting; Methodology; Spike; Stochastic model (Longtin, A. 40 (1997) 111–118)

Computer model; Learning; Nerve cell;

Reinforcement; Decision making; Electric potential; Instrumental conditioning; Maze test; Spike (Halici, U. 40 (1997) 83–91)

Computer model; Nerve cell; Accuracy; Density; Probability (Giorno, V. 40 (1997) 65–74) Computer model; Nerve cell (Liberman, E.A.

35 (1995) 203–207)

Computer simulation; Movement perception; Nerve cell (Pallbo, R. 40 (1997) 141–148)

Excitation; Hysteresis; Nerve cell (Pakdaman, K.

40 (1997) 133–140)

Hippocampus; Computer simulation; Pyramidal nerve cell; Memory; Entorhinal cortex; Mathematical model; Neurotransmitter (Ventriglia, F. 48 (1998) 247–254)

Hippocampus; Nerve cell; Nerve cell network; Olfactory bulb; Statistical model; Action potential; Brain electrophysiology; Cell population; Electric activity; Granule cell; Ion current; Mitral cell; Oscillation; Pyramidal nerve cell (Erdi, P. 40 (1997) 45–53)

Nerve cell network; Stochastic model; Odor; Olfactory system; Smelling (Cottrell, M. 40 (1997) 29–35)

Nerve cell; Animal cell; Forecasting; Hypothesis; Snail; Spike (Chillemi, S. 40 (1997) 21–28) Nerve cell; Olfactory system; Animal cell;

Cockroach; Controlled study; Odor; Response time; Spike (Getz, W.M. 40 (1997) 55–63)

Nerve cell; Statistical model; Density; Probability (Elston, T.C. 40 (1997) 37–43)

Nerve cell; Statistical model; Diffusion; Nerve cell membrane potential; Spike (Giraudo, M.T. 40 (1997) 75–82)

Temporal lobe; Nerve cell; Visual stimulation; Monkey; Spike; Face; Receptive field (Van Rullen, R.

48 (1998) 229–239) Cell adhesion

Extracellular matrix; Cell cycle; Computer

simulation; Signal transduction; Carcinoembryonic antigen; Cell adhesion molecule; Growth factor; Integrin; Protein tyrosine kinase (Kraus, M.

33 (1994) 89–98)

Cell adhesion molecule

Cell adhesion; Extracellular matrix; Cell cycle; Computer simulation; Signal transduction;

Carcinoembryonic antigen; Growth factor; Integrin; Protein tyrosine kinase (Kraus, M. 33 (1994) 89–98)

Cell communication

Cell activity; Mathematical model; Nerve cell; Correlation function; Electroreceptor; Forecasting; Methodology; Spike; Stochastic model (Longtin, A.

40 (1997) 111–118)

Conformational transition; Allosterism; System analysis; Polymerization; Protein; Nucleic acid (Maekawa, K. 46 (1998) 217–233)

Glia cell; Nerve cell; Calcium cell level;

Carbohydrate metabolism; Cell shape; Cytoplasm; Electrophysiology; Excitability; Extracellular space; Invertebrate; Nerve cell network; Vertebrate; Calcium; Neurotransmitter (Cooper, M.S. 34 (1995) 65–85)

Information science; Language; Linguistics; Molecular biology; Bioenergy; Creativity;

Cybernetics; Developmental biology; Eukaryotic cell; Gene expression; Gene function; Gene location; Gene mapping; Genetic code; Molecular evolution; Molecular model; Nucleotide sequence; Phonetics; Physical parameters; Protein folding; Semantics; Signal processing; Sound; Structural gene; Vision; Amino acid; Cell DNA (Ji, S. 44 (1997) 17–39)

Signal transduction; Cell function; Information processing; Second messenger; Protein

phosphorylation; Thermodynamics; Cell protein; Enzyme; Adenylate cyclase; Receptor; Cyclic AMP; Protein kinase; Phosphatase; 6-Phosphofructokinase; Glycogen phosphorylase; Phosphoprotein

phosphatase 1; Cell surface receptor;

Phosphodiesterase; Adrenalin; Phosphoprotein; Protein tyrosine kinase; Calcineurin; Protein tyrosine phosphatase; S6 kinase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase inhibitor; Fatty acid; Mitogen activated protein kinase; Glucagon; Phospholipase; Phosphoprotein phosphatase (Fisher, M.J. 50 (1999) 159–171)

Thermogenesis

Glycolysis; Senescence; Breathing; Mitochondrion; Oscillation; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine triphosphate (Gilbert, D.A. 36 (1995) 1–5) Thermoregulation

Enzyme activity; Light; Regulatory mechanism; Signal transduction; Temperature (Varfolomeyev, S.D. 39 (1996) 35–42)

Thinking

Consciousness; Evolution; Emotion; Perception (Goerner, S. 46 (1998) 123–127)

Thylakoid membrane

Alga; Cell structure; Chloroplast; Intracellular transport; Active transport; Carbon dioxide transport; Cell compartmentalization; Cell membrane; Cell metabolism; Cell nucleus membrane; Cellular distribution; Cytoplasm; Cytoplasm vesicle; Mathematical model; Scavenging system; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase; Starch (Fridlyand, L.E. 44 (1997) 41–57)

Scavenging system; Cell membrane;

Cyanobacterium; Diffusion; Enzyme activity; Mathematical model; Steady state; Carbon dioxide; Bicarbonate; Carbonate dehydratase (Fridlyand, L. 37 (1996) 229–238)

Titrimetry

Metabolism; Metabolite; Catalysis; Computer simulation; Enzyme substrate; Mathematical analysis; Metabolic regulation; Adenosine diphosphate; Adenosine phosphate; Adenosine triphosphate; Enzyme; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Protein; Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Sauro, H.M. 33 (1994) 55–67)

Topography

Visual system; Frog; Optic tectum; Retina; Visual field (Somogyvari, Z. 48 (1998) 215–222)

Torsion

Information processing; Algorithm; Simulation; Semantics (Kirby, K.G. 46 (1998) 81–88)

Transcription factor

Binding site; Computer analysis; Promoter region; Breast; Consensus sequence; Female; Gene; Gene sequence; Hormonal regulation; Nucleotide sequence; Rabbit;β-Casein; DNA binding protein; Milk protein (Malewski, T. 36 (1995) 109–119) Gene control; Metabolism; Gene mutation; Phenotype; Genotype; Regulatory mechanism; Prediction (Sharp, D.H. 47 (1998) 79–90) Promoter region; Computer analysis; Gene

expression; Binding site; Milk protein (Malewski, T. 45 (1998) 29–44)

Transcription initiation

Gene control; Transcription regulation; Bacterium; Linguistics; Promoter region (Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 87–104)

Protein DNA binding; Transcription regulation; Bacterium; Binding site; Linguistics; Promoter region (Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 105–128)

Transcription regulation

Gene control; Operon; Gene expression; DNA (Collado-Vides, J. 47 (1998) 103–118)

Gene control; Transcription initiation; Bacterium; Linguistics; Promoter region (Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 87–104)

Protein DNA binding; Transcription initiation; Bacterium; Binding site; Linguistics; Promoter region (Collado-Vides, J. 29 (1993) 105–128)

Transducer

Physical model; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mathematics; Natural science; Statistics (Lewis, E.R. 34 (1995) 47–63)

Transport kinetics

Enzyme kinetics; Computer simulation (Sakamoto, N. 33 (1994) 99–110)

Travel

Computer simulation; Problem solving; Adaptive behavior; Algorithm; Intelligence; Reinforcement; Pheromone (Dorigo, M. 43 (1997) 73–81) Tree

Adaptation; Landscaping (Findlay, C.S. 32 (1994) 71–81)

Trinucleotide

Evolution; Nucleotide sequence; Molecular model; Genetic code; Gene frequency; Nucleic acid base substitution; Codon; Phylogeny (Arques, D.G. 49 (1999) 83–103)

Genetic code; Amino acid analysis; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Alanine; Amino acid; Asparagine; DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Lysine; Tyrosine; Valine (Arques, D.G. 44 (1997) 107–134)

Triosephosphate isomerase

Reaction analysis; Enzyme kinetics; Equilibrium constant; Thermodynamics; Methodology; Inorganic pyrophosphatase; Alcohol dehydrogenase (Bish, D.R. 47 (1998) 37–60)

Triton x 100

Bioengineering; Absorption; Comparative study; Diffraction; Film; Kinetics; Spectroscopy;

Bacteriorhodopsin; Detergent; Gelatin (Cullin, D.W. 35 (1995) 141–144)

Trypanosoma

Kinetoplast; Protozoon; Enzyme subunit; Evolution; Mitochondrion; RNA editing; RNA processing; Cytochrome C oxidase (Landweber, L.F. 28 (1992) 41–45)

Tubulin

Electromagnetic field; Microtubule; Cell (Sataric, M.V. 39 (1996) 127–133)

Spirochete; Protein family; Heat shock protein; Antibody (Munson, D. 31 (1993) 161–167) Tuna

Remote sensing; Migration; Simulation; Indian ocean; Mozambique; Seychelles; Artificial neural network; Environmental management (Dagorn, L. 44 (1997) 167–180)

Twins

Gene; Homosexuality; Sperm (MacIntyre, F. 31 (1993) 223–233)

Tyrosine

Genetic code; Amino acid analysis; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Alanine; Amino acid; Asparagine; DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine; Lysine; Trinucleotide; Valine (Arques, D.G. 44 (1997) 107–134)

U

Ubiquinol cytochrome C reductase Chlorobium; Cyanobacterium; Evolution; Helicobacter; Rhodobacter; Rhodopseudomonas; Bacteriochlorophyll; Chlorophyll; Cytochrome B (Meyer, T.E. 33 (1994) 167–175)

Ubiquitin

Cell cycle; Mitosis; Protein phosphorylation; Calcium; Cycline; Inositol trisphosphate; Protein tyrosine kinase (Baran, I. 33 (1994) 203–214) Ultrastructure

Ciliate; Morphogenesis; Phytogenesis (Eisler, K. 26 (1992) 239–254)

Evolution; Invertebrate; Physical anthropology (Janin, M.-C. 28 (1992) 169–178)

Ultraviolet radiation

Adsorption; Bioengineering; Photochemistry; Purple membrane; Spectroscopy; Bacteriorhodopsin; Fluorocarbon; Glass; Hydrocarbon (Brizzolara, R.A. 35 (1995) 137–140)

Electronics; Fluorescence microscopy; Dipole; Light; pH; Porphyrin; Arachidic acid (Yoneyama, M. 35 (1995) 113–116)

Unclassified drug

Molecular stability; Energy; Microsphere; Proteinoid (Muller-Herold, U. 33 (1994) 215–220)

United States

Ecosystem; Nervous system (Kangas, P.C. 26 (1992) 155–158)

Urea

Enzyme activity; Hydrolysis; Catalysis; Conjugate; Conjugation; Film; Semiconductor; pH measurement; Polymer; Urease; Polyethylene terephthalate;

Nonactin (Eremeev, N.L. 45 (1998) 141–149) Urease

Enzyme activity; Hydrolysis; Catalysis; Conjugate; Conjugation; Film; Semiconductor; pH measurement; Polymer; Urea; Polyethylene terephthalate; Nonactin (Eremeev, N.L. 45 (1998) 141–149)

V

Valine

Genetic code; Amino acid analysis; DNA helix; Eukaryote; Nucleotide sequence; Prokaryote; Statistical analysis; Protein; Alanine; Amino acid; Asparagine; DNA; Glutamine; Glycine; Leucine;

Lysine; Trinucleotide; Tyrosine (Arques, D.G. 44 (1997) 107–134)

Variance

Morphology; Development; Environment; Evolution; Information processing; Information science; Measurement; Plant leaf; Thermodynamics (Elitzur, A.C. 43 (1997) 41–53)

Visual cortex; Nerve cell stimulation;

Neurotransmission; Computer model; Monkey; Probability; Spike (Wiener, M.C. 48 (1998) 279–286)

Vegetation

Algorithm; Environmental temperature; Global climate; Greenhouse effect; Alga; Artificial intelligence; Desert; Estuary; Forest; Radiation; Carbon dioxide (Noever, D.A. 39 (1996) 135–141)

Velocity

Muscle isotonic contraction; Sarcomere; Computer simulation; Cooperation (Wunsch, Z. 37 (1996) 239–252)

Vertebrate

Cell communication; Glia cell; Nerve cell; Calcium cell level; Carbohydrate metabolism; Cell shape; Cytoplasm; Electrophysiology; Excitability;

Extracellular space; Invertebrate; Nerve cell network; Calcium; Neurotransmitter (Cooper, M.S. 34 (1995) 65–85)

Ciliary motility; Cytoskeleton; Electron transport; Intracellular transport; Microtubule; Computer simulation; Electrophysiology; Euglena gracilis; Photoreceptor; Protozoon; Adenosine triphosphatase (Insinna, E.M. 39 (1996) 187–226)

Society; Social environment; Information science; Economic aspect; Nervous system; Cell function (Marijuan, P.C. 46 (1998) 145–151)

Statistics; Immune system; Organization (Bonabeau, E. 39 (1996) 25–34)

Vibrio cholerae

Alga; Cholera; Plankton (Epstein, P.R. 31 (1993) 209–221)

Virtual reality

Molecular recognition; Escherichia coli; Flagellum; Methodology; Bacterial membrane; Computer model; Proton transporting adenosine triphosphate synthase (Lahoz-Beltra, R. 44 (1997) 209–229)

Virus

Classification; Fossil; Taxonomy (Anderson, C. 31 (1993) 99–109)

Evolution; Sea; Sediment (Emiliani, C. 31 (1993) 155–159)

Virus DNA

DNA sequence; Genome (Koonin, E.V. 30 (1993) 269–276)

Information science; Entropy; Music; Protein; DNA (Ebeling, W. 46 (1998) 47–55)

Virus protein

Poliomyelitis virus; Protein structure; Algorithm; Biopolymer (Leontovich, A.M. 30 (1993) 57–63)

Virus transmission

Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Infection prevention; Mathematical model; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Chemoprophylaxis;

Community; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Public health; Survival time; Antivirus agent; Didanosine; Zidovudine (Hsieh, Y.-H. 35 (1995) 75–81)

Viscometry

Archaebacterium; Cytoskeleton; Viscosity (Hixon, W.G. 29 (1993) 151–160)

Viscosity

Archaebacterium; Cytoskeleton; Viscometry (Hixon, W.G. 29 (1993) 151–160)

Vision

Cell communication; Information science; Language; Linguistics; Molecular biology; Bioenergy;

Creativity; Cybernetics; Developmental biology; Eukaryotic cell; Gene expression; Gene function; Gene location; Gene mapping; Genetic code; Molecular evolution; Molecular model; Nucleotide sequence; Phonetics; Physical parameters; Protein folding; Semantics; Signal processing; Sound; Structural gene; Amino acid; Cell DNA (Ji, S. 44 (1997) 17–39)

Computer model; Image processing; Information processing; Simulation (Rambidi, N.G. 36 (1995) 87–99)

Photon; Animal cell; Cell strain 3t3; Dipole; Electromagnetic field; Infrared radiation; Light; Mouse; Water (Jibu, M. 42 (1997) 65–73)

Visual cortex

Latent period; Nerve cell; Primate; Signal processing; Temporal cortex; Visual information; Visual system (Richmond, B.J. 40 (1997) 149–157)

Nerve cell stimulation; Neurotransmission; Computer model; Monkey; Probability; Variance; Spike (Wiener, M.C. 48 (1998) 279–286)

Nerve cell; Cat; Orientation; Corpus striatum; Visual field; Animal experiment; Animal model; Controlled study (Shevelev, I.A. 48 (1998) 195–204)

Visual field

Visual cortex; Nerve cell; Cat; Orientation; Corpus striatum; Animal experiment; Animal model; Controlled study (Shevelev, I.A. 48 (1998) 195–204) Visual system; Topography; Frog; Optic tectum; Retina (Somogyvari, Z. 48 (1998) 215–222)

Visual information

Visual cortex; Latent period; Nerve cell; Primate; Signal processing; Temporal cortex; Visual system (Richmond, B.J. 40 (1997) 149–157)

Visual memory

Face; Monkey; Nerve cell; Recognition (Treves, A. 40 (1997) 189–196)

Visual stimulation

Prediction; Smooth pursuit eye movement; Algorithm; Animal experiment; Eye position; Eye tracking; Hypothesis; Monkey; Primate; Saccadic eye movement; Signal processing; White noise (Deno, D.C. 34 (1995) 107–128)

Temporal lobe; Nerve cell; Cell activity; Monkey; Spike; Face; Receptive field (Van Rullen, R. 48 (1998) 229–239)

Visual system

Algorithm; Optics; Feasibility study; Genetics (Van Leijenhorst, D.C. 37 (1996) 177–187)

Proprioception; Feedback system; Sensory system; Artificial neural network; Mathematical analysis (Salomon, R. 47 (1998) 193–206)

Topography; Frog; Optic tectum; Retina; Visual field (Somogyvari, Z. 48 (1998) 215–222)

Visual cortex; Latent period; Nerve cell; Primate; Signal processing; Temporal cortex; Visual information (Richmond, B.J. 40 (1997) 149–157) Visual transduction

Conformation; Electron transport; Information processing; Molecular recognition; Signal transduction (Hong, F.T. 27 (1992) 189–194) Vocalization

Acoustic nerve fiber; Computer model; Single unit activity; Animal experiment; Auditory stimulation; Cell activity; Frequency modulation; Inferior colliculus; Mesencephalon; Receptive field (Kao, M.C. 40 (1997) 103–109)

Voluntary movement

Cerebellum injury; Head movement; Motor control; Computer simulation; Control system; Controlled study; Electromyography (Ramos, C.F. 34 (1995) 129–141)

W

Wakefulness

Consciousness; Sleep (Mishra, R.K. 34 (1995) 149–160)

War

Information science; Conflict; Military phenomena; Workshop (Dockery, J. 38 (1996) 253–257)

Social evolution; Cultural anthropology; Technology; Government (Stonier, T. 46 (1998) 193–199)

Water

Molecular dynamics; Enzyme mechanism; Protein interaction; Thermodynamics; Protein (Watterson, J.G. 41 (1997) 141–152)

Photon; Vision; Animal cell; Cell strain 3t3; Dipole; Electromagnetic field; Infrared radiation; Light; Mouse (Jibu, M. 42 (1997) 65–73)

Water transport

Intestine cell; Fish; Ion transport; Computer simulation; Steady state; Intracellular transport; Michaelis menten kinetics; Cell volume; Membrane potential; Absorption; Apical membrane; Basolateral membrane; Simulation; Polarization and

depolarization; Osmotic diuresis; Sodium chloride; Fresh water; Sea water; Adenosine triphosphatase (potassium sodium) (Movileanu, L. 45 (1998) 123–140)

Whale

Evolution; Longevity; Sex difference; Aging;

Female; Mathematical model; Reproduction (Rossler, R. 36 (1995) 179–185)

White noise

Prediction; Smooth pursuit eye movement; Algorithm; Animal experiment; Eye position; Eye tracking; Hypothesis; Monkey; Primate; Saccadic eye movement; Signal processing; Visual stimulation (Deno, D.C. 34 (1995) 107–128)

Work

Information system; Adaptation; Productivity; Society (De Vree, J.K. 38 (1996) 221–227) Workshop

Information science; Conflict; Military phenomena; War (Dockery, J. 38 (1996) 253–257)

Information system; Mathematics

(Carvalho-Rodrigues, F. 38 (1996) 229–234)

X

X-ray crystallography

Amino acid sequence; Protein conformation; Chemical structure; Crystal structure; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Alanine; Oligopeptide;

Polypeptide antibiotic agent (Bhatnagar, S. 34 (1995) 143–148)

Y

Yeast

Glycolysis; Metabolic regulation; pH; System analysis (Rinast, K.-A. 32 (1994) 211–221)

Yeast cell

Cell interaction; Cell synchronization; Biochemistry; Catalysis; Cell count; Cell density; Cell membrane; Cell population; Glycolysis; Metabolism; Metabolite; Oscillation; Steady state (Wolf, J. 43 (1997) 1–24) Fungus culture; Growth rate; Biomass; Bioreactor; Cell growth; Cell suspension; Continuous culture; Culture medium; Feedback system; Metabolism; Monitoring; Optical density; Oscillation; Prediction; Statistics; Alcohol; Glucose (Davey, H.M. 39 (1996) 43–61)

Z

Zidovudine

Human immunodeficiency virus infection; Infection prevention; Mathematical model; Virus transmission; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome;

Chemoprophylaxis; Community; Human

immunodeficiency virus 1; Public health; Survival time; Antivirus agent; Didanosine (Hsieh, Y.-H. 35 (1995) 75–81)

Zinc

Amino acid sequence; Proteinase (Kister, A. 30 (1993) 233–240)

Zygote

Ontogeny; Organization; Integrated circuit; Silicon (Sipper, M. 44 (1997) 193–207)