4
course, which emphasizes the needs of the learners to acquire the functions of language, should be established. This research, nevertheless, concerns a design for
integrated materials based on learners’ needs to meet guests’ demands for English proficiency as a personal guide.
1.3 Problem Limitation
A hotel company has a complex organization of management. Nevertheless, one division, which plays an outstanding role, is that of the hotel
front office, which consists of the front office manager, desk representative, night manager, cashier, reservationists, telephone operator, bell-boy and especially,
concierge personnel which only exist in five star hotels as personal guides Foster, 1992: 22. However, the main focus of the study is only on the concierge
personnel, because they, as personal guides, convey personality of the hotel to the guests and handle the guests’ needs during their stay. Therefore, it is necessary for
them to acquire sufficient communication ability. The language used by the concierge personnel is one important factor in
communication. This is due to the concierge personnel duties, which directly deal with the public as hotel guides.
The writer chooses integrated English instructional materials, according to their needs, for the concierge personnel who have to equip themselves with good
English skills, not only in speaking but also in writing, reading and listening.
1.4 Problem Formulation
Based on the background of the study, there are two research questions formulated in this study:
5
1. How a set of instructional English speaking materials for concierge
personnel in five stars hotel is designed? 2.
What do the designed materials look like?
1.5 Research Objectives
This study is conducted in order to find out how a set of integrated English instructional materials for concierge personnel is designed. All the theories
presented in Chapter II are explained, in order to answer the first question. The second objective is to answer the second question which asks what a set of
integrated English instructional materials for concierge personnel will look like.
1.6 Research Benefits
This designed material is intended to give some benefits to: 1.
Concierge personnel The result of the design may become one of the sources of
integrated English instructional materials for concierge personnel. These designed materials may help them to learn English more easily and to
know the simple daily expressions in order to be able to communicate with foreign guests.
2. Tourism Academy Students
The result of the design may become one of the sources of integrated English instructional materials for Tourism Academy Students.
3. English Instructors
6
The result of this designed material may also help English instructors to teach integrated skills to other concierge personnel at other
resorts. They will have a set of instructional materials that can be used as a guidance book in teaching-learning activities.
4. Other designers
This designed material will also give information to those who are interested in designing English materials. It may be used as a supplement
book to do other designs.
1.7 Definition of the Terms
To make the design clear and avoid ambiguous interpretations, some important terms are defined as follows:
1. Design
The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Hornby, 2000: 340 defines “to design” as the art or process of deciding how something will
look, work, etc., especially by making plans or drawing models of it. It also means to think and plan a system.
In this thesis, design, means creating a new set of materials that fits the learners’ needs based on the learning objectives or target language.
2. Instructional Materials
Instructional materials mean a set of units, which are used by the teacher or instructors and the learners as the focus of discussion in the
teaching-learning process Sarigon, 1983:32
7
In this thesis, instructional materials mean designed materials that contain a set of information, ideas, pictures, games, questions that will be
used in teaching and learning activities, inside and outside the class, which support the target language.
3. Concierge
The Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture 2002: 264 concierge
as a person working in a hotel who looks after the special needs of the guests. The Dictionarie de la langue francaise Arifin and
Soemargono, 2001: 196 defines concierge as a guard or a person who works in a big company andor his characteristic is talking. While
Bambang interview, 20 June 2006 bell captain of Amanjiwo defines, concierge as a person who works in a hotel whose jobs are to pick up and
drop guests’ luggage, and drive them by car to the tourism resorts. In this thesis, concierge, means a person who works in a hotel and
whose jobs are picking up from and dropping off to the airport, guests. They also handle guests’ luggage and their most important job is handle
guests as personal guides when they visit tourism resorts. 6. Personal Guide
Warni 2004 defines a personal guide as a person who is hired by a guest personally to show himher the way to different places. It means
especially somebody employed to show tourists around interesting places.
8
In this thesis, personal guide, means a person who works as guests’ assistant, who accompanies guests to tourism destinations, and explains
about the places of interest and the potential things about surrounding area. 7.
Integrated Materials The Integrated Materials Enright and McCloskey, 1988 serves as
a basis for the integrated curriculum. This model has seven basic research- based assumptions. Language is best learned: 1 collaboratively,
involving students working with both peers and adults Ramírez, 1991; Brumfit, 1984; Goodlad, 1984; 2 in a socially supportive environment
Ventriglia, 1982; 3 in a holistic manner, integrating reading, writing, listening, and speaking; and integrating language and content Rigg, 1991;
Goodman, Bird, and Goodman, 1991; 4 when new learning is built upon, and takes advantage of students previous cultural and learning
experiences California State Department of Education, 1987; 5 when teachers develop curriculum around student interests Moring, 1986; 6
when students feel ownership of classroom projects and experiences Cummins, 1989; and 7 when teachers provide a wide variety of
materials, instructional strategies, and ways for students to participate First et al., 1991; Hawkins, 1973. The Webster’s New College Dictionary
Merriam, 1957: 437 defines integrated materials as unite or become united to form a complete or perfect whole; unify. The Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary Horby, 1989: 651 defines integrated materials as various things fitting well together. Integrated materials refer to a set of
9
instructional materials that cover all four skills of language Richards and Rogers, 1988: 64
In this thesis, integrated materials mean a set of instructional materials that develop learners’ English skills, listening, reading, speaking
and writing and link topics, to develop their language component in grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
