belief, action, feeling, and
intention. conducted
before a teacher
employs a textbook.
select textbooks -
How a textbook suits to teachers, students, and
administrators Belief
- The presence of
textbooks in class -
How the appropriate textbooks selection
contributes to the success of teaching
learning process
- Language skills a
textbook should expose most
Action -
Teachers‟ autonomy to select textbooks
- Steps employed in
selecting textbooks -
Considerations underlain the choice s
- Problems in practice
Feeling -
Feeling when selecting textbooks
- Success and failure of
conducting textbooks selection
Intention -
Intentions to do in the future textbooks
selection Table 2.3. Construct of Theoretical Framework of Study
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter aims to discuss the methodology employed in the research to answer the research question stated in Chapter I. It involves six primary sections
namely 1 research method, 2 nature and source of data, 3 data gathering instruments, 4 data gathering techniques, 5 data processing, and 6
trustworthiness.
A. Research Method
This study aims at describing the SMA English teachers‟ lived experience in selecting textbooks. Therefore, qualitative method is appropriate for this study
since qualitative research emphasizes on people‟s lived experience, which is well suited for locating the meanings people place on the events, processes, and
structures of their lives Van Manen, 1977 in Miles and Huberman, 1994. In line with this, Cresswell 2002: 18 also states that by using qualitative research, the
researcher is able to make knowledge claims based on the multiple meanings of individual experiences. Phenomenology tries to describe how people experience
some phenomenon, how to perceive, describe, feel, judge, remember, make sense of it and talk about the phenomenon with others Patton, 2002: 104.
Further, hermeneutics phenomenology approach was applied in this study. Hermeneutics is the art of interpreting. Hermeneutics focuses on the significance
that an aspect of reality takes on for the people under study. Phenomenology
38
becomes hermeneutical when its method is taken to be interpretive rather than purely descriptive as in transcendental phenomenology Manen, 1990.
To conduct a phenomenological hermeneutic research is to attempt to accomplish the impossible: to construct a full interpretative description of some
aspect of the life world, and yet to remain aware that lived life is always more complex than any explication of meaning can reveal Manen, 1990. Therefore,
through this study the researcher tries to describe the teachers‟ lived experience in selecting textbooks and interpret it, which aims at gaining the essential meanings
of the lived experience itself. In this study, the researcher would like to search how the teachers
experience the essence of selecting textbooks. Manen 1990 claims the word “essence” does not have to mean some fundamental core or residue of meaning;
but it can mean bringing the bodily nature of human experience into foreground. Besides, the researcher also tried to reveal how things appear directly to human
rather than through the media or cultural symbolic structures Cohen et. al., 2001: 24. That is why data was taken directly from the participant, not secondhand data
Patton, 2002: 104.
B. Nature and Source of Data
The nature of data was narrative text, getting from a sequence of in-depth interviews, artifacts collection or document checks on the selected textbooks,
te achers‟ lesson plans, syllabus, and curriculum, and field notes gained from
observations. It is in line with Miles and Huberman 1994: 9, who claim that the nature of qualitative data refers to essence of people, objects, and situation. The
