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2.1.1.1 Definition of Perception
A person’s perception in facing phenomena and things will be different one to another. In this study, the researcher investigates the students’ perceptions
on the use of mind mapping to develop their organization of ideas in speaking. Perception from a student will be different from other students. Perception in this
study means the students’ point of view in facing phenomena and things. Szilagyi and Wallace 1980: 70 define that perception is the process which individuals
attend to incoming stimuli, organize, and then interpret such stimuli into a message that in turn indicates an appropriate action and behavior.Perception
represents the human mind and it has some stages of process. According to Huffman et al. 1997: 89 perception is the process of chosing, organizing, and
interpreting the sensory data into the mental representation of the real situation or object. While Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnely 1985 mention that “perception
is the cognitive process from an individual in giving meaning to the enviroment” p. 60.
In accordance of a stimuli to be a perception, there are some steps in the process of perception. According to Huffman et al. 1997: 89, perception has
three steps. The steps are: a.
Selection : A person selects the stimuli which we will pay attention. b.
Organization: After he has selected the stimuli, he must arrange and organize the stimuli into the patterns and principles which will help
him to understand the information on what we pay attention.
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Interpretation: This is the final stage of perception. This stage can be influenced by some factors, such as early life experiences, perceptual
expectancy, cultural factors, needs and interests, and frames of reference. Thus, Gibson et al. 1985: 61 mentions that the
intepretation of perception includes objects, symbols, and people in the light of pertinent experiences.
2.1.1.2. Factors Influencing Perception
The difference of everyone’s perception can be influenced by some factors. Altman et al. 1985: 86 defines some factors influencing perception.
Those factors are: a.
Selection of stimuli There are many stimuli that come up in our surrounding. From all
of the stimuli, the focus is only on a small number. People select certain stimuli and filter out others. The selection of stimuli from one person to
another person can be different. b.
Organization of stimuli After people has already selected a certain stimuli, the stimuli has
to be arranged. The stimuli are arranged into a screening process so that it will be meaningful information. The arrangement of stimuli affects the
perception.
14 c.
The situation The third factor influencing perception is the situation. A person
familiarity, expectations, and experiences in her past affect what the person perceives about a certain thing. Perceiving a situation also has a
close relation with the way how a person adjusts her or his behavior to situations. For example, a teacher who is not from teaching training
program in his or her college will find difficulty to manage the classroom, or to understand the norms and values in the field of teaching.
d. The person’ self-concept
Self-concept is the way how people feel and perceive about themselves. The way people see themselves affects their perception of the
world around them. The person’ self-concept is important because the mental picture of the person will influence much on how they perceive and
do in their life. In the study, those factors of perception are important to be used. Those
factors can be used as the basis information of the implementation on how the students’ perceive the use of mind mapping.
2.1.2 Speaking
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