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long been observed as stress-filled based upon the physical labor, human suffering, work hours, staffing, and interpersonal relationships that are central to
the work nurses do. Since the mid- 1980s, however, nurses’ work stress may be
rising due to the increasing use of technology, continuing rises in health care costs Jennings; 1994 and unstability within the work environment Jennings; 2007.
Then managers must be aware, and sensitive to the negative factors in workplace of the nurses, especially about job stress, that influence them health
and have significant effects on job satisfaction and performance.
2.1.1 Potential Sources of Stress
Robbin 2003 Found there are three categories of potential stressors: environmental, organizational, and individual. Whether they become actual stress
depends on individual differences such as job experience and personality. Enviromental Factors
. Just as environmental uncertainty influences the design of an
organization’s structure, it also influences stress level among employee in that organization. Economic uncertainties, political uncertainties, and technological
uncertainties are included to environmental factors
Organizational Factors .
Another factor affecting the stress levels of employees are organizational factors. There are several things that can be categorized as a cause of stress,
namely: task demands, role demands, interpersonal demands, Organizational Structure, Organizational Leadership.
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Individual Factors .
The typical individual works about 40 to 50 hours a week. But the experiences and problems that people encounter in those 120-plus non work hours
each week can spill over the job. Our final category, then, encompasses factors in the employees personal life. Primarily, these factors are family issues, personal
economic problem, and inherent personality characteristic.
2.1.2 Consequences of Stress
Stress show itself in number of ways. For instance, an individual who is experiencing a high level of stress may develop high blood pressure, ulcers,
irritability, difficulty in making routine decisions, loss of appetite, and the like
robbin, 2003. While Negative stress or distress has been linked with coronary disease, nervous conditions, and degenerative diseases McGuigan, 1999. Robbin
2003 found three general categories the consequences of stress: physiological, psychological, and behavioural symptoms.
Physiological symptoms .
Most of the early concern with stress was directed At physiological symptoms. This was predominantly due to the fact that the topic was researched in
the health and medical sciences. This research led to the conclusion that stress could create changes in metabolism, increase heath and breathing rates, increase
blood pressure, bring on headaches, and induce hearth attacks.
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Psychological symptoms .
Stress can cause dissatisfaction. In fact, this consequence is the simplest and most obvious psychological effect of stress. But stress shows itself in other
psychological states- for instance, tension, anxiety, irritability, boredom, and procrastination.
Behavioural symptoms .
Include changes in productivity, absence, and turn over, as well as changes in eating habits, increased smoking or consumption of alcohol, rapid speech,
fidgeting, and sleep disorder.
2.2 Organizational Support
