CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
This chapter describes about the data colletion, data analysis and the presentation of the finding. The data collection explains the type of the research, subject of the
research, data, methods of data collection, and data classification. Furthermore, data analysis will present the method of analysing the data. Presentation of the
findings explains the way of describing findings, in that the formal and informal ways are used to describe the data.
A. Data Collection
1. Type of the Research
The research on politeness in speech act of request belongs to pragmatics approach, and it also conducts a Qualitative Research to collect
the data. The qualitative research focuses on the interactive processes and context of the interaction. It is likely to collect, analyse and intrepret the
data simultaneously and it tends to create new concepts and emphasize constructing theoretical construction Neuman, 2006: 15. The purpose of
the research concerned on a Descriptive research, in which it presents the specific details of situation, social setting or relationship Neuman, 2006:
35. Descriptive research, in this opportunity, showed and presented the data analysis descriptively.
2. The Subject of the Research
The research focuses on the request utterances that occured in the notary office, the request uttered by the requester in Sambas Dialect of
Malay. The requesters include: a.
The notary The notary is Ms. Fitriyani, SH, M.Kn. She is a forty year-old woman
who got her master degree from Diponegoro University. She is a malay and she comes from Sambas. In her daily life, she speaks
Sambas Dialect of Malay to her staff and certain clients. b.
The staff The notary has two staff, and the staff have their own responsibility.
The first staff is called Winy, she is a twenty eight year old married woman. She has been working with the notary for three years, and she
is a trusted staff. She is responsible for the sheafs in the office, and the requirements for signing process. Meanwhile, the second staff is
Wawan. He is twenty three year old, and he handles the field work. He is responsible to the sheafs in the Land National Affair, and Bank.
c. The clients
There are three ethnics in Sambas, it includes Malayan, Chinese, Dayaknese. The
notary‟s clients are those belong to the three ethnics, they come to the office to consult their problem and ask the notary to
find the solutions. The study only focuses on the clients who are
Malayan and can speak Sambas Dialect of Malay, it concerns with the way a speaker minimizes hearer‟s face in requesting hisher want.
3. Data
The data consists of the speech act of request. The requests are made by the notary, staff and clients. There are 14 conversations in Sambas Dialect
of Malay recorded in the notary, and the conversation duration went on from six until thirty five minute long. From 14 conversation in Sambas
Dialect of Malay, there are 46 utterances categorized as speech act of requesting.
4. Methods of Data Collection
In order to collect the data in the Notary Office, the writer uses observation according to Sudaryanto 1993: 133-135. Here, the writer
observes the conversations between the notary, staff and clients. Observation could be conducted in two ways, those are:
a. Participant observation
In this technique, Sudaryanto explained that the researcher could be active or receptive. It can be called active, if the speaker involved in
the conversation process or became the interlocutor. Meanwhile, the researcher is receptive if heshe only observed the conversation to
gather the data, and the participant of the observation engages the researcher in hisher conversation.
In the research, the writer was receptive, as an apprentice staff in the office, she did what the staff did in the office. While working, she
gathered the data by observing the context of conversation. The researcher did not involve in the conversation, but the notary or clients
made requests because of the researcher‟s presence. b.
Non-participant observation In this technique, the writer observed and did not take a part in the
conversation. The request utterances emerged in the conversation between the notary and client, or the notary and staff.
c. Recording
Sudaryanto 1988:4 claims that in recording the data, source of the data should not know that the conversation is being recorded. In the
research, the writer turned on the media recorder when clients came and the clients did not know about the presence of media recorder. The
writer sometimes has problem with the media recorder, therefore she observed the conversation while taking note.
d. Note taking
Moloeng 2009:232 claims that note taking is a complement of recorded data. The researcher used a recorder to record the data
directly, and in order to get unreachable data, she wrote the conversation in a note.
e. Orthograpic transcription
After collecting the data by recording or taking notes, the researcher transcribed the data in orthography way. The researcher wrote the
conversation by using the orthographic of Sambas Dialect of Malay and translated the transcription into Indonesian and English.
5. Data Classification
There are 14 conversations in the notary office recorded by using media player with the duration six until thirty five minute long for each
conversation. From all the recorded data and note-taking method, there are forty six request utterances that can be classified into politeness strategies.
B. Data Analysis
