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According to Gardner and Lambert 1972, they identified two forms of motivation: instrumnetal and integrative. Instrumental motivation is the reflection
of an external need. The learners are not learning a language because they want to although this does not imply that they do not want to, but rather because they
need to. For example, they need to read texts in language in order to work. The factor of this motivation is an external one. Integrative motivation, on the other
hand, derives from a desire on the part of the learners to be members of the speech comunity that uses a particular language. It means that the desire to perform an act
for its own sake. For example, someone reads literary books for his or her own interest and pleasure, not for his or her needs to get a reward. As stated
previously, there are some drives or reasons or motives which cause people to conduct an action.
B. Theoretical Framework
To conduct this study, some theories are applied. The first theory employed in this study is the theory of perception. It will help the researcher to
determine the factors which influence the students’ perception on the study of literature. This theories help the researcher to answer the first problem.
Perception is defined as an individual’s process of organizing and interpreting impressions of the environment so that the impressions will be
meaningful Robbins, 1997. There are also other theories about perception, but the main point is not really different that is dealing with the individual’s
organizing and interpreting impressions of the environment. Perception on
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teaching-learning activities is defined as individual’s process of organizing and interpreting impressions of the activities of anything done by the teachers to
facilitate learners to precede English acquisition. In organizations theory, Gibson et al. 1985 provides a perceptual process in the form of diagram, and there are
six factors influencing someone’s perception. The researcher tries to analysis the first problem by using theory of factors that affect someone’s perception. Based
on Gibson, there are six factor influencing someone’s perception, which are stereotyping, selectivity, self-concept, situation, needs, and emotion. In this study
not all factors influencing someone’s perception. Factors which influence someone’s perception are selectivity, self – concept, situation, needs and emotion.
Besides the factors above, the researcher uses the theory of attitude to know whether or not the students have positive perceptions towards the study.
According to Man Azwar 1988, there are 3 components of attitude which are cognitive, affective and action components. The students have positive
perceptions if they have positive attitude towards the literary works. On the other hand, the students have negative perceptions if they have negative attitude.
The second theory is about literature. The researcher discusses this theory because literature is the object which has been investigated. There are three
discussions in this section: the nature of literature, the form of literature, and the function of literature in English Education.
The last theory is about motivation because it helps the researcher to gain insight the students’ motivation in learning literature. Actually, it is an additional
theory because there are other findings in this study. Those theories give lots of
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contribution because it gives knowledge and information needed to conduct this study. The information can be used to elaborate and strengthen the study.
Therefore, it gives better understanding toward the theory and the study itself.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents detailed information about the research methodology used to answer the research question stated in chapter I. The discussion involves
the research method, research participants and setting, research instruments, data gathering techniques, data analysis techniques, and research procedures.
A. Research Method
This study applied the qualitative survey to carry out the analysis. A qualitative approach is described as an approach which is used to gather data
systematically, but the data is purely descriptive, and therefore not numerical Sprinthall et al., 1991. Qualitative measures the described events, people in-
depth. Qualitative data consist of detailed descriptions of situation, events, people, interactions, and observed behaviors; direct quotations from people about their
experience, event, beliefs Patton, 1980. This study belongs to qualitative approach since it gathered purely descriptive data about the students’ perception
on the study of literature courses in English Language Teaching. According to Wiersma 1995, surveys are used to measure attitudes,
opinions, or achievement, and any number of variables in natural settings. Survey is used to gain the data needed for this research. In survey research, the
relationship of sociological and psychological variables are determined and interpreted.
