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1.6 Definition of Terms
This research uses the terms of perception, reflection, and awareness. The following is the definition of each term.
1.6.1. Perception
Huffman and Vernoy 1997: 97 state that “perception is a process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory data into useful mental
representation of the world”. Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985 define perception as the way stimuli are selected and grouped by a person so that they
can be meaningfully interpreted. In this research, perception deals with a way people select, organize, and interpret particular things around them.
1.6.2. Reflection
There are some definitions of reflection. First, reflection is looking back and making sense of your practice, learning from this and using this learning to
affect your future action Ghaye, 1996. Second, Watson states that “reflection is activity that consists of transforming given information in order to reach
conclusion” 1996: 1. Third, Reflection is a way of thinking about educational matters that involves the ability to make rational choices to assume responsibility
for those choices Burden and Bryd, 1999. In this research, reflection is an activity of looking and thinking back of previous learning which involves the
ability of making choices and taking responsibility.
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1.6.3. Awareness
Lier 1996 describes awareness as knowing what you are doing and why. Moreover, Hendricks 1981 defines awareness as willingness to examine all our
values, beliefs, and past actions to see if they best serve our overall development. In this research, awareness deals with knowing and examining what we have done
in the learning activity.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the review of related literature of the research consisting of the theoretical description, review of related studies, and the
theoretical framework of the research. The theoretical description discusses some theories which relevant to the research. The review of related studies discusses
some studies which are similar to this research. The theoretical framework relates the theories in the former part to this research.
2.1 Theoretical Description
This part reviews some theories related to the research. The theoretical description is divided into four points which are perception, self assessment,
reflection, and learning awareness.
2.1.1 Perception
Huffman and Vernoy 2000: 107 state that “perception is a process of selecting, organizing and interpreting sensory data into useful mental
representation of the world”. The first process of perception is selecting. Here, the process deals with choosing stimuli to pay attention with. It is difficult to pay
attention to many things, on the other hand, it is easier to pay attention to one thing. Thus, directing attention is the first thing to do in creating a perception.
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