negative changes because their condition becomes worse 1974: 71. A static character is a person who does not come to the development of the character although
he faces many problems in his life. On the other hand, dynamic character is based on the change of the character, whether the change of the personality or the outlooks.
Changed characters can be change in better or worse characters. William Hudson wrote an author’s success in characterization depends on his
method in giving detailed description toward his characters. In a play performance, characterization can be shown from gestures, make up, customs, and the look of the
characters. Different with novel, all those principles descriptions are based merely on orders imagination only. Thus, it is very important for an author to give vivid
description about his characters. There are two methods of characterizing characters in a story: direct or analytical and indirect or dramatic methods. In the former
method, a novelist pictures his characters from outside, gives the reader detailed information. The novelist informs their passion, motives, thought, and feeling,
explains and comments. The author also gives judgment upon his characters. In the later method, a novelist leaves the characters to reveal themselves through their
dialogues and action, and portrait of a character through comment or judgment from other characters 1958: 147.
2. Theory of Personality
Byrne and Kelley consider one’s personality as a dynamic process for it can change throughout one’s life 1981: 87. Further, they stated that personality change
can occur when there is a condition that leads to new emotion, information, or responses 1981: 533. The earliest years of life are important to form the basis for an
adult personality. However, there is no final personality. Therefore, he or she then may behave in a totally new way, it means that new emotions may be formed and
new attitudes will develop. Moreover, Byrne and Kelley, point out also that when an individual is faced to new facts, there may be dramatic changes in the info-belief
system, new expectancies, and perhaps new emotional responses and attitudes as well.
Elizabeth Hurlock in her book Personality Development stated that an individual’s personality pattern is the product of learning during the course of social
relationships with people both within and outside his home. There are three major factors which determine the development of one personality pattern. First of all is the
individual’s heredity endowment, the second is the early experiences within one’s family, and the last is important events outside one’s home environment. Therefore
one’s personality pattern comes from the interaction of the second and third factors 1974: 19. This statement above means that personality development depends on the
important events that happen in a person’s early life and the persons who take part in them.
According to Kalish, although later in life other people become important, however, parents are the most influential figures in his first years. In other words,
children get their early experiences from their home and their parents play an important role in shaping their personality pattern 1973: 205.
The personality development can be influenced by some factors. Horton and Hunt say that the factors that can influence the personality are heredity, physical
environment, and culture 1980: 114. Heredity is an inherent factor from our parents, which is presented from born. Physical environment is the environment around us,
such as parents, siblings, friends, and other people. Culture in society would also lead a development in a personality through experiences which were experienced by the
people in the society.
3. Theory of Motivation
