Theory of Character Theory of Character and Characterization

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter deals with two main parts. First is review of related theories, which consist of theory of character and characterization, theory of feminism and post feminism. Second is theoretical framework which explains the contribution of the theories in this study in solving the problem as stated in problem formulation in chapter I.

A. Review of Related Theories

In this study, I am going to analyze Aristophanes’ Lysistrata Drama Script, especially the feminism side of the drama script. In analyzing the drama script, this study refers to some theories that support the analysis. Below are the theories used as the foundation of the discussion later.

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

Instead of using feminism approach, this study use other theories to support my analysis. They are theory of character and theory of characterization.

a. Theory of Character

Abrams proposes character can be classified into protagonist and antagonist 128. The protagonist is the central figure of a story and usually referred to the main character of the story. Whereas, antagonist creates conflicts or barriers that PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI the protagonist must overcome. Antagonist is not always human; it can be circumstances, situation that creates conflict. Talking about the character, we will imagine that it is about the psychical appearance, but in fact, character is not just a matter of psychical appearance. Character also includes the personality and behavior that reveals the figure. Foster gives two kinds of character, they are flat and round character. 1. Flat character Flat character is a static character that develops in a single idea or quantity 1978: 21. There is no detail description of the character in a novel. It is call flat because we see only one side of the character. 2. Round Character Round character is dynamic and complex in temperament 1978: 21. Round character is not just static but it is dynamic and always changes, therefore it makes herhis character is unpredictable or hard to guess by the reader, as the result, round character is rather than difficult to be described. Henkle divide the character into “major” and “minor” character 1977: 89 1. Major character This is the most important and complex character in a novel. He or she can be identified as such trough the complexity of his or her characterization, the attention given to him or her is the personal intensity that seems to transmit. 2. Minor character Minor characters are those who perform more limited functions. Their responses to the experiences are less complex and less interesting. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

b. Theory of Characterization