Gill Foot
Mantle PAM
20 40
60 80
100 120
140 160
180 200
220
Green mussels organs C
h E
a ctivity
nmo l
m in
m g
prot ei
n
Relative Fluorescence Units RFU and finally calculated as a Phagocytic Index: RFUmg hemocyte protein.
Statistical Analysis
The statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric test, Kruskall-Wallis to distinguish the difference of ChE and phagocytic activity
among the sites. If there were differences among the sites, the test was continued by Dunn’s multiple comparison test to determine the different between two sites.
5.4. Results Cholinesterase Activity
It has been reported that the ChE activity level differed among organs in marine mussels Bocquene et al. 1990; Brown et al. 2004. The current study was
started by recognizing which organ of green mussel, P. viridis that posses the highest ChE activity. It has been performed using P. viridis tissues from expected
clean area. The results presented in Figure 27 demonstrated the median of the
Figure 27. Cholinesterase activity of different organs of green mussel, Perna
viridis from Pangkep Indonesia. Data were expressed as median 25 and 75 quartile, 5 and 95 confidence interval.
ChE activity in the gill which had the significant highest ChE activity namely 83.56 nmolminmg protein followed by the foot 46.16 nmolminmg protein,
the mantle 27.35 nmolminmg protein and the PAM 4.94 nmolminmg
Pangkep Kamal Muara
Cilincing 40
80 120
160 200
240
Sampling sites C
h E
ac ti
v it
y n
m o
l m
in m
g p
rot ei
n protein. Accordingly, the gill was used as a tissue target for measuring the ChE
activity since the highest ChE activity of such organ should be the most suitable for measurement of the ChE activity inhibition Brown et al. 2004.
Statistical analysis showed the difference ChE activity in the gills of the samples p 0.05 Figure 28. The animals collected from the reference site had
the significant highest ChE activity 83.56 nmolminmg protein followed by the green mussel collected from heavily polluted areas, Kamal Muara 49.92
nmolminmg protein and Cilincing 27.20 nmolminmg protein. Between two heavily polluted sites, the animals inhabited in Kamal Muara showed significant
less inhibition of the ChE activity than those from Cilincing p 0.05.
Figure 28. ChE activity of green mussel gill, Perna viridis from the pollution
gradient of Indonesian waters. Kamal Muara and Cilincing are expected as polluted areas, while Pangkep is expected as a clean area.
Data were expressed as median 25 and 75 quartile, 5 and 95 confidence interval. indicate the different enzyme activity
among the sampling sites p 0.05.
Phagocytic Activity
In the present study, the phagocytic activity expressed as phagocytic index, and hemocytes numbers and total cell protein content were measured
simultaneously. The results were represented in Figure 29 andFigure 30. Statistical analysis of the median of circulating hemocytes numbers exhibited no
difference numbers of hemocytes ranging from 2,070,000 – 2,370,000 cellsml.
Pangkep Kamal Muara
Cilincing 10
100 1000
10000 100000
1000000
Sampling sites Pha
goc y
tos is
i n
dex
R FU
m g p
rot ei
n
Pangkep Kamal Muara
Cilincing 1300000.0
1800000.0 2300000.0
2800000.0 3300000.0
Sampling sites Ce
ll s
m L
Figure 29. Circular hemocytes of green mussel P. viridis collected from the selected areas of Indonesia waters; Pangkep, Kamal Muara, and
Cilincing. Data were expressed as median 25 and 75 quartile, 5 and 95 confidence interval.
Figure 30. Phagocytotic Index of green mussel P. viridis collected in the selected
area of Indonesia waters; Pangkep, Kamal Muara, and Cilincing. Data were expressed as median 25 and 75 quartile, 5 and 95
confidence interval. indicate the different phagocytic activity of mussel hemolymph collected from polluted sites to the reference site
Pangkep p 0.05. Y-axis is logarithmic scale.
In contrast, the median of the phagocytotic index demonstrated significant different phagocytic activities of P. viridis collected from gradient pollutions of
Indonesian coastal waters p 0.05. The animals collected from two heavily polluted sites in Jakarta Bay showed significant higher phagocytic index than
those collected from reference sites. Nevertheless, there was no significant different phagocytic index within the polluted site p = 0.118. The highest
phagocytic index was demonstrated in hemocytes of P. viridis from Cilincing 23410.10 RFUmg protein which followed by Kamal Muara 7566.84 RFUmg
protein and reference site, Pangkep 1714.19 RFUmg protein.
5.5. Discussion Cholinesterase Activity
