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Formulation of the Problem

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2. Kinds of Vocabulary

There are many classifications made by experts about kinds of vocabulary based on many aspects. Jo Ann Aeborsold and Mary Lee distinguishes vocabulary into active vocabulary and passive vocabulary: a. Active vocabulary; is also called as productive vocabulary. Students must know how to pronounce the vocabulary well, they must know and be able how to use grammar of the target language, they also must be familiar with collocation and understand the connotation meaning of the word. This type is often used in speaking and writing skill. b. Passive vocabulary; refers to language items that can be recognized and understood in the context of reading and listening, and it also as receptive vocabulary. 6 According to S. H. Burton and Humpries, there are two types of vocabulary used by the people for communication, namely: general and special vocabulary. General vocabulary is all of the words that are used in general; there is no limit of field or users, general in meaning and use. Special vocabulary is all of the words that are used in a certain field or job, profession or special science, for example: politicians, journalists, and lawyers. All these have specialized vocabulary arising from particular circumstances of their lives and work. 7 From the explanation above, we know that every expert in every book is differentiated in classifying vocabulary, because every person has different ways in showing and telling their opinions and ideas. Some of the expert emphasizes vocabulary into the items which the learners can use appropiately in speaking and writing, and to the language items that can be recognized and understood in the context of reading and listening, little or empty words, content words and cluster of words. Some other experts classify vocabulary into general and special. 6 Jo Ann Aeborsold and Marry Lee Field, From Reader to Reading Teacher, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 139. 7 S.H Burton and J. Humpries, “Mastering English Language”, London: The Macmillan Press, 1992, p. 100.

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