30 other families, is it reciprocal? Does local fish get processed in any way? Fishermen use ice,
do drying, smoking, pickling, etc.?
5.4 Survey Questionnaire for Individual Fishermen
The sample survey form is included in Annex 2. It was translated and pretested in Somalia and includes variables meant to provide a description of the background to fishing legal and illegal
in Somalia, as laid out in the conceptual framework. The sample includes ten towns representing all areas of Somalia, from cities to small villages along the Indian Ocean and Gulf
of Aden coast, including the longstanding autonomous states of Somaliland, Puntland and other federal states. Names of towns sampled and sample size are in Table 1, and Figure 2 shows the
map of sampled locations.
Table 1. Towns, political groupings and sample sizes
Somaliland Puntland Other Total
Maydh 36
36 Berberra
36 36
Eyl 36
36 Garacad
36 36
Bosaso 36
36 Las Qoray
36 36
Bergaal 36
36 Kismayo
42 42
Mogadishu 42
42 Hobyo
36 36
Total 72
180 120 372
We designed the survey to select a representative sample of fish landing sites from several of the main coastal administrative regions of the country, including Somaliland, Puntland,
Galmudug, Jubbaland and Benadir. This was not a random sample but a purposeful sample that ensured all coastal regions were covered. The final sites sampled were selected from a list of 20
Adeso-recommended sites and factored in budget, timing and security considerations. Due to the extensive coastline, distances covered, and taking into account cost factors and differences
in local dialects, we used several different survey teams in the different surveyed areas of Somaliland, Puntland and three other southern coastal states.
31 Surveying fishermen at a landing site.
At each landing site, we used a systematic sampling design in which every third or fifth house was selected depending on community size, and interviewed the head of the household. In
some cases, fishermen were selected at random at community landing centers. The target was to interview approximately 30-40 individuals per community to ensure adequate
representation. Time and budget did not allow for a more rigorous sampling frame such as developing a list of all fishing households and randomly selecting respondents or for including a
larger number of surveyed communities or sampled individuals at each landing site. While it could be argued that the final sample of individuals was not truly random, we conducted some
statistical analysis of differences between three regions as shown in the below results that we consider to generally represent the countrys fishermen given the sampling caveats noted
above. Ideally, the Somali government should undertake more rigorous surveys such as the “FRAME” survey, using the FAO methodologies
35
. The FRAME survey is a much more extensive census-based approach of all landing sites and provides better information for determining
fishing effort. When combined with other surveys on landings data, it can help to determine whether the various fisheries are experiencing overfishing or not. These surveys provide basics
of catch and landings data only, however, and are not designed to collect any information on IUU fishing as this one did.
While the field supervisor conducted key informant interviews, several locally hired field enumerators conducted individual oral interviews with fishermen and in some cases with
women working in fisheries marketingprocessing, and recorded their verbal answers on a
35
http:www.fao.orgdocrep004Y2790Ey2790e00.htmContents Sample-Based
Fishery Surveys - A Technical Handbook. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 25.
32 hard copy questionnaire. The field supervisors also conducted village meetings in each surveyed
landing site. The results of these meetings and other key informant interviews and observations are found in Annex 1. Data from the survey forms was coded into Excel files in the field and sent
to supervising researchers for review and quality control checks. After completion of the fieldwork, the original survey forms were sent to supervising researchers to double check field
coding entries and correct them where needed. Data files for each village were then merged and analyzed using SYSTAT statistical software.
5.4 a Statistical Method Used
