standard and basic competence defined. Because the focus of this research is on the second semester of tenth grade students, the competence standard and
basic competence that will be used is:
Table 2.1: The standard of competence and basic competence Standard of Competence
Basic Competence Menulis
12. Mengungkapkan makna dalam
teks tulis
fungsional pendek dan esei sederhana berbentuk
narrative, descriptive dan news item dalam konteks
kehidupan sehari-hari 12.2 Mengungkapkan makna dan
langkah retorika
dalam esei
sederhana secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan
sehari-hari dalam teks berbentuk narrative, descriptive, dan news
item
2. Genre-based Approach
Due to its nature, the genre-based approach GBA has been confused with the product approach which involves imitating, copying, transforming
models provided by the teacher and emphasizing the error free final product Nunan, 1999, and the process approach which focuses on the process of
producing a piece of writing from the prewriting stage to the revising state to the final writing regardless of the time it takes Nunan, 1999. Genre-based
approach is actually an integration of the product approach and the process approach Badger and White, 2000.
In the genre approach, the knowledge of language is intimately attached to a social purpose, and more focus is on the viewpoint of the reader
than on that of the writer. Writing is mostly viewed as the students’
reproduction of text based on the genre offered by the teacher. It is also believed that learning takes place through imitation and exploration of
different kinds of models. Accordingly, learners should be exposed to many examples of the same genre to develop their ability to write a particular genre.
Through exposure to similar texts, students can detect the specialized configurations of that genre, and they also can activate their memories of
prior reading or writing experiences whenever they encounter the task of creating a new piece in a familiar genre Badger White, 2000.
a. Characteristics of GBA
Comprehending the characteristics of genre-based approach is important to understand this approach more. Tuan 2011 proposes several
characteristics of genre-based approach. The first characteristic is GBA emphasizes the importance of exploring the social and cultural context of
language use on a piece of writing. This approach argues that students can
only produce a composition to be successfully accepted by a particular English-language discourse community once they take context of a text into
account into their own writing papers. The next characteristic is according to this approach, any student who
wants to be successful in joining a particular English-language discourse community he or she will need to be able to produce texts which fulfill the
expectations of its readers in regards to grammar, organization, and content. Third, it underscores that writing is a social activity. This notion originated
from the social-cultural theory initiated by Vygotsky in Tuan, 2011.
