per cent of it given over to grain in most places, with hardly any wastes, or meadows, or woods, or common-land, over populated and under-productive
1972: 215. The laboureur, one of subgroups of peasant possessed at least two horses and a plough and he probably would not posses more than eight cattle, five
pigs and thirty sheep 1972: 213. As the eighteenth century advanced, clergy became the sword and buckler of conservatism and though in their clashes with
the crown they talked the advanced language of liberalism, their only concern was to protect property and privilege from attack 1972: 207.
D. Theoretical Framework
Each of the theories and reviews is needed to answer the questions stated in problem formulation. The review of related studies is used to strengthen the
importance of studying and analysing this novel. It shows that analysing this novel is worthwhile. Theories of setting and society are used because this study
analyses the social setting. In addition, the theory about the relation of literature and society is important to show that literature, like novel, may have a relation
with the society in the real world. Thus, theory of representation helps interpret what is represented in the text and to reveal the unseen from the seen.
The reviews of socio-cultural historical background of French in the eighteenth century are needed to compare the novel and the real condition at that
time. A literary work may represent the real condition. Based on the previous discussion above, this study can analyse the representation of the eighteenth
century French society to reveal the freedom of religion. 18
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The main source of this study is Travel with a Donkey in the Cevennes, a kind of travel novel by Robert Louis Stevenson edited by R. E. C. Houghton,
M.A., a lecturer in English Language and Literature in King’s College, London. The book was first printed in English Literature Series in 1924. The edition used
in this study was reprinted at 1955 and published in London by Macmillan Co Ltd. The book consists of 128 pages in five chapters. Each chapter consists of
several parts. The five chapters are entitled Velay, Upper Gevaudan, Our Lady of the Snows, Upper Gevaudan continued, and The Country of the Camisards. The
novel Travel with a Donkey in the Cevennes is one of famous travel novels of Robert Louis Stevenson, besides An Island Voyage, Across the Plains, the
Amateur Emigrant , The Silverado Squatters, and other novels like Treasure
Island, Kidnapped, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hide. The story of the novel Travel with a Donkey in the Cevennes is set in
Cevennes, French. It is about the travel of a Scotsman through Cevennes. The topography and scenery show that it is an uncomfortable place to live in. Most of
the areas are hills and valleys with rocky footpaths. People along the way show the occupation as farmers, peasants, shepherds or sellers who live in difficult
condition. Many places are passed in the journey; it includes The Trappist Monastery of Our Lady of the Snow. Its society has a narrow view on religion.
19 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
