The Forms of Code Switching Used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV

1.The Forms of Code Switching Used by MTV VJ of MTV Global Room in Global TV

1.1.Intrasentential Switching Intrasentential switching involves, arguably, the greatest syntactic risk, and may be avoided by all but the most fluent bilinguals (Poplack in Romaine, 1989:122). It takes place within sentences or clauses or words boundaries with no apparent change in topic, interlocutor or setting. Intrasentential switching is for some linguist considered as “code mixing”.

F rom the intrasentential switching data, most of the morphological characteristics of the hosts’ language consist of hybrid form. The use of hybrid

form here is mixing between English words with Indonesian affixes. For the further explanation, it will be given some data below:

a. data number 1 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A21 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Suharta, mau ngerequest lagu apa? Suharta

: Samsons

This datum example was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21 st , 2007. In this part, the host uses this term ngerequest,

when he wants to ask one of the callers (Suharta) about the request songs. The word, ngerequest, is mixed together with, nge-. Here, the form of –nge is a non standard word in Indonesian language and it is also a kind of informal Indonesian language. He uses the word ngerequest because that word is more familiar to the viewers ears than the word minta. All of the hosts often use the word ngerequest when they want to ask the callers about their request songs. This word is also part of broadcasting language so it is more popular and familiar. Similar data can be seen in data number 3 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A21 – 07, data number 4 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number 12 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number

13 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number 14 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 –

07, data number 19 / MTV GR / Intra.S / S3 – 07, data number 20 / MTV GR / Intra.S / S3 – 07.

b. data number 5/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Nah kita kenalan dulu, udah ada Raya, Juno, and Olive. Nah Olive ini yang gantiin Mikuni dulu. Waktu Agustus 2005 mereka juga udah jadi MTV Exclusive Artist.

VJ Franda

: Kelihatannya di bulan Agustus udah di take mereka

The next data was taken from the recorded from MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. In this data, the word ditake is mixed together

with di- (di was a prefix in Indonesian language). Here, di-, in Indonesian language is as the function of affix to build passsive verb. VJ Franda uses the word ditake than diambil when she wants to give her comment and express her surprise that Park Drive is as MTV Exclusive Artist again in August 2007 because they have been MTV Exsclusive Artist in August 2005. She also wants to have closer relationship with the guest star.

c. data number 8 / MTV GR Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Dan kalau misalnya direpackaged udah ada “Biarkan”. Itu untuk single dari repackagenya. Sebenarnya dari bulan Januari udah out kan?

This eight example datum was taken from the second recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22nd, 2007. In this data, the word direpackaged is mixed together with di-. Here, di-, in Indonesian language, is as

the function of affix to build passsive verb. The host uses the word, direpackaged when he tells the viewers about Park Drive’s second album. Here, he likes to use the word, direpackaged than didaur ulang because that word (direpackaged) gives deep meaning as album repackaged. He also wants to explain that Park

Drive’s second album actually is repackaged and mixed from the first album. They choose some songs and arrange them again from the first album then insert those songs into the second album.

d. data number 10 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Oh, jadi lagu – lagu lama diarranged dan dimixed lagi? Dan loe sendiri loe yang ngerequest vokal loe?

The datum above was taken from the second recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. The word diarranged is mixed together

with di-. Here, di-, in Indonesian language, is as the function of affix to build passsive verb. In this part, the host creates the term, diarranged, when he asks the guest about the process of making their second album. He wants to know about that new album contains some old songs which those songs are arranged again. He likes to use the term, diarranged than disusun because this word is more familiar and commonly used in music industry.

e. data number 11 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Oh, jadi lagu – lagu lama diarranged dan dimixed lagi?

dan loe sendiri loe yang ngerequest vokal loe?

The next data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. In this data, the word dimixed, is mixed together with di- (di

was a prefix in Indonesian language). Here, di-, in Indonesian language is as the function of affix to build passsive verb. He uses the term, dimixed, when he wants to ask the guest about the process of making their second album.

He also wants to know about the new album which contains some old songs and new songs. In that album, the old and new songs are mixed together. He likes to use the term, dimixed because this word is more familiar and commonly used in industry music than the word dicampur. Because of the situation is informal, the host use popular and commonly words.

f. data number 16 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Okay, yang pasti masih bersama Park Drive dengan album terbaru repackagenya. Sebentar lagi mereka akan ngeluarin album keduanya. Ngomong – ngomong album pertama, mayoritas kalian yang mengcompose sendiri, kalian yang ngerangenya sendiri. Nah album kedua ini gimana? Mungkin kolaborasi dengan seseorang? Atau bikin lagu siapa gitu?

Park Drive : Dalam album pertama itu featuring Adrian. Terjadi juga ga sengaja dan dia juga bukan artis siapa gitu tapi dia punya ide yang asyik banget.

The next data above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. In this data, the word mengcompose, is mixed

together with meng-. Here, meng-, in Indonesian, was an affix. This affix function is as a prefix. Here, the host uses the word mengcompose than mengarangnya when he asks the guest about their first album. He wants to know whether do they make their new albums by themselves or colaborate with the others. The host prefers to use that word because it is commonly used in music industry.

g. data number 2 / MTV GR/ Intra.S / A21 – 07 VJ Millane : Buat anak – anak nongkrong di luar bisa aja ga tahu, mungkin music directionnya lebih kemana, pop, pop rock atau rock saja? ST 12

: Semua ada jadi gado – gado.

This data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21st, 2007. Here Millane creates that term, music directionnya, when she is asking the guest about their flow of songs in making their first album. In this data, the word music directionnya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possesive). She prefers to use music directionnya than aliran musiknya because that word is familiar and commonly used in music industry and the guest also has known what she is asking to them. It can be seen from their answer, “semua ada jadi gado – gado” (ST 12).

h. data number 6 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Ya, tapi dua tahun sekali. Nah nanti kita bakal ngomongin tentang album repackage albumnya Park Drive dan kita bakal tahu sampai sejauh mana sih album ke – 2 karena udah ada progressnya.

Park Drive : Amin, ada materi baru Park Drive tapi belum masuk rekaman. VJ Daniel

: Nanti kita bakal ngomong lebih banyak lagi. So, we have to break. Don’t go anywhere from MTV Global Room. So stay tune.

Kita sekarang mau istirahat dulu. Jangan kemana – mana, okay? Tetap di MTV Global Room!

This next data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. In this data, the word progressnya is mixed

together with –nya, (suffix as possesive). VJ Daniel uses the word progressnya when he wants to explain the viewers about the progress of Park Drive’s second

album process. He likes to choose that word, progressnya than perkembangannya since that word can be understood by the guest. It can be seen from the answer of the gue st, “Amin, ada materi baru Park Drive tapi belum masuk rekaman ” (Park Drive).

Moreover, he will discuss more about that second album with the guest after the commercial brake. It can be seen from his sentences, “Nanti kita bakal

ngomong lebih banyak lagi. So, we have to break. Don’t go anywhere from MTV Global Room. So stay tune. Kita sekarang mau istirahat dulu. Jangan kemana – mana., okay? Tetap di MTV Global Room!”. He also hopes that the viewers will

not change the television channel if they want to know more about the progress of Park Drive’s second album.

i. data number 7 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Welcome back to MTV Global Room masih sama gue Daniel, Franda and of course Park Drive. Park Drive is MTV Artist bulan Agustus. Dan tentang repackagenya, congratulation banget karena album ke – 2 kalian bakal masuk mayor label ya?

Park Drive : Album ke – 2 masih dalam proses pembuatan dan sekarang ini kita baru ngejalanin repackage.

The next data was taken from the second recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. Here, Daniel uses that term, repackagenya when

he wants to tell the viewers that the word repackagenya is about Park Drive’s second album. In this data, the word repackagenya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possesive). The host also wants to have closer relationship therefore he likes to use the word repackagenya than album daur ulang because this word is simpler, familiar and commonly used in music industry. It can be seen that the word is not only used by the host but the group band also. It means the word, repackage, has been more popular and known than album daur ulang. Similar data can be seen in data number 9/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07, data number 15 / MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 .

j data number 17/ MTV GR / Intra.S / A22 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Okay, yang pasti masih bersama Park Drive dengan album terbaru repackagenya. Sebentar lagi mereka akan ngeluarin album keduanya. Ngomong – ngomong album pertama, mayoritas kalian yang mengcompose sendiri, kalian yang ngerangenya sendiri. Nah album kedua ini gimana? Mungkin kolaborasi dengan seseorang? Atau bikin lagu siapa gitu?

Park Drive : Dalam album pertama itu featuring Adrian. Terjadi juga ga sengaja dan dia juga bukan artis siapa gitu tapi dia punya ide yang asyik banget.

This data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22 nd , 2007. Here the host creates that term, ngerangenya, when he asks

the guest about the way in making their first album. The word ngerangenya, is mixed together with –nge and –nya. There is no affix nge- in Indonesian. The form of –nge is a non standard word in Indonesian language and it is also a kind of informal Indonesian language and –nya is suffix as possesive. He prefers to use ngerangenya than menyusunnya because that word is familiar and the guest has known what Daniel asked to them. It can

be seen from their answer, “Dalam album pertama itu featuring Adrian. Terjadi juga ga sengaja dan dia juga bukan artis siapa gitu tapi dia punya ide yang asyik banget ” (Park Drive).

k. data number 18 / MTV GR / Intra.S / S3 – 07 Franda

: Ngomongin tentang Jepang, emang suka lagu – lagu Jepang? Well, apa itu influencenya?

J_Rocks : Ya, karena variatif, bebas, bertanggung jawab, maksudnya apapun warna musiknya, meski keras pun tetap halus.

This data was recorded from MTV Global Room program in Global television station on September 3, 2007. The host uses that term when she wants to ask the guest about the influence of Japan style in their songs. In this data, the word influencenya is mixed together with –nya, (suffix as possessive). She prefers to use the term influencenya than pengaruhnya since that term is familiar and the guest has understood about what she said by answering, “Ya, karena variatif, bebas, bertanggung jawab, maksudnya apapun warna musiknya meski keras pun tetap halus ” (J_Rocks). She also wants to make variation in her speech so the conversation will be more interesting.

1.2 Intersentential Switching Intersentential switching involves a switch at a clause or sentence boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or another. It may also occur between speaker turns. It can be thought of as requiring greater fluency in both languages than tag switching since major portions of the utterances must conform to the rules of both languages.

The characteristics of those intersentential switching data are sentences. There are also some functions of those intersentential switching, such as, clarifying; giving information; introducing guest star; having break time; expressing condolence and expressing thanks feeling. For the further explanation, it will be given some data below:

a. data number 1 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 - 07 VJ Daniel

: Welcome back to MTV Global Room. Now we have guest. Selamat datang di MTV Global Room, sekarang kita udah punya bintang tamu yang sangat terhormat disini dan mereka datang jauh-jauh dari Bandung. Langsung aja tepuk tangan buat ST 12 (Guest). Disini sudah ada Pepeng, Pepep, dan Charly Van Houtten.

VJ Millane : Ya, ST 12! (She clapped her hands)

This datum above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21 st , 2007. In this part, VJ Daniel creates intersentential code

switching. He speaks in English when he opens the program and greets the viewers, Welcome back to MTV Global Room. He also says to them that there will be guest star in that program, and now we have guest. Most of the hosts usually use English when they want to greet the viewers. It happens because it is one of their ways to attract them and make the program is more interesting.

Then, he switches the code from English to Indonesian language, Selamat

datang di MTV Global Room, sekarang kita udah punya bintang tamu yang sangat terhormat disini dan mereka datang jauh-jauh dari Bandung. Langsung aja tepuk tangan buat ST 12 (Guest). Disini sudah ada Pepeng, Pepep, dan Charly Van Houtten. He switches the code from English to Indonesian in order to explain more about the guest. He mentions the members of the group band and they are from Bandung. By switching the code into Indonesian, hopefully the viewers will more understand about what he has said before in English. Here, the host not only greets the viewers but he also introduces the guest star. The data which have the same characteristics are below: data number 1 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 – 07 , data number 3 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 – 07, data number 5 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 – 07, data number 7 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A22 – 07, data number 9 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A22 – 07, data number 12 / MTV GR / Inter.S / S3 – 07, data number 14 / MTV GR / Inter.S / S3 – 07.

b. data number 6 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Welcome back to MTV Global Room. We have CD from ST

12. Oh ya kita juga punya CD dari ST 12 dan langsung saja kita mau bagi – bagiin CD dari ST 12. So kalau kamu anak nongkrong, telepon kesini! Call us right now, okay? Hallo, siapa ini?

The sixth data above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21 st , 2007 in Global TV. At first, VJ Daniel speaks in English

that he has CD from ST 12 band, We have CD from ST 12. Then he switches the code into Indonesian language, Oh ya kita juga punya CD dari ST 12. Langsung saja kita mau bagi – bagiin CD dari ST 12. By switching the code, the viewers will more understand that he will give free CD to the viewers. Therefore, they will feel more enthuastics to join into the program.

Here, he persuades the viewers if they want to get free CD from ST 12, they have to call into the program first. But, he does not tell that he has quiz because it is one of his tricks to invite them in joining the program. Then, he will give CD from that group band to the viewers who can answer the quiz. The data which have the same characteristics can be seen in data number 2 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 – 07, data number 15 MTV GR / Inter.S / S3 – 07.

c. data number 4 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A21 - 07 VJ Daniel

: I’m very sorry to hear that. Aku turut berduka cita dengan meninggalnya Iman. Now we are having phone. So, don’t forget to call us on 5835366. Okay, langsung aja.

This fourth data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21 st , 2007. At first VJ Daniel speaks in English when he

knows that one of the members of ST 12 group band has died because of sick, I’m

very sorry to hear that. Then, he switches the code into Indonesian language, Aku turut berduka cita dengan meninggalnya Iman. By swtching the code, he

wants to express his deep condolence about the died of Iman and to show his solidarity as the same artists even though he is not a singer.

d. data number 8 / MTV GR / Inter.s / A22 - 07 VJ Daniel

: Nanti kita bakal ngomong lebih banyak lagi. So, we have to

break. Don’t go anywhere from MTV Global Room. So stay

tune! Kita sekarang mau istirahat dulu. Jangan kemana – mana, oaky? Tetap di MTV Global Room!

That data above was recorded from MTV Global Room program on August 22, 2007. At first, VJ Daniel speaks in English when he wants to have

break time, So, we have to break. Don’t go anywhere from MTV Global

Room. So stay tune! Then he switches the code into Indonesian language, Kita sekarang mau istirahat dulu. Jangan kemana – mana! Tetap di MTV Global Room! By switching the code, the viewers will know that the program is not end but the host only has break time and he will continue to present the program again. So it is hoped that the viewers will watch until in the end of the program.

e. data number 13 / MTV GR / Inter.S / S3 - 07 VJ Marissa : Thank you so much for calling. Buat Nita makasih udah telepon kesini ya.

This data was recorded from MTV Global Room program in Global television on September 3, 2007. In this part, VJ Marissa speaks in English first when she wants to express her thanks to one of the callers. Then, she switches the code into Indonesian language in order to tell the other viewers that one of them namely Nita has joined into the program. By mentioning the name, she can express her deep thanks to Nita and she wants to respect her who has joined into the program. Similar data can be found in data number 10 / MTV GR / Inter.S / A22 – 07.

f. data number 11 / MTV GR / Inter.S / S3 – 07 VJ Marissa : Bukan pacarmu ya? Pokoknya udah rame disini di MTV Global Room. Today, we have guest. They are J-Rocks. Hari ini kita punya bintang tamu sebuah grup band terkenal di Indonesia dan mereka adalah J-Rocks. Apa kabar?

This data above was recorded from MTV Global Room program in Global television station on September 3, 2007. When Marissa opens the program again after the commercial brake, she speaks in English, Today, we have guest. They are J-Rocks. Then, she switches the code into Indonesian language, Hari ini kita punya bintang tamu, salah satu grup band di Indonesia dan mereka adalah J- Rocks. By switching the code into Indonesian language, the viewers will know more about the guest. She hopes that they will watch the program and join into program.

1.3. Tag Switching Tag switching involves the insertion of a tag in one language into an utterance which is otherwise entirely in the other language. There are some functions of it. Those functions are to confirm, as agreement to play song, to remind the viewers, and to make sure the viewers. For the further explanation, it would be given some examples below:

a. data number 1 / MTV GR / TS / A21 – 07 VJ Millane : Hi guys yang pasti in MTV Global Room bareng kita berdua and all about the requests, jadi buat kamu semua yang pengen request langsung aja request ke MTV Global Room@Global TV.co.id, okay? Pastinya dibawah situ juga ditulis apa faxnya. Dan buat requests kita ada Natasha Bedingfield with Soulmate, Samsons with For You, Dotrie with Home and ST 12 with Rasa Yang Tertinggal.

The data was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21 st , 2007. In this conversation, VJ Millane inserts an English tag after she

speaks in Indonesian language. Here, she wants to confirm to the viewers about the way in requesting songs. If the viewers want to request songs, they can send emails to MTV Global Room@Global TV.co.id. She also mentions some songs which can be requested by the viewers. The data which have the same characteristics can be seen in data number 4 / MTV GR / TS / A21 – 07, data number 6 / MTV GR / TS / A22 – 07, data number 7 / MTV GR / TS / S3 – 07.

b. data number 2 / MTV GR / TS / A21 - 07 VJ Daniel

: Absolutely. We have some emails today. Nah hari ini kita punya beberapa email yang udah masuk dan kita langsung baca aja email yang udah masuk (Email: “Hai VJ MTV! Gue Ami dari Tangerang. Gue mo request lagu dari Natasha Badingfield with Soulmate. Sa lamnya buat VJ aja deh. Makasih udah bacain”. Habis itu ada email satu lagi.

VJ Millane : Coba kita lihat. VJ Daniel

: Nih ya “Hai, dari Arya, Okay? Halo VJ, Arya mau bilang, selamat siang deh buat all course kamar bedah di RS WS and

semua cowok – cowok yang koas di seantero Makassar. About song ya, gue pengen Natasha Badingfield. Selamet ya yang buat jaga. Yang lagi diskusi bagi – bagi ilmu dan tetap semangat. Thanks VJ”.

VJ Millane : Hei Mas dan Mbak VJ, dari Ulum di Tegal. VJ Daniel

: Dari Ulum di Tegal mau request dong lagu Natasha yang Soulmate.

VJ Millane : Tenang aja ntar kita langsung puterin Natasha dengan Soulmate, okay? Check it out.

That data above was recorded from MTV Global Room program on August 21, 2007 in Global TV. In this conversation, VJ Millane inserts English tag after she speaks in Indonesian language when she wants to play a song which

is requested by one of the callers (Ulum in Tegal, Central Java). Here, the caller requests song by sending an email. This word or this tag serves as an agreement to play song. It means that VJ Millane agrees to play song which has been requested before by the caller (Ulum). The data that has the same characteristic can be found in data number 3 / MTV GR / TS / A21 – 07.

c. data number 5 / MTV GR / TS / A21 – 07 VJ Daniel

: Welcome back to MTV Global Room. We have CD from ST 12. Oh ya kita juga punya CD dari ST 12. Langsung saja kita mau bagi

– bagiin CD dari ST 12. So kalau kamu anak nongkrong, telepon kesini! Call us right now, okay? Hallo, siapa ini?

The datum above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 21, 2007. The host creates English tag when he is speaking in English before he answers the telephone. Here, he reminds the viewers to call into the program because he has free CD (compact disk) from the guest (ST 12). It can

be seen from his utterance, “Langsung saja kita mau bagi – bagiin CD dari ST 12. So kalau kamu anak nongkrong, telepon kesini! Call us right now, okay?”. Therefore, the viewers have to call into the program soon if they want to get free CD from ST 12. The similar data can be found in data number 9 / MTV GR / TS / S3 – 07, data number 10 / MTV GR / TS / S3 – 07.

d. data number 8 / MTV GR / TS / S3 – 07 VJ Marissa : We have, wait a few minute, J Rock featuring Rizal (Kau Curi Lagi). Pokoknya gampang banget langsung request aja ke MTV Global Room.co.id atau faxnya atau lihat aja alamat dibawah ini, okay? Gampang kan? Buat apa susah – susah?

The data above was taken from the recorded of MTV Global Room program on August 22, 2007. VJ Marissa creates English tag after she speaks in Indonesian language. Here, she wants to make sure to the viewers that the way to request songs in MTV Global Room program is very easy because the viewers can send their ema ils to MTV Global Room’s website (MTV Global Room.co.id) or they can send their requesting songs by using fax. So, it will be faster and cheaper than using letters.