Character An Analysis Of Multiple Personality On Leading Character As Portrayed In Daniel Keyes’s The Minds Of Billy Milligan

11 Sigmund Freud which explains about difference of personality. Personality refers to those characteristics of the person that account for consistent pattern of feeling, thinking, and behavior. According to Freud’s theory, personality has three concepts, id, ego, and superego. Id has always resided in an individual, in other words it exists from birth. The Id contains everything that is inherited, that is present at birth, is laid down in the constitution, the very deep human desire without caring reality. The Ego comprises organized structure of one’s personality. In other words, the great majority of the Ego’s operative duties are at conscious level, defensive, perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive functions. The role of the Ego is to sift through what is real and what isn’t via organization of our thoughts to make sense of them and how they relate to the world we live in. The Super-Ego, in its role of moral authoritarian, is the opposite of the Id. Regulates our sense of right and wrong. It helps assimilate into the social structure around us via making us act in socially acceptable ways. So, psychology of literature is a literature study that reviewing psychology of behavior, attitude, mental, and mind of human through literature. It can be psychology of the writer, reader, or the character on a literary work.

2.2 Character

Character is the most important part in writing literary works. Without character, then it will not be an interesting to discuss. Character can be defined as 12 any person, animal, or figure represented in a literary work. There are many types of characters that exist in literature, each with its own development and function. Gill in his book entitled Mastering English Literature: Third Edition 1985: 94 character have some terms, there are round character which usually full, complex, and rich, well it is the opposite with flat character which usually much simple. There are other characters such as open and, closed characters. An open character can grow and develop, whereas a closed one is fixed and unchanging. E.M Foster 1990: 73-80 in his book entitled Aspects of Novel said there are two kinds of characters. There are round character and flat character. Round character is complex, unpredictable, and usually full of surprise while flat character is predictable, easy to understand, from the beginning of the story until the end, there is nothing change. Roberts and Jacobs 1993: 136 in his book entitled Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing said that character should be true to real life. Their action, statements, and thoughts must all be what human beings are likely to do, say, and think under the conditions presented in the story. But, there may be persons in life who perform tasks or exhibit characteristics that are difficult or seemingly imposible, such as always getting A+’s on every test, always being cheerful and helpful, or always understanding the needs of others. Some of these characters are usually appear in fiction novel. Novel is not always fiction. Many novels based on the true story as well. The character in the novel is an original character, not written by the author, the character 13 is real. The novel is based on the true story of the author, or the true stories of other people. John Peck and Martin Coyle in Literary Terms and Criticism 1984: 109 explained that the realistic novelist offers a subtle analysis of his character, but the fiction novelist takes a simpler view that man’s lusts and desires disrupt life, it might be a less subtle view, but it is disturbing one, as it emphasizes the irrational impulses that motivate people. Characters also distinguish into three subdivisions such as main character, minor character, and also leading character. Main character is the character whose appearance is the most frequently appear in the story and dominant of the story. Minor character can be defined as the supporting character of the main character and the appearance of minor character is usually infrequently while leading character is the centered individual who is very dominant. Leading character is focused personally and it is different with main character which can involve more than one character. Billy Milligan is a leading character because he is the center of the whole story. His appearances construct every event of the novel ‘The Minds of Billy Milligan’. He has round character. It is reflected by his action, behavior, and also thought causing by his other personalities. Although Billy, as the host of the body, doesn’t know what is going on about his life, until he find out by himself. 14

2.3 Child Abuse