Focus of the Research Research Question The Significance of the Research Research Methodology Representation Theory

B. Focus of the Research

This research focuses on James Bond’s masculinity characteristic which shows on the 2006’s Casino Royale movie.

C. Research Question

The question in this research is: What are the representations of masculinity in Casino Royale007 through James Bond character?

D. The Significance of the Research

Hopefully, this research could give information about masculinity value in literature, social theory and in Bonds character of Casino Royale007 movie directed by the director Martin Campbell, and could be reference for their further research.

E. Research Methodology

1. The Objective of the Research The Objective of the research is to gain answer, understanding, and complete view of masculinity characteristic in Casino Royale007 movie. 2. The Method of the Research The method of the research is descriptive analysis is based on the cultural studies. In this research, the writer would provide the analysis of research in the descriptive form. 3. Data Analysis Data analysis in this research is using the Cultural Studies. The writer would analyses the qualitative data by representing the sifting of the masculinity trough traditional value, which is show by main character, James Bond in Casino Royale007. 4. The Instrument of Research The Instrument of research is the writer herself by watching the movie, capturing the picture, as the analysis evidence, and marking all information related to the research problems like marking the scenes and dialogue of movie. 5. Analysis Unit The analysis unit of the research is DVD Casino Royale007 movie by Columbia Picture 2006 with time, 109 minute. CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Representation Theory

The content of representation has sense inside the culture. The word represents, according to Stuart Hall in the content of cultural studies means, “using a language to say something meaningful about, or to represent, the world meaningfully, to other people’ . 12 Representation is the production of the meaning of the concepts in our minds trough language. It is the link between concept and language, which enables us to refer to either the ‘real’ world or ‘object’, people or event, or indeed to imaginary world of fictional object, people, and events. 13 To show or express what we thought into language and to understand by others, there are two processes of representation or system of representation. First, system, which all sorts of object, people, and events correlated with a set of concepts or mental representation, which we carry around in our heads. Second, sign 14 is organized into language and it is the existence of common languages which enable us to translate our thoughts concepts into words, sounds or images, and then to use these, operating as a language, to express meaning and communicate thoughts to other people. Theoretically, the way language represents the sense could diverse from three ways, 15 that are reflective approach, intentional approach, and constructionist approach 16 . 12 Stuart Hall. Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. London: Sage Publication, ltd, 2008 cet. Ke-1, h,15. 13 Ibid, p.17 14 Ibid, p.18 15 Ibid, h,26. 16 Ibid. h,24-26. The reflective approach clarifies the language that it has function to reflect truth. This approach almost similar to the mimetic approach which functions as mirroring between the literary art and the reality. While, the intentional approach clarify of sense decided by person who use language. Therefore, it means that the speaker is the decider of the sense. The last is the constructional approach . An approach uses in cultural studies. The constructional approach would clarify the construction of sense toward concept and symbol. While another sense of ‘represent’ comes from Giles and Tim Middleton in their book Studying Culture’s, 1999, they said that representation has three senses, there are to stand in for menyimbolkan sesuatu, to speak on behalf of mewakili sesuatu, and re-present menghadirkan kembali. 17 From the theories of representation above, the writer will use the constructional approach, it is an approach that does not represent the real world but construct the new world with the part necessity from the representation maker. The representation is a meaning; it explains who makes the representation. Representation of masculinity sees as the subject and object where is the subject is movie and object is bond masculinity. 18 Movie or Hollywood represented the masculine since 1950s toward their trend of machismos such as cowboy movies. In the last 1970s, Hollywood introduced the new perspective in representation of masculinity that had more range such in term of patriarchy.

B. Janet Saltzman Chafet Concepts