Lion eats meat. Lion doesn‟t eat meat.
3 To transform declarative statement into interrogative statement with the subject, move auxiliary verb on the
beginning of sentence and put a question mark ? at the end of sentence.
Examples: We speak loudly.
Do we speak loudly? Lion eats meat.
Does lion eat meat?
C. Present Progressive Tense 1.
The Understanding of Present Progressive Tense
Present progressive tense belongs to the several tenses stand for the events in progress.
“Present continues tense is also called the present progressive.
”
20
Present continuous tense is called the real present, in the sense that it can be demonstrated, seen, etc.
21
According to A.S. Hornby “The present progressive is tense most often used for this purpose. It is the tense most closely associated with the
present time. There may be an adverbial on present time e.g. now, today, but this is not essential.
22
The progressive forms represent actions or evens, or series of actions or evens, viewed at some point between their beginning and end. They
imply that an action or series of actions has already begun but is not yet completed. At the same time, they indicate that the duration of the action or
series of actions is limited.
23
2. The Rules of Using Present Progressive Tense
20
Martin Parrott, Grammar for English Language Teachers, 2
nd
ed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 192
21
Nasrun Mahmud, English for Muslim University, 3
rd
ed, Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa dan Budaya UIN Jakarta, 2003, p. 86
22
A. S. Hornby, Guide to Pattern and Usage in English, 2
nd
ed, New York: Oxford University Press, 1975, p. 82
23
B. D. Graver, Advanced English Practice, 3
rd
ed, New York: Oxford University Press, 1971, p. 56
There are some ways to spelling the present participle, like in a practical English grammar book, written by A.J. Thomson and A.V.
Martinet explained as follow:
24
a. When a verb ends in a single e, this e is dropped before ing: Argue
arguing Hate
hating Love
loving Except after:
Age ageing
Dye dyeing
Singe singeing
Verb ending ee: Agree
agreeing Free
freeing See
seeing b. When a verb one syllable has one vowel and ends in a single
consonant except h, w, x, y, this consonant is doubled before ing: Hit
hitting Run
running Stop
stopping But fix end in x
fixing Greet two vowel letters before consonant greeting
c. Verb of two or more syllables whose last syllables contains only one vowel and end in a single consonant double, this consonant if
the stress falls on the last syllables: Admit
admitting Begin
beginning Prefer
preferring But suffer accent on first syllable
suffering
24
A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, 4
th
ed, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 139
d. Ing can be added to a verb ending y without affecting the spelling of the verb:
Carry carrying
Enjoy enjoying
Hurry hurrying
e. The infinitive ends vowel e preceded by vowel i, ie substituted with y, then added ing:
Die dying
Lie lying
Tie tying
3. The Form of Present Progressive Tense
According to A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet the progressive tense is formed with the auxiliary verb be + the present participle:
25
The present progressive tense consist of four form, they are:
a. Affirmative Statement
We form the affirmative statement by using this formula:
Example:
Subject Form of be
Base form of the verb+ing
I am
studying English
You are
playing badminton
Hesheit is
writing now
Wethey are
watching television
25
A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet, A Practical English Grammar, 4
th
ed, New York: Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 139
Subject + to be am, are, is + Present Participle ing-form + objectcomplement
