Studi Sifat Fisika-Kimia Kemenyan (Styrax spp.) dari Tapanuli Utara
ABSTRACT
North Tapanuli a benzoin gums production centers in Indonesia. Benzoin
gums trafficked consists of a kind of benzoin gum Toba (Styrax paralleloneurum
Perk), benzoin gum Durame (Styrax benzoine dryland), and benzoin gum Bulu
(Styrax benzoine var hiliferum). The purpose of this study was intended to
determine differences in physical-chemical properties of various types of benzoine
gums on the market, which is expected later grouping quality benzoin gums can
be considered quantitatively based on the physico-chemical properties. Physicalchemical properties of benzoin gums tested is color, moisture content, impurity
content, ash content, softening point, and cinnamic acid levels. The results
showed the water content testing, softening point, and cinnamic acid levels qualify
as SNI 7940: 2013 while on testing colors, impurity content, and ash content not
included in the qualification SNI 7940: 2013. In the phytochemical screening test
positive benzoine gums containing the type of secondary metabolites, alkaloids,
flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids.
Keywords :benzoin gums, qualities, physico-chemical properties, phytochemical
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Tapanuli Utara merupakan sentra produksi getah kemenyan di Indonesia.
Getah kemenyan yang di perdagangkan terdiri dari jenis kemenyan Toba (Styrax
paralleloneurum PERK), kemenyan Durame (Styrax benzoine Dryland), dan
kemenyan Bulu (Styrax benzoine var hiliferum). Tujuan penelitian ini
dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sifat fisika-kimia berbagai jenis getah
kemenyan yang ada di pasaran, sehingga diharapkan nantinya pengelompokan
kualitas getah kemenyan dapat dipertimbangkan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan
sifat fisika-kimianya. Sifat fisika-kimia getah kemenyan yang diuji adalah warna,
kadar air, kadar kotoran, kadar abu, titik lunak, dan kadar asam sinamat. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan pada pengujian kadar air, titik lunak, dan kadar asam
sinamat masuk dalam kualifikasi SNI 7940:2013 sedangkan pada pengujian
warna, kadar kotoran, dan kadar abu tidak masuk dalam kualifikasi SNI
7940:2013. Pada pengujian skrining fitokimia getah kemenyan positif
mengandung jenis metabolit sekunder alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan
triterpenoid/steroid.
Kata kunci : getah kemenyan, kualitas, sifat fisika-kimia, fitokimia
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara
North Tapanuli a benzoin gums production centers in Indonesia. Benzoin
gums trafficked consists of a kind of benzoin gum Toba (Styrax paralleloneurum
Perk), benzoin gum Durame (Styrax benzoine dryland), and benzoin gum Bulu
(Styrax benzoine var hiliferum). The purpose of this study was intended to
determine differences in physical-chemical properties of various types of benzoine
gums on the market, which is expected later grouping quality benzoin gums can
be considered quantitatively based on the physico-chemical properties. Physicalchemical properties of benzoin gums tested is color, moisture content, impurity
content, ash content, softening point, and cinnamic acid levels. The results
showed the water content testing, softening point, and cinnamic acid levels qualify
as SNI 7940: 2013 while on testing colors, impurity content, and ash content not
included in the qualification SNI 7940: 2013. In the phytochemical screening test
positive benzoine gums containing the type of secondary metabolites, alkaloids,
flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids.
Keywords :benzoin gums, qualities, physico-chemical properties, phytochemical
i
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK
Tapanuli Utara merupakan sentra produksi getah kemenyan di Indonesia.
Getah kemenyan yang di perdagangkan terdiri dari jenis kemenyan Toba (Styrax
paralleloneurum PERK), kemenyan Durame (Styrax benzoine Dryland), dan
kemenyan Bulu (Styrax benzoine var hiliferum). Tujuan penelitian ini
dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sifat fisika-kimia berbagai jenis getah
kemenyan yang ada di pasaran, sehingga diharapkan nantinya pengelompokan
kualitas getah kemenyan dapat dipertimbangkan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan
sifat fisika-kimianya. Sifat fisika-kimia getah kemenyan yang diuji adalah warna,
kadar air, kadar kotoran, kadar abu, titik lunak, dan kadar asam sinamat. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan pada pengujian kadar air, titik lunak, dan kadar asam
sinamat masuk dalam kualifikasi SNI 7940:2013 sedangkan pada pengujian
warna, kadar kotoran, dan kadar abu tidak masuk dalam kualifikasi SNI
7940:2013. Pada pengujian skrining fitokimia getah kemenyan positif
mengandung jenis metabolit sekunder alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan
triterpenoid/steroid.
Kata kunci : getah kemenyan, kualitas, sifat fisika-kimia, fitokimia
ii
Universitas Sumatera Utara