Uji Aktivitas Hipoglikemik Nano partikel Daun Temuru dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Temuru (Murraya koenigii (L) Spreng) Terhadap Tikus Putih yang Diinduksi Aloksan Serta Aktivitas Antioksidannya
UJI AKTIVITAS HIPOGLIKEMIK NANO PARTIKEL DAUN TEMURU
DAN EKSTRAK DAUN TEMURU (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng)
TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN SERTA
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA
ABSTRAK
World Health Organization memperkirakan penderita diabetes mellitus
(DM) terus meningkat baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia pada tahun 2030.
Akarbose sebagai antidiabetik DM tipe 2 memiliki efek samping. Pengobatan
menggunakan bahan alam dianggap lebih aman dan mempunyai efek samping
yang relatif kecil. Aplikasi teknologi nano dalam dunia pengobatan terus
meningkat, tetapi belum ditemukan teknologi nano dalam pengolahan simplisia
daun temuru.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji aktivitas hipoglikemik, menentukan
golongan senyawa bioaktif, membandingkan aktivitas hipoglikemik, dan
mengukur aktivitas antioksidan nano partikel dan ekstrak etanol daun temuru,
serta mengetahui pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap kadar kolesterol darah
tikus DM.
Nano partikel daun temuru diperoleh menggunakan metode milling
selanjutnya karakteristik nano partikel dianalisis menggunakan SEM (Scanning
Electron Microscope) dan PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), sedangkan ekstrak
etanol daun temuru diperoleh dengan cara maserasi. Uji hipoglikemik
menggunakan tikus yang diinduksi dengan aloksan 150 mg/kg bb
intraperitoneal. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah (KGD) tikus menggunakan alat
glukotest dan penetapan kadar kolesterol total darah tikus menggunakan metode
kolorimetri enzimatik. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl).
Analisis SEM dan PSA menunjukkan bahwa nano partikel daun temuru
memiliki permukaan yang halus dan rata dengan rerata ukuran partikel 35,77 ±
36,3 nm. Analisis paired samples statistic menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata
penurunan KGD puasa kelompok tikus yang diberikan nano partikel dan ekstrak
etanol daun temuru berbeda nyata dengan kelompok kontrol diabetik berturutturut dengan nilai signifikan 0,003; 0,002, P < 5%. Analisis regresi linier
sederhana (RLS) secara statistik menunjukkan peningkatan dan penurunan KGD
sebesar 1mg/dL akan meningkatkan atau menurunkan kadar kolesterol total
tikus DM sebesar 0,144mg/dL. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan nano partikel
mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin,
antrakuinon glikosida, tanin, triterpenoid/steroid, dan ekstrak etanol daun
temuru mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid, glikosida, saponin, dan
triterpenoid/steroid. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun temuru
memiliki IC50 sebesar 34,16 ppm dan IC50 nano partikel sebesar 328,42 ppm.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nano partikel dan ekstrak etanol
daun temuru dapat menurunkan KGD tikus. Kadar glukosa darah tikus
mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol total tikus DM dan aktivitas antioksidan nano
partikel lebih besar daripada ekstrak etanol daun temuru.
Kata kunci: hipoglikemik, nano partikel, antioksidan
77
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY TEST NANO PARTICLES TEMURU
LEAVEAS AND TEMURU (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng) LEAF
EXTRACT TO RATS INDUCED ALLOXAN AND THE ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITY
ABSTRACT
World Health Organization predict that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) keep
increasing whether in worldwide or Indonesia in 2030. Acarbose is an antidiabetic
for DM type II that has a side effect. Treatment using the natural product is
effectiveness and less side effect. Nanotechnology application in medicinal world
keep increasing, but the nanotechnology in the leaves of temuru simplex has not
been found.
The aim of this study was to evalueted the hypoglycemic activity,
determined the bioactive compounds, compared the hypoglycemic activity, and
measured the antioxidant activity of nano particles and ethanolic extract of temuru
leaves, and to determined the effect of blood glucose level against cholesterol in
DM rats.
Nano particles of temuru leaves was obtained using milling method then
the characteristic of nano particles was analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscope) and PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), while the extract was obtained
using maceration. Hypoglycemic test was using rats that was induced with
intraperitoneal of 150 mg/kg/BW alloxan. Blood glucose level was measured
using glucose test instrument and the cholesterol was determined using enzymatic
colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH (2.2diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazil).
SEM and PSA analysis showed that the of nano particles temuru leaveas
had a soft and flat surface with the average particle size about 35.7±36.3 nm.
Paired samples statistic analysis showed that the decreasing of fasted blood
glucose level in the rats group that given nano particles and ethanolic extract of
temuru leaves was significantly different with diabetic control group with
significant value 0.003;0.002, P < 5%. Simple linier regression statistically
showed that the increasing or decreasing of 1 mg/dL blood glucose level will
increase or decrease the total cholesterol of 0.144 mg/dL. Phytochemical
screening showed nano particles contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside,
saponins, antraquinone glycoside, tannin, triterpenoids/steroids, and the extract of
temuru leaves contained bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids,
saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids. Antioxidant activity analysis showed that the
IC50 of ethanolic extract of temuru leaves was 34.16 ppm and IC50 of nano
particles was 324.43 ppm.
The results indicates that nano particles and ethanolic extract of temuru
leaves can decreasing the rats blood glucose level. The blood glucose levellevel in
DM rats is influences the total cholesterol and the antioxidant activity of nano
particles was higher than the ethanolic extract of temuru leaves.
Keyword: hypoglycemic, nano particles, antioxidant
78
DAN EKSTRAK DAUN TEMURU (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng)
TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN SERTA
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA
ABSTRAK
World Health Organization memperkirakan penderita diabetes mellitus
(DM) terus meningkat baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia pada tahun 2030.
Akarbose sebagai antidiabetik DM tipe 2 memiliki efek samping. Pengobatan
menggunakan bahan alam dianggap lebih aman dan mempunyai efek samping
yang relatif kecil. Aplikasi teknologi nano dalam dunia pengobatan terus
meningkat, tetapi belum ditemukan teknologi nano dalam pengolahan simplisia
daun temuru.
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji aktivitas hipoglikemik, menentukan
golongan senyawa bioaktif, membandingkan aktivitas hipoglikemik, dan
mengukur aktivitas antioksidan nano partikel dan ekstrak etanol daun temuru,
serta mengetahui pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap kadar kolesterol darah
tikus DM.
Nano partikel daun temuru diperoleh menggunakan metode milling
selanjutnya karakteristik nano partikel dianalisis menggunakan SEM (Scanning
Electron Microscope) dan PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), sedangkan ekstrak
etanol daun temuru diperoleh dengan cara maserasi. Uji hipoglikemik
menggunakan tikus yang diinduksi dengan aloksan 150 mg/kg bb
intraperitoneal. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah (KGD) tikus menggunakan alat
glukotest dan penetapan kadar kolesterol total darah tikus menggunakan metode
kolorimetri enzimatik. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode
DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl).
Analisis SEM dan PSA menunjukkan bahwa nano partikel daun temuru
memiliki permukaan yang halus dan rata dengan rerata ukuran partikel 35,77 ±
36,3 nm. Analisis paired samples statistic menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata
penurunan KGD puasa kelompok tikus yang diberikan nano partikel dan ekstrak
etanol daun temuru berbeda nyata dengan kelompok kontrol diabetik berturutturut dengan nilai signifikan 0,003; 0,002, P < 5%. Analisis regresi linier
sederhana (RLS) secara statistik menunjukkan peningkatan dan penurunan KGD
sebesar 1mg/dL akan meningkatkan atau menurunkan kadar kolesterol total
tikus DM sebesar 0,144mg/dL. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan nano partikel
mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid, flavonoid, glikosida, saponin,
antrakuinon glikosida, tanin, triterpenoid/steroid, dan ekstrak etanol daun
temuru mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid, glikosida, saponin, dan
triterpenoid/steroid. Analisis aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun temuru
memiliki IC50 sebesar 34,16 ppm dan IC50 nano partikel sebesar 328,42 ppm.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nano partikel dan ekstrak etanol
daun temuru dapat menurunkan KGD tikus. Kadar glukosa darah tikus
mempengaruhi kadar kolesterol total tikus DM dan aktivitas antioksidan nano
partikel lebih besar daripada ekstrak etanol daun temuru.
Kata kunci: hipoglikemik, nano partikel, antioksidan
77
HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY TEST NANO PARTICLES TEMURU
LEAVEAS AND TEMURU (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng) LEAF
EXTRACT TO RATS INDUCED ALLOXAN AND THE ANTIOXIDANT
ACTIVITY
ABSTRACT
World Health Organization predict that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) keep
increasing whether in worldwide or Indonesia in 2030. Acarbose is an antidiabetic
for DM type II that has a side effect. Treatment using the natural product is
effectiveness and less side effect. Nanotechnology application in medicinal world
keep increasing, but the nanotechnology in the leaves of temuru simplex has not
been found.
The aim of this study was to evalueted the hypoglycemic activity,
determined the bioactive compounds, compared the hypoglycemic activity, and
measured the antioxidant activity of nano particles and ethanolic extract of temuru
leaves, and to determined the effect of blood glucose level against cholesterol in
DM rats.
Nano particles of temuru leaves was obtained using milling method then
the characteristic of nano particles was analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscope) and PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), while the extract was obtained
using maceration. Hypoglycemic test was using rats that was induced with
intraperitoneal of 150 mg/kg/BW alloxan. Blood glucose level was measured
using glucose test instrument and the cholesterol was determined using enzymatic
colorimetric method. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH (2.2diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazil).
SEM and PSA analysis showed that the of nano particles temuru leaveas
had a soft and flat surface with the average particle size about 35.7±36.3 nm.
Paired samples statistic analysis showed that the decreasing of fasted blood
glucose level in the rats group that given nano particles and ethanolic extract of
temuru leaves was significantly different with diabetic control group with
significant value 0.003;0.002, P < 5%. Simple linier regression statistically
showed that the increasing or decreasing of 1 mg/dL blood glucose level will
increase or decrease the total cholesterol of 0.144 mg/dL. Phytochemical
screening showed nano particles contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside,
saponins, antraquinone glycoside, tannin, triterpenoids/steroids, and the extract of
temuru leaves contained bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids,
saponins, and triterpenoids/steroids. Antioxidant activity analysis showed that the
IC50 of ethanolic extract of temuru leaves was 34.16 ppm and IC50 of nano
particles was 324.43 ppm.
The results indicates that nano particles and ethanolic extract of temuru
leaves can decreasing the rats blood glucose level. The blood glucose levellevel in
DM rats is influences the total cholesterol and the antioxidant activity of nano
particles was higher than the ethanolic extract of temuru leaves.
Keyword: hypoglycemic, nano particles, antioxidant
78