Deteksi Mycobacterium leprae dengan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction dari Saliva Penderita Kusta
52
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Rea TH, Modlin RL. Leprosy. Dalam: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI,
Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffel DJ, editor. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in
General Medicine. Edisi ke-7. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. h.1786-96.
Job CK, Jayakumar J, Kearney M, Gillis TP. Transmission of leprosy: a study
of skin and nasal secretions of household contact of leprosy patient using PCR.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 78(3):518-21.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Dirjen P2L. Buku Pedoman
Nasional Pengendalian Penyakit Kusta. Jakarta. 2007.
World Health Organization. Weekkly epidemiological report. 2008; 83:293-300.
Pannikar VK. Global scenario. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL Textbook of
Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.31-4.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2011.
Jakarta. 2011.
Lubis SR. Profil penderita kusta di tiga Rumah Sakit Pendidikan di Provinsi
Sumatera Utara periode 1 Januari 2008 - 31 Desember 2012. Pekan Ilmiah
Tahunan XIII Perdoski. Yogyakarta, 2013. h.157
da Rosa FB, de Souza VC, de Almeida TAP, do Nascimento VA, Vásquez FG,
Cunha MGS, et al. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in saliva and the
evaluation of oral sensitivity in patients with leprosy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.
2013; 108(5): 572-577.
Martinez TS, Figueira MM, Costa AV, Gonçalves MA, Goulart LR, Goulart
IM. Oral mucosa as a source of Mycobacterium leprae infection and
transmission, and implications of bacterial DNA detection and the
immunological status. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011; 17(11):1653-8.
Scheepers A. Correlation of oral surface temperatures and the lesions of leprosy.
Int J Lepr. 1998; 66(2):214-7.
Sinha S, Kannan S, Nagaraju B, Sengupta U, Gupte MD. Utility of
serodiagnostic test for leprosy: a study in endemic population in South India.
Lepr Rev. 2004; 75:266-273.
Rees RJW, Young DB. The microbiology of leprosy. Dalam: Hasting RC,
Opromolla, DVA, Editor. Leprosy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:
49-83.
Chae GT, Kim MJ, Kang TJ, Lee SB, Shin HK, Kim JP, et al. DNA-PCR and
RT-PCR for the 18-kDa gene of Mycobacterium leprae to assess the efficacy of
multi-drug therapy for leprosy. J Med Microbiol. 2002; 51:417-22.
Madjid B. Polymerase chain reaction untuk identifikasi Mycobacterium leprae.
Kumpulan naskah pertemuan ilmiah tahunan nasional perhimpunan dokter
spesialis kulit dan kelamin Indonesia. Malang. PERDOSKI; 1994: 19-24.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Hirawati, Katoch K, Chauhan DS, Singh HB, Sharma VD, Singh M, dkk.
Detection of M. leprae by reverse transcriptase-PCR in biopsy specimens from
lleprosy cases: a preliminary study. J Commun Dis. 2006; 280-7.
Handoyo D, Rudiretna A. Prinsip umum dan pelaksanaan polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). Unitas. 2001; 9(1):17–29.
Aryani A, Kusumawaty D. Prinsip-prinsip polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
dan aplikasinya. Kursus Singkat Isolasi dan Amplifikasi DNA; 2007: 71-4.
Agusni I, Menaldi SL. Beberapa prosedur diagnostik baru pada penyakit kusta.
Diagnosis penyakit kusta. Dalam: Sjamsoe Daili, Menaldi SL, Isminarto SP,
editor. Kusta. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta; 2003. h.12-32.
Patrocinio LG, Goulart IMB, Goulart RZ, Patrocinio JA, Ferreira FR, Fleury
RN. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in nasal mucosa biopsies by the
polymerase chain reaction. FEMS Immun and Med Microbiol. 2005; 44:31116.
Bryceson A, Pfaltzgraff RE. Diagnosis. Dalam: Bryceson A, Pfaltzgraff RE,
editor. Leprosy. Edisi ke-3. London: Churchil Livingstone; 1990. h.93-113.
Amiruddin MD, Hakim Z, Darwis E. Diagnosis penyakit kusta. Dalam:
Sjamsoe Daili, Menaldi SL, Isminarto SP, editor. Kusta. Balai Penerbit FKUI.
Jakarta; 2003. h.12-32.
International Leprosy Association, Technical Forum. Paris. 2002. h.20-7.
Kosasih A, Wisnu IM, Dailli ES, Menaldi SL. Kusta. Dalam: Juanda A. Ilmu
Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin. Edisi ke–5. FKUI. Jakarta, 2005. h.73-88.
Abdalla LG, Santos JH, Collado CSC, Cunha MGS, Naveca FG.
Mycobacterium leprae in the periodontium, saliva and skin smears of leprosy
patients. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2010; 25(2):148-53.
Arsyad Y, Jifanti F, Amiruddin MD, Anwar AI, Adriaty D, Wahyuni R, dkk.
Comparative study on the intensity of Mycobacterium leprae exposure between
household and nonhousehold contact of leprosy. Indonesian J Trop and Infect
Dis. 2012; 3(1):1-4.
Jadhav RS, MacDonald, Bjune G. Simplified PCR detection method for nasal
Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr. 2001; 69(4):299-307.
Mishra RS, Kumar J. Classification. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL Textbook
of Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.144-51.
Nath I, Chaduvula M. Immunological aspect. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL
Textbook of Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.60-73.
Rantam FA. Metode imunologi. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya, 2003.
h.3-9.
Sudaryanto SH. Perkembangan imunoterapi kusta. MDVI: XVII/50. 1991.
h.41-47.
Walker SL, Lockwood DNJ. The Clinical and immunological features of
leprosy. Bri Med Bul. 2006; 1-24.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Scollard DM, Adams LB. The Continuing Challenges of Leprosy. Clin
Microbiol Rev. 2006; 19:338-81.
Naik V, Kini R, Singla S, Shetti A. Leprosy spesific orofacial aspect. JIAOMR.
2011; 23(3):216-20.
Martinez TS, Nahas AA, Figueira MMNR, Costa AV, Goncalves MA, Goulart
LR, Goulart IMB. Oral lesion in leprosy: borderline tuberculoid diagnosis
based on detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA by qPCR. Acta Derm
Venereol. 2011; 91:704-7.
Vinhas AC, Nascimento RM. Consideration for eruthema nodosum leprosum,
with emphasis on its oral manifestation. AID. 2013; 3(1):35-43.
Matsuoka M. Drug Resistance in Leprosy. Japan Journal of Infection Disease.
2010; 63:1-7.
Williams DL, Gillis TP. Molecular detection of drug resistance in
Mycobacterium leprae. Lepr Rev. 2004; 75:118-130.
Cho SN, Shin JS, Choi IH, Kim SH, Kim DI, Kim JD. Detection of phenolic
glycolipid 1 of Mycobacteruim leprae and antibodies to antigen in sera from
leprosy patients and their contacts. Yonsei Med Journal. 1998; 3:219-24.
Torres P, Camarena JJ, Gomez JR, Nogueira JM, Gimeno V, Navarro JC, dkk.
Comparison of PCR mediated amplification DNA and the classical methods for
detection of Mycobacterium leprae in different types of clinical samples in
leprosy patients and contacts. Lepr Rev. 2003; 74:18-30.
40.
Vierstate A. Univ of Ghent. Principles of PCR available at: [on-line]:
URL.http://allserv.rug.ac.be/avierstr/principles/pcr.html last update: 30 November
2013.
41.
Almeida EC, Martinez AN, Maniero VC, Sales AM, Duppre NC, Sarno EN,
dkk. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in
the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Mem Inst
Oswaldo Cruz. 2004; 99(5):509-12.
Pattyn SR, Ursi D, Leven M, Grillone S, Raes V. Detection of Mycobacterium
leprae by the polymerase chain reaction in nasal swabs of leprosy patients and
their contacts. Int J Lepr. 1993; 61(3):389-93.
Madiyono B, Moeslichan S, Sastroasmoro S, Budiman I, Purwanto SH.
Perkiraan besar sampel. Dalam: Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-Dasar
Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011. h.347-82.
42.
43.
44.
Chapter I available at: [on-line]:
URL. http://repository.usu.or.id/bitstream/123456789/3779815/chapterI.pdf.
45.
Thorat DM, Sharma P. Epidemiology. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL
Textbook of Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.24-31.
Van beer S, Hatta M, Klatser PR. Patient contact is the major determinant in
incident leprosy: implication for future control. Int J Lepr. 1999; 67(2):119-28.
Brakel VW, Kaur H. Is beggary a chosen profession among people living in
leprosy colony. Leprosy Review 2002: 110-1.
46.
47.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Peter ES, Eshiet AL. Male-female differences in leprosy patients in South
Eastern Nigeria: females present late for diagnosis and treatment and have
higher rate of deformity. Leprosy Review 2002: 262-7.
Nerawati ATD. Studi faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya seropositif
infeksi kusta pada kontak serumah penderita kusta multibasiler di daerah
endemis kusta Kabupaten Gresik. [Tesis]. Program Pasca Sarjana. Universitas
Airlangga Surabaya. 2003.
Susanto N. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecacatan penderita
kusta. [Tesis]. Program Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta.
2006.
Noordern SK. The epidemiology of leprosy. Dalam: Hasting. Leprosy. Edisi
ke-2. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1994. h.29-45
Pilkaytis BB, Gelber RH, Shinnick TN. Rapid and sensitive detection of
Mycobaacterium leprae using a nested-primer gen amplification assay. J Clin
Microbiol. 1990; 28(9):1913-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Rea TH, Modlin RL. Leprosy. Dalam: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI,
Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffel DJ, editor. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in
General Medicine. Edisi ke-7. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008. h.1786-96.
Job CK, Jayakumar J, Kearney M, Gillis TP. Transmission of leprosy: a study
of skin and nasal secretions of household contact of leprosy patient using PCR.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008; 78(3):518-21.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Dirjen P2L. Buku Pedoman
Nasional Pengendalian Penyakit Kusta. Jakarta. 2007.
World Health Organization. Weekkly epidemiological report. 2008; 83:293-300.
Pannikar VK. Global scenario. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL Textbook of
Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.31-4.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2011.
Jakarta. 2011.
Lubis SR. Profil penderita kusta di tiga Rumah Sakit Pendidikan di Provinsi
Sumatera Utara periode 1 Januari 2008 - 31 Desember 2012. Pekan Ilmiah
Tahunan XIII Perdoski. Yogyakarta, 2013. h.157
da Rosa FB, de Souza VC, de Almeida TAP, do Nascimento VA, Vásquez FG,
Cunha MGS, et al. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in saliva and the
evaluation of oral sensitivity in patients with leprosy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.
2013; 108(5): 572-577.
Martinez TS, Figueira MM, Costa AV, Gonçalves MA, Goulart LR, Goulart
IM. Oral mucosa as a source of Mycobacterium leprae infection and
transmission, and implications of bacterial DNA detection and the
immunological status. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011; 17(11):1653-8.
Scheepers A. Correlation of oral surface temperatures and the lesions of leprosy.
Int J Lepr. 1998; 66(2):214-7.
Sinha S, Kannan S, Nagaraju B, Sengupta U, Gupte MD. Utility of
serodiagnostic test for leprosy: a study in endemic population in South India.
Lepr Rev. 2004; 75:266-273.
Rees RJW, Young DB. The microbiology of leprosy. Dalam: Hasting RC,
Opromolla, DVA, Editor. Leprosy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1994:
49-83.
Chae GT, Kim MJ, Kang TJ, Lee SB, Shin HK, Kim JP, et al. DNA-PCR and
RT-PCR for the 18-kDa gene of Mycobacterium leprae to assess the efficacy of
multi-drug therapy for leprosy. J Med Microbiol. 2002; 51:417-22.
Madjid B. Polymerase chain reaction untuk identifikasi Mycobacterium leprae.
Kumpulan naskah pertemuan ilmiah tahunan nasional perhimpunan dokter
spesialis kulit dan kelamin Indonesia. Malang. PERDOSKI; 1994: 19-24.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
53
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Hirawati, Katoch K, Chauhan DS, Singh HB, Sharma VD, Singh M, dkk.
Detection of M. leprae by reverse transcriptase-PCR in biopsy specimens from
lleprosy cases: a preliminary study. J Commun Dis. 2006; 280-7.
Handoyo D, Rudiretna A. Prinsip umum dan pelaksanaan polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). Unitas. 2001; 9(1):17–29.
Aryani A, Kusumawaty D. Prinsip-prinsip polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
dan aplikasinya. Kursus Singkat Isolasi dan Amplifikasi DNA; 2007: 71-4.
Agusni I, Menaldi SL. Beberapa prosedur diagnostik baru pada penyakit kusta.
Diagnosis penyakit kusta. Dalam: Sjamsoe Daili, Menaldi SL, Isminarto SP,
editor. Kusta. Balai Penerbit FKUI. Jakarta; 2003. h.12-32.
Patrocinio LG, Goulart IMB, Goulart RZ, Patrocinio JA, Ferreira FR, Fleury
RN. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in nasal mucosa biopsies by the
polymerase chain reaction. FEMS Immun and Med Microbiol. 2005; 44:31116.
Bryceson A, Pfaltzgraff RE. Diagnosis. Dalam: Bryceson A, Pfaltzgraff RE,
editor. Leprosy. Edisi ke-3. London: Churchil Livingstone; 1990. h.93-113.
Amiruddin MD, Hakim Z, Darwis E. Diagnosis penyakit kusta. Dalam:
Sjamsoe Daili, Menaldi SL, Isminarto SP, editor. Kusta. Balai Penerbit FKUI.
Jakarta; 2003. h.12-32.
International Leprosy Association, Technical Forum. Paris. 2002. h.20-7.
Kosasih A, Wisnu IM, Dailli ES, Menaldi SL. Kusta. Dalam: Juanda A. Ilmu
Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin. Edisi ke–5. FKUI. Jakarta, 2005. h.73-88.
Abdalla LG, Santos JH, Collado CSC, Cunha MGS, Naveca FG.
Mycobacterium leprae in the periodontium, saliva and skin smears of leprosy
patients. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2010; 25(2):148-53.
Arsyad Y, Jifanti F, Amiruddin MD, Anwar AI, Adriaty D, Wahyuni R, dkk.
Comparative study on the intensity of Mycobacterium leprae exposure between
household and nonhousehold contact of leprosy. Indonesian J Trop and Infect
Dis. 2012; 3(1):1-4.
Jadhav RS, MacDonald, Bjune G. Simplified PCR detection method for nasal
Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr. 2001; 69(4):299-307.
Mishra RS, Kumar J. Classification. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL Textbook
of Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.144-51.
Nath I, Chaduvula M. Immunological aspect. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL
Textbook of Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.60-73.
Rantam FA. Metode imunologi. Airlangga University Press. Surabaya, 2003.
h.3-9.
Sudaryanto SH. Perkembangan imunoterapi kusta. MDVI: XVII/50. 1991.
h.41-47.
Walker SL, Lockwood DNJ. The Clinical and immunological features of
leprosy. Bri Med Bul. 2006; 1-24.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
54
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Scollard DM, Adams LB. The Continuing Challenges of Leprosy. Clin
Microbiol Rev. 2006; 19:338-81.
Naik V, Kini R, Singla S, Shetti A. Leprosy spesific orofacial aspect. JIAOMR.
2011; 23(3):216-20.
Martinez TS, Nahas AA, Figueira MMNR, Costa AV, Goncalves MA, Goulart
LR, Goulart IMB. Oral lesion in leprosy: borderline tuberculoid diagnosis
based on detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA by qPCR. Acta Derm
Venereol. 2011; 91:704-7.
Vinhas AC, Nascimento RM. Consideration for eruthema nodosum leprosum,
with emphasis on its oral manifestation. AID. 2013; 3(1):35-43.
Matsuoka M. Drug Resistance in Leprosy. Japan Journal of Infection Disease.
2010; 63:1-7.
Williams DL, Gillis TP. Molecular detection of drug resistance in
Mycobacterium leprae. Lepr Rev. 2004; 75:118-130.
Cho SN, Shin JS, Choi IH, Kim SH, Kim DI, Kim JD. Detection of phenolic
glycolipid 1 of Mycobacteruim leprae and antibodies to antigen in sera from
leprosy patients and their contacts. Yonsei Med Journal. 1998; 3:219-24.
Torres P, Camarena JJ, Gomez JR, Nogueira JM, Gimeno V, Navarro JC, dkk.
Comparison of PCR mediated amplification DNA and the classical methods for
detection of Mycobacterium leprae in different types of clinical samples in
leprosy patients and contacts. Lepr Rev. 2003; 74:18-30.
40.
Vierstate A. Univ of Ghent. Principles of PCR available at: [on-line]:
URL.http://allserv.rug.ac.be/avierstr/principles/pcr.html last update: 30 November
2013.
41.
Almeida EC, Martinez AN, Maniero VC, Sales AM, Duppre NC, Sarno EN,
dkk. Detection of Mycobacterium leprae DNA by polymerase chain reaction in
the blood and nasal secretion of Brazilian household contacts. Mem Inst
Oswaldo Cruz. 2004; 99(5):509-12.
Pattyn SR, Ursi D, Leven M, Grillone S, Raes V. Detection of Mycobacterium
leprae by the polymerase chain reaction in nasal swabs of leprosy patients and
their contacts. Int J Lepr. 1993; 61(3):389-93.
Madiyono B, Moeslichan S, Sastroasmoro S, Budiman I, Purwanto SH.
Perkiraan besar sampel. Dalam: Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. Dasar-Dasar
Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Edisi ke-4. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011. h.347-82.
42.
43.
44.
Chapter I available at: [on-line]:
URL. http://repository.usu.or.id/bitstream/123456789/3779815/chapterI.pdf.
45.
Thorat DM, Sharma P. Epidemiology. Dalam: Kar HK, Kumar B. IAL
Textbook of Leprosy. Edisi ke-1. New Delhi: JPBMP; 2010. h.24-31.
Van beer S, Hatta M, Klatser PR. Patient contact is the major determinant in
incident leprosy: implication for future control. Int J Lepr. 1999; 67(2):119-28.
Brakel VW, Kaur H. Is beggary a chosen profession among people living in
leprosy colony. Leprosy Review 2002: 110-1.
46.
47.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
55
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
Peter ES, Eshiet AL. Male-female differences in leprosy patients in South
Eastern Nigeria: females present late for diagnosis and treatment and have
higher rate of deformity. Leprosy Review 2002: 262-7.
Nerawati ATD. Studi faktor yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya seropositif
infeksi kusta pada kontak serumah penderita kusta multibasiler di daerah
endemis kusta Kabupaten Gresik. [Tesis]. Program Pasca Sarjana. Universitas
Airlangga Surabaya. 2003.
Susanto N. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat kecacatan penderita
kusta. [Tesis]. Program Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta.
2006.
Noordern SK. The epidemiology of leprosy. Dalam: Hasting. Leprosy. Edisi
ke-2. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1994. h.29-45
Pilkaytis BB, Gelber RH, Shinnick TN. Rapid and sensitive detection of
Mycobaacterium leprae using a nested-primer gen amplification assay. J Clin
Microbiol. 1990; 28(9):1913-7.
Universitas Sumatera Utara