Polifarmasi Dan Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Usia Lanjut Rawat Jalan Dengan Penyakit Metabolik Di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anonim (2012). Drug Interaction.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug interaction.
Tanggal akses 6 Agustus 2012.
American
Heart
Association
2010.
Sindrom
Metabolik.
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter jhtml?identifier = 4756. Accesed
on 11 May 2014.
American Society of Hospital Pharmacist. (1993). ASHP Guidelines Preventing
Medication Errors in Hospital. Am J Hosp Pharm. 50: 305-314.
Aro, A., Anttila, M., Korhonen, T., dan Sundquist, H. (1982). Pharmacokinetics
of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism.Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 21:
373-377.
Badan Pusat Statistik (2010). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia. Jakarta: Badan
Pusat Statistik. Halaman 2.
Bailie, G.R., Johnson, C.A., Manson, N.A., dan Peter, W.L. (2004). Medfacts
Pocket Guide to Drug Interactions.Edisi ke-2. Middleton: Bone Care
International, Nephrology Pharmacy Associates Inc. Halaman 1-6.
Baxter, K. (2008). Stockley’s Drug Interactions: A Source Book of Interactions,
Their Mechanisms, Clinical Importance and Management . Edisi ke-7. Great
Britain: Pharmaceutical Press. Halaman 1-3.
Cantu, T.G, dan Lipani .J.A. (1995). Gastrointestinal ulceration with NSAIDs.
Am J Med. 99 : 440-441
Darmansjah, I. (1994). Polifarmasi Pada Usia Lanjut. Jurnal Medika Indonesia.
3(2): 122-123
Darmojo, B., dan Martono, H. (2000). Geriatri. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI
Halaman 242
Dalimunthe,
A.
(2009).
Interaksi
Obat
pada
Antimikroba.
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/3612/1/10E00503.pdf.
Tanggal akses 2 Agustus 2012.
41
Davies, N.M, dan Skjodt, N.M. (1999). Clinical pharmacokinetics of
meloxicam.A cyclo-oxygenase-2
preferential
nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drug. Clin Pharmacokinet. 36(2):115-126.
Depkes, RI. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No 27 tahun 2014, Jakarta.
Donatus, I.A. (1999). Nasib Obat Pada Diri Lanjut Usia (Lansia). Sigma. 1(1): 110
Ekowati, H., Adi, T.P., Trisnowati dan Raharjo, B. (2006). Pengaruh Visitasi
Farmasi Terhadap Potensi Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Lanjut Usia Rawat
Inap di Bangsal Dahlia RSUD Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo. Majalah
Farmasi Indonesia. 17(4): 199-203.
Ford, E.S., dan Giles, W.H. (2003). A Comparison of the Prevalence of the
Metabolic Syndrome Using Two Proposed Definitions. Diabetes Care.
26:575-281.
Ford, E.S., Giles, W.H., dan Dietz, W.H. (2002). Prevalensi of the Metabolic
Syndrome Among U.S Adults Findings from the Thrid National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 287: 356-359.
Fradgley, S. (2003). Drug Iinteractions, In Clinical Pharmacy (Clinical
Pharmacy) Towards a Rational Treatment and Patient Choice Award,
Editor: Mohamed Aslam, Chik Kaw Tan, Adji Prayitno. Jakarta: PT. Elex
Media Komputindo Scholastic Group. Halaman 119-134.
Fujii, H., Nakahama H., Yoshihara, F., Nakamura, S., Inenaga, T., dan Kawano,
Y. (2005). Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia During a Combined Therapy
With The Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Candesartan and Spironolactone.
Kobe J Med Sci 51: 1-6.
Good, J..M., Brady, A.J., Noormohamed, F.H., Oakley, C.M, dan Cleland, J.G.
(1994). Effect of Intense Angiotensin II Suppression on the Diuretic
Response to Furosemide During Chronic ACE inhibition. Circulation. 90:
220-224.
Granfinkel, D., Zur, G.S., dan Ben, J. (2007). The War Against Polypharmacy: A
New Cost- Effective Geriatric-Palliative Approach for Improving Drug
Therapy in Disabled Elderly People. IMA Journal. 9(1): 430
Hajjar, E.R., Cafiero, A.C., dan Hanlon, J.T. (2007). Polypharmacy in Elderly
Patients.The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. 5(4): 345351
42
Hashem, G. (2005). Drug-Drug Intractions.Department of Pharmacology. Cairo.
Faculty of Medicine. Cairo University. Halaman 3, 46-47.
Ismayadi. (2004). Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Reumatik (Arthritis Treumatoid)
Pada Lansia . Medan. Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas
Sumatera Utara. Halaman 4-10
Joyce, L.K., dan Hayes, E.R. (1994). Farmakologi, Pendekatan Proses
Keperawatan. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC. Halaman 142-144.
Kane, R.L., Ouslander, J.G., Abrass, I.B., dan Resnick, B. (2008). Essentials of
Clinical Geriatrics, 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Kaplan, N.M. (1991). Amlodipine in the treatment of hypertension.Postgrad Med
J 67 Suppl 5 (1991): s15-19.
Katz, R.J., Levy, W.S, Buff, L., dan Wasserman A.G. (1991). Prevention of
nitrate tolerance with angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors.
Circulation. 83: 1271-1277.
Khaliq, Y., dan Zhanel, G.G. (2003). Fluoroquinolone-Associated Tendinopathy:
A Critical Review of the Literature. Clin Infect Dis. 36: 1404-1410
Klinkhardt, U., et.al. (2000). Ex vivo-in vitro interaction between aspirin,
clopidogrel, and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther .
67: 305-313.
Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D.W., Klar, J., dan Lwanga, S.K. (1997). Besar Sampel
Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Halaman 46-55.
Mamun, K., Lien, C.T., Tan, G.C.E., dan Ang, W.S.T. (2004). Polypharmacy and
inappropriate Mediction Use in Singapore Nursing Homes. Annals
Academy of Medicine. 33 (1): 49-52.
Markowitz, J.S., Wells, B.G., dan Carson, W.H. (1995). Interactions between
antipsychotic and antihypertensive drugs. Ann Pharmacother . 29: 603-609
Maryam, R. Siti. (2008). Mengenal UsiaLanjut dan Perawatannya . Jakarta:
Salemba Medika. Halaman 45-75.
Martin, J. (2009). British National Formulary 58 . September 2009. London: BMJ
Group and RPS Publishing. Halaman 720.
Masjoer, M. (1998). Interaksi Obat Dalam Polifarmasi. Jurnal Kedokteran
Medika Media Indonesiana FK UNDIP . 33 (4):196.
43
Mega, G.U. (2013). Analisis Potensi Interaksi Obat Antidiabetik Oral pada
Pasien di Instalasi Rawat jalan Askes Rumah Sakit Dokter Soedarso
Pontianak Periode Januari-Maret 2013.Tesis. Program Pasca Sarjana
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjung Pura Pontianak. Hal 32
Merentek, E. (2006). Resistensi insulin pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Jurnal.
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. No 150. Hal:38-41
Mittal, S. (2008). The Metabolic Syndrome in Clinical Practice . Springer-Verlog
London. Halaman 15.
Nanang, M.Y., Herlina T.W., dan Endah. K.D. (2008). Kajian Interaksi Obat pada
Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kogestif di RSUP dr Sardjito Yogyakarta tahun
2005.Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 4(1); 15-22.
Pauli, M.C., Rekersbrink, S., Klotz, U., dan Fromm, M.F. (2001). Interaction of
omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein. Naunyn
Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 364: 551-557.
Pranarka, K. (2006). Penerapan geriatrik kedokteran menuju usia lanjut yang
sehat. Universa Medicine. 25 (4): 148-197.
Pranaka, K. (2011). Simposium Geriatric Syndromes, Semarang: Badan Penerbit
Universitas Diponegoro
Prasetya, R. (2011). Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotika Berdasarkan
Kontraindikasi, Efek Samping, dan Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Rawat Inap
Dengan Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Bawah di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih
Yogyakarta Periode Januari-Juni 2005. J Trop Pharm Chem. 1(2):96.
Rahmawati, F., Pramantara, D.P., Rohmah, W., dan Sulaiman, S.A. (2009).
Polypharmacy and Unnecessary Drug Therapy on Geriatric Hospitalized
Patients in Yogyakarta Hospitals, Indonesia. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.1(1): 6-11.
Rahmawati, F., Handayani, R., dan Gosal, V. (2006). Kajian Restropektif
Interaksi Obat di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 17(4): 177-183.
Rodriguez, T.B., Dreher, J., dan Malevany, I. (2001). Serum levels and
cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients. Ther Drug Monit. 23: 435-440.
44
Roy V dan Varsha R. (2005). Pharmacist in Geriatric Care: A Challenging
Service. Health Administrator . XIV(1): 76-82.
Santi. P.S., Mahdi. J., dan Dini. P.S. (2008). Analisis Interaksi Obat Antidiabetik
Oral Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit X Depok. Jurnal Farmasi
Indonesia . 4(1): 8-14
Sasaki, M., Maeda, A., dan Fujimura, A. (2001). Influence of diltiazem on the
pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in elderly hypertensive patients. Eur J Clin
Pharmacol. 57: 85-86
Setiati, S., Harimurtik., dan Roosheroe, A.G. (2006). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. Jilid III Edisi IV. Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam
Fakultas Kedokteran Indonesia. Hal :1335-1340
Sonali, S.B., Sandip, B., Bharateb., dan Amrita, N., Bajaj. (2010). Interactions and
Incompatibilities of Pharmaceutical Excipientswith Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients: a comprehensive review. J. Excipients and Food Chem.1(3):
1-26
Stockley, I.H. (2008). Stockley’s Drug Interaction. Eight Edition. Great Britain:
Pharmaceutical Press.
Strom, B.L., dan Kimmel, S.E. (2006). Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiology.
London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Halaman 478.
Sudijanto. K.P dan Ratna. J. (2007). Dislipidemia pada Usia Lanjut di Kota
Padang. Makara Kesehatan. Jakarta Depok: Universitas Indonesia. Vol 6.
Halaman 55-57
Sun, J.X., Cipriano, A., Chan, K., dan John, V.A. (1994). Pharmacokinetic
interaction study between benazepril and amlodipine in healthy subjects.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 47: 285-289
Taliaferro, P.M., dan Price, C.A. (2001). Aging Increases Risk for Medication
problems. Senior Series.127:1-3.
Tatro, D.S. (2001). Drug Interaction Facts, 5th Edition, St Louis Missouri: A wolters
Kluwer Company
Tonny. S. (2011). Studi Restropektif Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Jankesmas di
RSUD Hasanuddin Damrah Manna Bengkulu Selatan. USU Institutional
Repository. Hal 6
45
Ummu. K. (2009). Obesitas pada anak-anak dan remaja. Available form http://
ummukautsar wordpress.com/2009/04/30/obesitas pada anak-anak. Tanggal
akses 10 May 2010
Widdy, B dan Aaltje, E.M. (2011). Prevalensi Sindroma Metabolik pada remaja di
kota Tomohon. Hal: 6-7
Wiernsperger, N., dan Rapin J.R. (1995).Metformin-insulin interactions: from
organ to cell.. Diabetes Metab Rev. Supp11: 3-12
Yenny dan Elly, H. (2006). Prevalensi penyakit kronis dan kualitas hidup pada
lanjut usia di Jakarta Selatan. Universa Medicina . 25(4): 164-169
Yusuf, S., Teo, K.K.. (2008). Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high
risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 358: 1547-1559
46
Anonim (2012). Drug Interaction.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug interaction.
Tanggal akses 6 Agustus 2012.
American
Heart
Association
2010.
Sindrom
Metabolik.
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter jhtml?identifier = 4756. Accesed
on 11 May 2014.
American Society of Hospital Pharmacist. (1993). ASHP Guidelines Preventing
Medication Errors in Hospital. Am J Hosp Pharm. 50: 305-314.
Aro, A., Anttila, M., Korhonen, T., dan Sundquist, H. (1982). Pharmacokinetics
of propranolol and sotalol in hyperthyroidism.Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 21:
373-377.
Badan Pusat Statistik (2010). Statistik Penduduk Lanjut Usia. Jakarta: Badan
Pusat Statistik. Halaman 2.
Bailie, G.R., Johnson, C.A., Manson, N.A., dan Peter, W.L. (2004). Medfacts
Pocket Guide to Drug Interactions.Edisi ke-2. Middleton: Bone Care
International, Nephrology Pharmacy Associates Inc. Halaman 1-6.
Baxter, K. (2008). Stockley’s Drug Interactions: A Source Book of Interactions,
Their Mechanisms, Clinical Importance and Management . Edisi ke-7. Great
Britain: Pharmaceutical Press. Halaman 1-3.
Cantu, T.G, dan Lipani .J.A. (1995). Gastrointestinal ulceration with NSAIDs.
Am J Med. 99 : 440-441
Darmansjah, I. (1994). Polifarmasi Pada Usia Lanjut. Jurnal Medika Indonesia.
3(2): 122-123
Darmojo, B., dan Martono, H. (2000). Geriatri. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI
Halaman 242
Dalimunthe,
A.
(2009).
Interaksi
Obat
pada
Antimikroba.
http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/3612/1/10E00503.pdf.
Tanggal akses 2 Agustus 2012.
41
Davies, N.M, dan Skjodt, N.M. (1999). Clinical pharmacokinetics of
meloxicam.A cyclo-oxygenase-2
preferential
nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory drug. Clin Pharmacokinet. 36(2):115-126.
Depkes, RI. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No 27 tahun 2014, Jakarta.
Donatus, I.A. (1999). Nasib Obat Pada Diri Lanjut Usia (Lansia). Sigma. 1(1): 110
Ekowati, H., Adi, T.P., Trisnowati dan Raharjo, B. (2006). Pengaruh Visitasi
Farmasi Terhadap Potensi Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Lanjut Usia Rawat
Inap di Bangsal Dahlia RSUD Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo. Majalah
Farmasi Indonesia. 17(4): 199-203.
Ford, E.S., dan Giles, W.H. (2003). A Comparison of the Prevalence of the
Metabolic Syndrome Using Two Proposed Definitions. Diabetes Care.
26:575-281.
Ford, E.S., Giles, W.H., dan Dietz, W.H. (2002). Prevalensi of the Metabolic
Syndrome Among U.S Adults Findings from the Thrid National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 287: 356-359.
Fradgley, S. (2003). Drug Iinteractions, In Clinical Pharmacy (Clinical
Pharmacy) Towards a Rational Treatment and Patient Choice Award,
Editor: Mohamed Aslam, Chik Kaw Tan, Adji Prayitno. Jakarta: PT. Elex
Media Komputindo Scholastic Group. Halaman 119-134.
Fujii, H., Nakahama H., Yoshihara, F., Nakamura, S., Inenaga, T., dan Kawano,
Y. (2005). Life-Threatening Hyperkalemia During a Combined Therapy
With The Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Candesartan and Spironolactone.
Kobe J Med Sci 51: 1-6.
Good, J..M., Brady, A.J., Noormohamed, F.H., Oakley, C.M, dan Cleland, J.G.
(1994). Effect of Intense Angiotensin II Suppression on the Diuretic
Response to Furosemide During Chronic ACE inhibition. Circulation. 90:
220-224.
Granfinkel, D., Zur, G.S., dan Ben, J. (2007). The War Against Polypharmacy: A
New Cost- Effective Geriatric-Palliative Approach for Improving Drug
Therapy in Disabled Elderly People. IMA Journal. 9(1): 430
Hajjar, E.R., Cafiero, A.C., dan Hanlon, J.T. (2007). Polypharmacy in Elderly
Patients.The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy. 5(4): 345351
42
Hashem, G. (2005). Drug-Drug Intractions.Department of Pharmacology. Cairo.
Faculty of Medicine. Cairo University. Halaman 3, 46-47.
Ismayadi. (2004). Asuhan Keperawatan dengan Reumatik (Arthritis Treumatoid)
Pada Lansia . Medan. Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas
Sumatera Utara. Halaman 4-10
Joyce, L.K., dan Hayes, E.R. (1994). Farmakologi, Pendekatan Proses
Keperawatan. Jakarta: Buku Kedokteran EGC. Halaman 142-144.
Kane, R.L., Ouslander, J.G., Abrass, I.B., dan Resnick, B. (2008). Essentials of
Clinical Geriatrics, 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Kaplan, N.M. (1991). Amlodipine in the treatment of hypertension.Postgrad Med
J 67 Suppl 5 (1991): s15-19.
Katz, R.J., Levy, W.S, Buff, L., dan Wasserman A.G. (1991). Prevention of
nitrate tolerance with angiotension converting enzyme inhibitors.
Circulation. 83: 1271-1277.
Khaliq, Y., dan Zhanel, G.G. (2003). Fluoroquinolone-Associated Tendinopathy:
A Critical Review of the Literature. Clin Infect Dis. 36: 1404-1410
Klinkhardt, U., et.al. (2000). Ex vivo-in vitro interaction between aspirin,
clopidogrel, and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Clin Pharmacol Ther .
67: 305-313.
Lemeshow, S., Hosmer, D.W., Klar, J., dan Lwanga, S.K. (1997). Besar Sampel
Dalam Penelitian Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Halaman 46-55.
Mamun, K., Lien, C.T., Tan, G.C.E., dan Ang, W.S.T. (2004). Polypharmacy and
inappropriate Mediction Use in Singapore Nursing Homes. Annals
Academy of Medicine. 33 (1): 49-52.
Markowitz, J.S., Wells, B.G., dan Carson, W.H. (1995). Interactions between
antipsychotic and antihypertensive drugs. Ann Pharmacother . 29: 603-609
Maryam, R. Siti. (2008). Mengenal UsiaLanjut dan Perawatannya . Jakarta:
Salemba Medika. Halaman 45-75.
Martin, J. (2009). British National Formulary 58 . September 2009. London: BMJ
Group and RPS Publishing. Halaman 720.
Masjoer, M. (1998). Interaksi Obat Dalam Polifarmasi. Jurnal Kedokteran
Medika Media Indonesiana FK UNDIP . 33 (4):196.
43
Mega, G.U. (2013). Analisis Potensi Interaksi Obat Antidiabetik Oral pada
Pasien di Instalasi Rawat jalan Askes Rumah Sakit Dokter Soedarso
Pontianak Periode Januari-Maret 2013.Tesis. Program Pasca Sarjana
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjung Pura Pontianak. Hal 32
Merentek, E. (2006). Resistensi insulin pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Jurnal.
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. No 150. Hal:38-41
Mittal, S. (2008). The Metabolic Syndrome in Clinical Practice . Springer-Verlog
London. Halaman 15.
Nanang, M.Y., Herlina T.W., dan Endah. K.D. (2008). Kajian Interaksi Obat pada
Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kogestif di RSUP dr Sardjito Yogyakarta tahun
2005.Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 4(1); 15-22.
Pauli, M.C., Rekersbrink, S., Klotz, U., dan Fromm, M.F. (2001). Interaction of
omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein. Naunyn
Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 364: 551-557.
Pranarka, K. (2006). Penerapan geriatrik kedokteran menuju usia lanjut yang
sehat. Universa Medicine. 25 (4): 148-197.
Pranaka, K. (2011). Simposium Geriatric Syndromes, Semarang: Badan Penerbit
Universitas Diponegoro
Prasetya, R. (2011). Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotika Berdasarkan
Kontraindikasi, Efek Samping, dan Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Rawat Inap
Dengan Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Bawah di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih
Yogyakarta Periode Januari-Juni 2005. J Trop Pharm Chem. 1(2):96.
Rahmawati, F., Pramantara, D.P., Rohmah, W., dan Sulaiman, S.A. (2009).
Polypharmacy and Unnecessary Drug Therapy on Geriatric Hospitalized
Patients in Yogyakarta Hospitals, Indonesia. International Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.1(1): 6-11.
Rahmawati, F., Handayani, R., dan Gosal, V. (2006). Kajian Restropektif
Interaksi Obat di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Majalah Farmasi Indonesia. 17(4): 177-183.
Rodriguez, T.B., Dreher, J., dan Malevany, I. (2001). Serum levels and
cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients. Ther Drug Monit. 23: 435-440.
44
Roy V dan Varsha R. (2005). Pharmacist in Geriatric Care: A Challenging
Service. Health Administrator . XIV(1): 76-82.
Santi. P.S., Mahdi. J., dan Dini. P.S. (2008). Analisis Interaksi Obat Antidiabetik
Oral Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Di Rumah Sakit X Depok. Jurnal Farmasi
Indonesia . 4(1): 8-14
Sasaki, M., Maeda, A., dan Fujimura, A. (2001). Influence of diltiazem on the
pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in elderly hypertensive patients. Eur J Clin
Pharmacol. 57: 85-86
Setiati, S., Harimurtik., dan Roosheroe, A.G. (2006). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. Jilid III Edisi IV. Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan Ilmu Penyakit Dalam
Fakultas Kedokteran Indonesia. Hal :1335-1340
Sonali, S.B., Sandip, B., Bharateb., dan Amrita, N., Bajaj. (2010). Interactions and
Incompatibilities of Pharmaceutical Excipientswith Active Pharmaceutical
Ingredients: a comprehensive review. J. Excipients and Food Chem.1(3):
1-26
Stockley, I.H. (2008). Stockley’s Drug Interaction. Eight Edition. Great Britain:
Pharmaceutical Press.
Strom, B.L., dan Kimmel, S.E. (2006). Textbook of Pharmacoepidemiology.
London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Halaman 478.
Sudijanto. K.P dan Ratna. J. (2007). Dislipidemia pada Usia Lanjut di Kota
Padang. Makara Kesehatan. Jakarta Depok: Universitas Indonesia. Vol 6.
Halaman 55-57
Sun, J.X., Cipriano, A., Chan, K., dan John, V.A. (1994). Pharmacokinetic
interaction study between benazepril and amlodipine in healthy subjects.
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 47: 285-289
Taliaferro, P.M., dan Price, C.A. (2001). Aging Increases Risk for Medication
problems. Senior Series.127:1-3.
Tatro, D.S. (2001). Drug Interaction Facts, 5th Edition, St Louis Missouri: A wolters
Kluwer Company
Tonny. S. (2011). Studi Restropektif Interaksi Obat Pada Pasien Jankesmas di
RSUD Hasanuddin Damrah Manna Bengkulu Selatan. USU Institutional
Repository. Hal 6
45
Ummu. K. (2009). Obesitas pada anak-anak dan remaja. Available form http://
ummukautsar wordpress.com/2009/04/30/obesitas pada anak-anak. Tanggal
akses 10 May 2010
Widdy, B dan Aaltje, E.M. (2011). Prevalensi Sindroma Metabolik pada remaja di
kota Tomohon. Hal: 6-7
Wiernsperger, N., dan Rapin J.R. (1995).Metformin-insulin interactions: from
organ to cell.. Diabetes Metab Rev. Supp11: 3-12
Yenny dan Elly, H. (2006). Prevalensi penyakit kronis dan kualitas hidup pada
lanjut usia di Jakarta Selatan. Universa Medicina . 25(4): 164-169
Yusuf, S., Teo, K.K.. (2008). Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high
risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 358: 1547-1559
46