Tugas Praktikum Sistem Operasi Ubuntu

FAKULTAS TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNIVERSITAS DARUL ULUM JOMBANG

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM SISTEM OPERASI

Percobaan 1 : Melihat identitas diri (nomor id dan group id)

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ id uid=1000(anistofa) gid=1000(anistofa)

groups=1000(anistofa),4(adm),20(dialout),24(cdrom),46(plugdev),111(lpadmin),119(admin),122(sa mbashare)

Per o aa 2 : Me gga ti pro pt de ga $

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ PSI="$" anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 3 : Melihat tanggal dan kalender dari sistem

1. anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ date Sun Mar 9 12:11:09 WIT 2014 2.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ cal 9 2002

September 2002 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

3.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ cal -y

January February March Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

April May June Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

July August September Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

31 October November December Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

30 anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 4 : Melihat identitas mesin

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ hostname anistofa-VirtualBox anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ uname Linux

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ uname -a Linux anistofa-VirtualBox 2.6.35-22-generic #33-Ubuntu SMP Sun Sep 19 20:34:50 UTC 2010 i686

GNU/Linux anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 5 : Melihat siapa yang sedang aktif

1.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ w 12:16:41 up 46 min, 2 users, load average: 0.89, 0.88, 0.88 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT anistofa tty7 :0 11:30 46:22 1:24 0.18s gnome-session anistofa pts/0 :0.0 11:56 0.00s 0.24s 0.00s w anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ who anistofa tty7 2014-03-09 11:30 (:0) anistofa pts/0 2014-03-09 11:56 (:0.0) anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ whoami 1.anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ w 12:16:41 up 46 min, 2 users, load average: 0.89, 0.88, 0.88 USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT anistofa tty7 :0 11:30 46:22 1:24 0.18s gnome-session anistofa pts/0 :0.0 11:56 0.00s 0.24s 0.00s w anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ who anistofa tty7 2014-03-09 11:30 (:0) anistofa pts/0 2014-03-09 11:56 (:0.0) anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ whoami

Full Name: AnisTofa Room Number []: name Work Phone []: 08886821618 Home Phone []: Bojonegoro

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ finger The program 'finger' can be found in the following packages:

* finger * finger-ldap

Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package> anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ finger anistofa The program 'finger' can be found in the following packages:

* finger * finger-ldap

Try: sudo apt-get install <selected package> anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 6 : Menggunakan manual LS(1) User Commands LS(1)

NAME ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

-a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..

--author with -l, print the author of each file Manual page ls(1) line 1

MAN(1) Manual pager utils MAN(1)

NAME man - an interface to the on-line reference manuals

SYNOPSIS

man [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L locale] [-m system[,...]] [-M path] [-S list] [-e extension] [-i|-I] [--regex|--wildcard] [--names-only] [-a] [-u] [--no-subpages] [-P man [-C file] [-d] [-D] [--warnings[=warnings]] [-R encoding] [-L locale] [-m system[,...]] [-M path] [-S list] [-e extension] [-i|-I] [--regex|--wildcard] [--names-only] [-a] [-u] [--no-subpages] [-P

DESCRIPTION Manual page man(1) line 1 anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ man -k file getpwent_r (3) - get passwd file entry reentrantly getpwnam (3) - get password file entry getpwnam_r (3) - get password file entry getpwuid (3) - get password file entry getpwuid_r (3) - get password file entry getspent (3) - get shadow password file entry getspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry getspnam (3) - get shadow password file entry getspnam_r (3) - get shadow password file entry getttyent (3) - get ttys file entry getttynam (3) - get ttys file entry getumask (3) - get file creation mask getutent (3) - access utmp file entries getutent_r (3) - access utmp file entries

getutid (3) - access utmp file entries getutid_r (3) - access utmp file entries getutline (3) - access utmp file entries getutline_r (3) - access utmp file entries getutxent (3) - access utmp file entries getutxid (3) - access utmp file entries getutxline (3) - access utmp file entries getwc (3) - read a wide character from a FILE stream Glib::BookmarkFile (3pm) - Parser for bookmark files Glib::KeyFile (3pm) - Parser for .ini-like files Glib::MakeHelper (3pm) - Makefile.PL utilities for Glib-based extensions Glib::ParseXSDoc (3pm) - Parse POD and XSub declarations from XS files. gnome-desktop-item-edit (1) - tool to edit .desktop file gnome-open (1) - Open files and URLs using the GNOME file handlers gnome-screenshot (1) - capture the screen, a window, or an user-defined area ... Gnome2::FileEntry (3pm) - wrapper for GnomeFileEntry Gnome2::VFS::Async (3pm) - handles asynchronous file operations Gnome2::VFS::Async::Handle (3pm) - handles asynchronous file operations Gnome2::VFS::FileInfo (3pm) - stores information about files, like stat Gnome2::VFS::Handle (3pm) - basic file operations Gnome2::VFS::main (3pm) - Filesystem Abstraction library Gnome2::VFS::Volume (3pm) - Abstraction for a mounted file system or a networ... gpg-zip (1) - encrypt or sign files into an archive gprof (1) - display call graph profile data group (5) - user group file group.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_group module grpck (8) - verify integrity of group files grub-bin2h (1) - convert a binary file to a C header grub-mkconfig (8) - generate a GRUB configuration file grub-mkdevicemap (8) - generate a GRUB device map file automatically

grub-mkfont (1) - make GRUB font files gshadow (5) - shadowed group file gst-typefind-0.10 (1) - print MIME type of file gunzip (1) - compress or expand files gzexe (1) - compress executable files in place gzip (1) - compress or expand files h2ph (1) - convert .h C header files to .ph Perl header files h2xs (1) - convert .h C header files to Perl extensions hasmntopt (3) - get file system descriptor file entry hdparm.conf (5) - Debian configuration file for hdparm head (1) - output the first part of files helpztags (1) - generate the help tags file for directory hier (7) - Description of the file system hierarchy host.conf (5) - resolver configuration file hosts.allow (5) - format of host access control files hosts.deny (5) - format of host access control files hosts_access (5) - format of host access control files HTTP::Cookies::Microsoft (3pm) - access to Microsoft cookies files HTTP::Cookies::Netscape (3pm) - access to Netscape cookies files iceauth (1) - ICE authority file utility iconv (1) - Convert encoding of given files from one encoding to a... iconvconfig (8) - Create fastloading iconv module configuration file initramfs.conf (5) - configuration file for mkinitramfs inotify (7) - monitoring file system events install (1) - copy files and set attributes intel_bios_dumper (1) - Saves the Intel video BIOS contents to a file. intro (4) - Introduction to special files intro (5) - Introduction to file formats isatty (3) - test whether a file descriptor refers to a terminal isosize (8) - outputs the length of an iso9660 file system

ispell-autobuildhash (8) - Autobuilding the ispell hash file for some dicts issue (5) - prelogin message and identification file jfs_debugfs (8) - shell-type JFS file system editor jfs_fscklog (8) - extract a JFS fsck service log into a file and/or form... jfs_tune (8) - adjust tunable file system parameters on JFS join (1) - join lines of two files on a common field lchown (2) - change ownership of a file lchown32 (2) - change ownership of a file lckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry ldap.conf (5) - LDAP configuration file/environment variables lessfile (1) - "input preprocessor" for less. lftp (1) - Sophisticated file transfer program lftpget (1) - get a file with lftp(1) limits.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_limits module link (1) - call the link function to create a link to a file link (2) - make a new name for a file linkat (2) - create a file link relative to directory file descriptors llseek (2) - reposition read/write file offset lmhosts (5) - The Samba NetBIOS hosts file ln (1) - make links between files local-filesystems (7) - event signalling that local filesystems have been mou... locale (5) - Describes a locale definition file locale-gen (8) - compile a list of locale definition files localedef (1) - compile locale definition files locate (1) - find files by name lockf (3) - apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file lockfile-check (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... lockfile-create (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... lockfile-progs (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... lockfile-remove (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...

lockfile-touch (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... logprof (8) - utility program for managing AppArmor security profiles logprof.conf (5) - configuration file for expert options that modify the ... logsave (8) - save the output of a command in a logfile logwtmp (3) - append an entry to the wtmp file lorder (1) - list dependencies for object files lp (1) - print files lpr (1) - print files lsattr (1) - list file attributes on a Linux second extended file s... lseek (2) - reposition read/write file offset lseek64 (3) - reposition 64-bit read/write file offset lsof (8) - list open files lstat (2) - get file status lstat64 (2) - get file status lutimes (3) - change file timestamps lwp-download (1p) - Fetch large files from the web LWP::MediaTypes (3pm) - guess media type for a file or a URL lzmainfo (1) - show infomation stored in the .lzma file header magic (5) - file command's magic pattern file mail-lock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... mail-touchlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... mail-unlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... Mail::Cap (3pm) - Parse mailcap files mailcap (5) - metamail capabilities file mailto.conf (5) - configuration file for cups email notifier manpath (5) - format of the /etc/manpath.config file mattrib (1) - change MSDOS file attribute flags mcheck (1) - verify all files on an MS-DOS formatted disk mcomp (1) - Compares two files using mtools mcopy (1) - copy MSDOS files to/from Unix

mdel (1) - delete an MSDOS file mformat (1) - add an MSDOS filesystem to a low-level formatted flopp... mib2c.conf (5snmp) - How to write mib2c.conf files to do ANYTHING based on ... mime.convs (5) - mime type conversion file for cups mime.types (5) - mime type description file for cups minfo (1) - print the parameters of a MSDOS filesystem mk_modmap (8) - translate a Linux keytable file into an xmodmap file mkdirat (2) - create a directory relative to a directory file descri... mkdosfs (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux mke2fs (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mke2fs.conf (5) - Configuration file for mke2fs mkfifo (3) - make a FIFO special file (a named pipe) mkfifoat (3) - make a FIFO (named pipe) relative to a directory file ... mkfontdir (1) - create an index of X font files in a directory mkfontscale (1) - create an index of scalable font files for X mkfs (8) - build a Linux file system mkfs.bfs (8) - make an SCO bfs filesystem mkfs.btrfs (8) - create an btrfs filesystem mkfs.ext2 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.ext3 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.ext4 (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.ext4dev (8) - create an ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystem mkfs.minix (8) - make a Linux MINIX filesystem mkfs.msdos (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux mkfs.ntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system mkfs.reiserfs (8) - The create tool for the Linux ReiserFS filesystem. mkfs.vfat (8) - create an MS-DOS file system under Linux mkfs.xfs (8) - construct an XFS filesystem mklost+found (8) - create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux secon... mkmanifest (1) - makes list of file names and their DOS 8+3 equivalent

mknod (1) - make block or character special files mknod (2) - create a special or ordinary file mknodat (2) - create a special or ordinary file relative to a direct... mkntfs (8) - create an NTFS file system mkostemp (3) - create a unique temporary file mkreiserfs (8) - The create tool for the Linux ReiserFS filesystem. mkstemp (3) - create a unique temporary file mktemp (1) - create a temporary file or directory mktemp (3) - make a unique temporary filename mkzftree (1) - Create a zisofs/RockRidge compressed file tree mlocate (1) - find files by name mmap (2) - map or unmap files or devices into memory mmap2 (2) - map files or devices into memory mmap64 (3) - map files or devices into memory mmove (1) - move or rename an MSDOS file or subdirectory modprobe.conf (5) - Configuration directory/file for modprobe modprobe.d (5) - Configuration directory/file for modprobe mono-config (5) - Mono runtime file format configuration more (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing mount (2) - mount file system mount (8) - mount a filesystem mountall (8) - Mount filesystems during boot mounted (7) - event signalling that a filesystem has been mounted mounting (7) - event signalling that a filesystem is mounting mren (1) - rename an existing MSDOS file mshowfat (1) - shows FAT clusters allocated to file msync (2) - synchronize a file with a memory map mtools (5) - mtools configuration files mtools.conf (5) - mtools configuration files mtree (5) - format of mtree dir hierarchy files

mtype (1) - display contents of an MSDOS file munmap (2) - map or unmap files or devices into memory mv (1) - move (rename) files namespace.conf (5) - the namespace configuration file nanorc (5) - GNU nano's rcfile nautilus (1) - the GNOME File Manager nautilus-file-management-properties (1) - File Management Preferences nautilus-sendto (1) - convenience application to send a file via email or in... netkit-ftp (1) - Internet file transfer program NetworkManager.conf (5) - NetworkManager configuration file nftw (3) - file tree walk nl (1) - number lines of files nm (1) - list symbols from object files nm-system-settings.conf (5) - Deprecated NetworkManager configuration file nsswitch.conf (5) - System Databases and Name Service Switch configuration... ntfs-3g.usermap (8) - NTFS Building a User Mapping File ntfscat (8) - print NTFS files and streams on the standard output ntfscluster (8) - identify files in a specified region of an NTFS volume. ntfscmp (8) - compare two NTFS filesystems and tell the differences ntfscp (8) - copy file to an NTFS volume. ntfsinfo (8) - dump a file's attributes ntfslabel (8) - display/change the label on an ntfs file system ntfsls (8) - list directory contents on an NTFS filesystem ntfsresize (8) - resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss ntfsundelete (8) - recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume. objcopy (1) - copy and translate object files objdump (1) - display information from object files. od (1) - dump files in octal and other formats oldfind (1) - search for files in a directory hierarchy oldfstat (2) - get file status

oldlstat (2) - get file status oldstat (2) - get file status open (2) - open and possibly create a file or device openat (2) - open a file relative to a directory file descriptor pam-auth-update (8) - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles pam.conf (5) - PAM configuration files pam.d (5) - PAM configuration files pam_env.conf (5) - the environment variables config file pam_issue (8) - PAM module to add issue file to user prompt pam_listfile (8) - deny or allow services based on an arbitrary file pam_motd (8) - Display the motd file pam_umask (8) - PAM module to set the file mode creation mask paplay (1) - Play back audio files on a PulseAudio sound server passwd (5) - the password file paste (1) - merge lines of files path_resolution (2) - how a pathname is resolved to a file path_resolution (7) - how a pathname is resolved to a file pathchk (1) - check whether file names are valid or portable pathconf (3) - get configuration values for files pdftohtml (1) - program to convert pdf files into html, xml and png im... peekfd (1) - peek at file descriptors of running processes pf2afm (1) - Make an AFM file from Postscript (PFB/PFA/PFM) font fi... pftp (1) - Internet file transfer program pg (1) - browse pagewise through text files pivot_root (2) - change the root file system pivot_root (8) - change the root file system pkcs12 (1ssl) - PKCS#12 file utility pl2pm (1) - Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm m... pod2html (1) - convert .pod files to .html files pod2usage (1) - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files

podchecker (1) - check the syntax of POD format documentation files poll (2) - wait for some event on a file descriptor posix_fadvise (2) - predeclare an access pattern for file data posix_fallocate (3) - allocate file space ppoll (2) - wait for some event on a file descriptor pppdump (8) - convert PPP record file to readable format pr (1) - convert text files for printing pread (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset pread64 (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset preconv (1) - convert encoding of input files to something GNU troff... prename (1) - renames multiple files print (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file printer-profile (1) - Profile using X-Rite ColorMunki and Argyll CMS printers.conf (5) - printer configuration file for cups proc (5) - process information pseudo-file system profil (3) - execution time profile projid (5) - the project name mapping file protoc (1) - compile protocol buffer description files protocols (5) - the protocols definition file ptx (1) - produce a permuted index of file contents pulse-client.conf (5) - PulseAudio client configuration file pulse-daemon.conf (5) - PulseAudio daemon configuration file putgrent (3) - write a group database entry to a file putpwent (3) - write a password file entry putspent (3) - get shadow password file entry pututline (3) - access utmp file entries pututxline (3) - access utmp file entries putwc (3) - write a wide character to a FILE stream pwck (8) - verify integrity of password files pwrite (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset

pwrite64 (2) - read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset py_compilefiles (1) - byte-compile python .py files pyclean (1) - removes .pyc and .pyo files pycompile (1) - byte compiles Python source files rcp (1) - secure copy (remote file copy program) read (2) - read from a file descriptor readahead (2) - perform file readahead into page cache readelf (1) - Displays information about ELF files. readlink (1) - print value of a symbolic link or canonical file name readlinkat (2) - read value of a symbolic link relative to a directory ... readprofile (1) - a tool to read kernel profiling information regdbdump (8) - parse and print out regulatory rules file reiserfsck (8) - The checking tool for the ReiserFS filesystem. reiserfstune (8) - The tunning tool for the ReiserFS filesystem. remap_file_pages (2) - create a nonlinear file mapping remote-filesystems (7) - event signalling that remote filesystems have been m... remove (3) - remove a file or directory rename (1) - renames multiple files rename (2) - change the name or location of a file rename.ul (1) - Rename files renameat (2) - rename a file relative to directory file descriptors request-key.conf (5) - Instantiation handler configuration file resize2fs (8) - ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer resize_reiserfs (8) - resizer tool for the ReiserFS filesystem resolv.conf (5) - resolver configuration file resolver (5) - resolver configuration file rev (1) - reverse lines of a file or files rhythmbox (1) - music player and library for tagged files using GStreamer rm (1) - remove files or directories rsync (1) - a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool

rsyncd.conf (5) - configuration file for rsync in daemon mode rsyslog.conf (5) - rsyslogd(8) configuration file run-mailcap (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file samba (7) - A Windows SMB/CIFS fileserver for UNIX sane-find-scanner (1) - find SCSI and USB scanners and their device files savelog (8) - save a log file scp (1) - secure copy (remote file copy program) sdiff (1) - side-by-side merge of file differences securetty (5) - file which lists ttys from which root can log in see (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file sendfile (2) - transfer data between file descriptors sendfile64 (2) - transfer data between file descriptors sensors.conf (5) - libsensors configuration file sepermit.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_sepermit module setfsgid (2) - set group identity used for file system checks setfsgid32 (2) - set group identity used for file system checks setfsuid (2) - set user identity used for file system checks setfsuid32 (2) - set user identity used for file system checks setgrent (3) - get group file entry setmntent (3) - get file system descriptor file entry setpwent (3) - get password file entry setspent (3) - get shadow password file entry setttyent (3) - get ttys file entry setup (2) - setup devices and file systems, mount root file system setutent (3) - access utmp file entries setutxent (3) - access utmp file entries sftp (1) - secure file transfer program sgetspent (3) - get shadow password file entry sgetspent_r (3) - get shadow password file entry shadow (5) - shadowed password file

shred (1) - overwrite a file to hide its contents, and optionally ... signalfd (2) - create a file descriptor for accepting signals signalfd4 (2) - create a file descriptor for accepting signals smb.conf (5) - The configuration file for the Samba suite smbcacls (1) - Set or get ACLs on an NT file or directory names smbget (1) - wget-like utility for download files over SMB smbgetrc (5) - configuration file for smbget smbpasswd (5) - The Samba encrypted password file smbspool (8) - send a print file to an SMB printer snmp.conf (5snmp) - configuration files for the Net-SNMP applications snmp_config (5snmp) - handling of Net-SNMP configuration files sort (1) - sort lines of text files split (1) - split a file into pieces spufs (7) - the SPU file system ssh_config (5) - OpenSSH SSH client configuration files stat (1) - display file or file system status stat (2) - get file status stat64 (2) - get file status statfs (2) - get file system statistics statfs64 (2) - get file system statistics statvfs (2) - get file system statistics stdio_ext (3) - interfaces to stdio FILE structure strings (1) - print the strings of printable characters in files. strip (1) - Discard symbols from object files. subdomain.conf (5) - configuration file for fine-tuning the behavior of the... subscriptions.conf (5) - subscriptions file for cups suffixes (7) - list of file suffixes sum (1) - checksum and count the blocks in a file swapoff (2) - start/stop swapping to file/device swapoff (8) - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping

swapon (2) - start/stop swapping to file/device swapon (8) - enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping switch_root (8) - switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount ... symlink (2) - make a new name for a file symlinkat (2) - create a symbolic link relative to a directory file de... sync (1) - flush file system buffers sync_file_range (2) - sync a file segment with disk sysctl.conf (5) - sysctl(8) preload/configuration file sysfs (2) - get file system type information syslinux (1) - install the SYSLINUX bootloader on a FAT filesystem tac (1) - concatenate and print files in reverse tail (1) - output the last part of files tailf (1) - follow the growth of a log file tap2deb (1) - create Debian packages which wrap .tap files tap2rpm (1) - create RPM packages which wrap .tap files tar (5) - format of tape archive files tee (1) - read from standard input and write to standard output ... tempfile (1) - create a temporary file in a safe manner tempnam (3) - create a name for a temporary file term (5) - format of compiled term file. test (1) - check file types and compare values testparm (1) - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal corr... testparm.samba3 (1) - check an smb.conf configuration file for internal corr... time.conf (5) - configuration file for the pam_time module timerfd_create (2) - timers that notify via file descriptors timerfd_gettime (2) - timers that notify via file descriptors timerfd_settime (2) - timers that notify via file descriptors tmpfile (3) - create a temporary file tmpnam (3) - create a name for a temporary file tmpnam_r (3) - create a name for a temporary file

touch (1) - change file timestamps truncate (1) - shrink or extend the size of a file to the specified size truncate (2) - truncate a file to a specified length truncate64 (2) - truncate a file to a specified length tty (1) - print the file name of the terminal connected to stand... ttyslot (3) - find the slot of the current user's terminal in some file tune2fs (8) - adjust tunable filesystem parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4... tzfile (5) - time zone information ubuntu-bug (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ... ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co... ucf.conf (5) - site-wide configuration file for ucf ucfr (1) - Update Configuration File Registry: associate packages... ulckpwdf (3) - get shadow password file entry umask (2) - set file mode creation mask umount (2) - unmount file system umount (8) - unmount file systems umount2 (2) - unmount file system uncompress (1) - compress or expand files unconfined (8) - output a list of processes with tcp or udp ports that ... ungetwc (3) - push back a wide character onto a FILE stream unlink (1) - call the unlink function to remove the specified file unlink (2) - delete a name and possibly the file it refers to unlinkat (2) - remove a directory entry relative to a directory file ... unxz (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files unzip (1) - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive update-catalog (8) - create or update entry in SGML catalog file update-fonts-alias (8) - compile fonts.alias files update-fonts-dir (8) - compile fonts.dir files update-fonts-scale (8) - generate fonts.scale files update-info-dir (8) - (re-)create /usr/share/info/dir from all installed inf...

update-initramfs.conf (5) - configuration file for update-initramfs update-pangox-aliases (8) - Update wrapper script for the Pango X aliases file. update-xmlcatalog (8) - maintain XML catalog files updatedb.conf (5) - a configuration file for updatedb(8) updwtmp (3) - append an entry to the wtmp file updwtmpx (3) - append an entry to the wtmp file ureadahead (8) - Read files in advance during boot URI::file (3pm) - URI that maps to local file names userdel (8) - delete a user account and related files ustat (2) - get file system statistics utime (2) - change file last access and modification times utimensat (2) - change file timestamps with nanosecond precision utimes (2) - change file last access and modification times utmpname (3) - access utmp file entries utmpxname (3) - access utmp file entries vdprintf (3) - print to a file descriptor vigr (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr... vimdiff (1) - edit two, three or four versions of a file with Vim an... vipw (8) - edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-gr... virtual-filesystems (7) - event signalling that virtual filesystems have been... visudo (8) - edit the sudoers file vstp (1) - VisioBraille file transferring wc (1) - print newline, word, and byte counts for each file whereis (1) - locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a... wipefs (8) - wipe a filesystem signature from a device wpa_supplicant.conf (5) - configuration file for wpa_supplicant write (2) - write to a file descriptor WWW::RobotRules::AnyDBM_File (3pm) - Persistent RobotRules xauth (1) - X authority file utility xcursorgen (1) - create an X cursor file from a collection of PNG images

xdg-mime (1) - command line tool for querying information about file ... xdg-open (1) - opens a file or URL in the users preferred application xfs (5) - layout of the XFS filesystem xfs_admin (8) - change parameters of an XFS filesystem xfs_bmap (8) - print block mapping for an XFS file xfs_check (8) - check XFS filesystem consistency xfs_copy (8) - copy the contents of an XFS filesystem xfs_db (8) - debug an XFS filesystem xfs_estimate (8) - estimate the space that an XFS filesystem will take xfs_freeze (8) - suspend access to an XFS filesystem xfs_fsr (8) - filesystem reorganizer for XFS xfs_growfs (8) - expand an XFS filesystem xfs_info (8) - expand an XFS filesystem xfs_io (8) - debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem xfs_logprint (8) - print the log of an XFS filesystem xfs_mdrestore (8) - restores an XFS metadump image to a filesystem image xfs_metadump (8) - copy XFS filesystem metadata to a file xfs_mkfile (8) - create an XFS file xfs_quota (8) - manage use of quota on XFS filesystems xfs_repair (8) - repair an XFS filesystem xml2po (1) - program to create a PO-template file from a DocBook XM... xmlcatalog (1) - Command line tool to parse and manipulate XML or SGML ... xscreensaver-getimage-file (1) - put a randomly-selected image on the root wi... xz (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files xzcat (1) - Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files xzcmp (1) - compare compressed files xzdiff (1) - compare compressed files xzegrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression xzfgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression xzgrep (1) - search compressed files for a regular expression

xzless (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files xzmore (1) - view xz or lzma compressed (text) files zcat (1) - compress or expand files zcmp (1) - compare compressed files zdiff (1) - compare compressed files zegrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zfgrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zforce (1) - force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files zgrep (1) - search possibly compressed files for a regular expression zip (1) - package and compress (archive) files zipcloak (1) - encrypt entries in a zipfile zipgrep (1) - search files in a ZIP archive for lines matching a pat... zipnote (1) - write the comments in zipfile to stdout, edit comments... zipsplit (1) - split a zipfile into smaller zipfiles zless (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text zmore (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text znew (1) - recompress .Z files to .gz files anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ man PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)

NAME passwd - the password file

DESCRIPTION /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields deli ited y olo s : . These fields are:

· login name

· optional encrypted password

· numerical user ID

· numerical group ID

· user name or comment field

· user home directory

· optional user command interpreter

Manual page passwd(5) line 1 anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ PASSWD(5) File Formats and Conversions PASSWD(5)

NAME passwd - the password file

DESCRIPTION /etc/passwd contains one line for each user account, with seven fields

deli ited y olo s : . These fields are:

· login name

· optional encrypted password

· numerical user ID

· numerical group ID

· user name or comment field

· user home directory

· optional user command interpreter

Manual page passwd(5) line 1

Percobaan 7 : Menghapus layar

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ clear

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 8 : Mencari perintah yang deskripsinya mengandung kata kunci yang dicari.

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos date updatedb.conf (5) - a configuration file for updatedb(8) aa-update-browser (8) - update browser profiles with browser abstractions apport-bug (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ... apport-collect (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ... asctime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII asctime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII byobu-reconnect-sockets (1) - Sourcable script that updates GPG_AGENT_INFO an... cal (1) - displays a calendar and the date of Easter catman (8) - create or update the pre-formatted manual pages chgpasswd (8) - update group passwords in batch mode chpasswd (8) - update passwords in batch mode ctime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII ctime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII cups-genppdupdate (8) - update CUPS+Gutenprint PPD files

date (1) - print or set the system date and time Date::Format (3pm) - Date formating subroutines Date::Language (3pm) - Language specific date formating and parsing Date::Language::Hungarian (3pm) - Magyar format for Date::Format Date::Parse (3pm) - Parse date strings into time values ddate (1) - converts Gregorian dates to Discordian dates desktop-file-validate (1) - validate a .desktop file elfedit (1) - Update the ELF header of ELF files. feupdateenv (3) - floating-point rounding and exception handling ftime (3) - return date and time getdate (3) - convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time getdate_err (3) - convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time getdate_r (3) - convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time ginstall-info (1) - update info/dir entries Glib::ParamSpec (3pm) - Wrapper to encapsulate metadate needed to specify par... gmtime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII gmtime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII Gnome2::DateEdit (3pm) - wrapper for GnomeDateEdit gtk-update-icon-cache (1) - Icon theme caching utility hp-timedate (1) - Time/Date Utility HTTP::Date (3pm) - date conversion routines ip6tables-apply (8) - a safer way to update iptables remotely iptables-apply (8) - a safer way to update iptables remotely localtime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII localtime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII Mail::Field::Date (3pm) - a date header field mandb (8) - create or update the manual page index caches mktime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII ncal (1) - displays a calendar and the date of Easter newusers (8) - update and create new users in batch

nsupdate (1) - Dynamic DNS update utility ntpdate (8) - set the date and time via NTP ntpdate-debian (8) - set the date and time via NTP pam-auth-update (8) - manage PAM configuration using packaged profiles pam_lastlog (8) - PAM module to display date of last login strftime (3) - format date and time ubuntu-bug (1) - file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing ... ucf (1) - Update Configuration File: preserve user changes in co... ucfr (1) - Update Configuration File Registry: associate packages... unix_update (8) - Helper binary that updates the password of a given user update-alternatives (8) - maintain symbolic links determining default commands update-apt-xapian-index (8) - rebuild the Apt Xapian Index update-binfmts (8) - maintain registry of executable binary formats update-ca-certificates (8) - update /etc/ssl/certs and certificates.crt update-catalog (8) - create or update entry in SGML catalog file update-default-aspell (8) - rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff update-default-ispell (8) - update default ispell dictionary update-default-wordlist (8) - update default wordlist update-dictcommon-aspell (8) - rebuild aspell database and emacsen stuff update-dictcommon-hunspell (8) - rebuild hunspell database and emacsen stuff update-fonts-alias (8) - compile fonts.alias files update-fonts-dir (8) - compile fonts.dir files update-fonts-scale (8) - generate fonts.scale files update-gconf-defaults (8) - generate GConf defaults shipped in Debian packages update-grub (8) - stub for grub-mkconfig update-grub2 (8) - stub for update-grub update-icon-caches (8) - Update wrapper script for the icon caches update-inetd (8) - create, remove, enable or disable entry in /etc/inetd.... update-info-dir (8) - (re-)create /usr/share/info/dir from all installed inf... update-initramfs (8) - generate an initramfs image

update-initramfs.conf (5) - configuration file for update-initramfs update-manager (8) - graphical management of software packages updates update-mime (8) - create or update MIME information update-mime-database (1) - a program to build the Shared MIME-Info database c... update-motd (5) - dynamic MOTD generation update-openoffice-dicts (8) - rebuild dictionary.lst for OpenOffice.org update-pangox-aliases (8) - Update wrapper script for the Pango X aliases file. update-passwd (8) - safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group update-pciids (8) - download new version of the PCI ID list update-python-modules (8) - byte-compile python modules update-rc.d (8) - install and remove System-V style init script links update-rc.d-insserv (8) - obsolete update-software-center (8) - Update the database for software-center update-usbids (8) - download new version of the USB ID list update-xmlcatalog (8) - maintain XML catalog files updatedb (8) - update a database for mlocate useradd (8) - create a new user or update default new user information anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos mail anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos mail mailcap.order (5) - the mailcap ordering specifications bogolexer (1) - Utility program for separating email messages into tokens bogolexer-bdb (1) - Utility program for separating email messages into tokens bsd-from (1) - print names of those who have sent mail compose (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file edit (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file evolution (1) - groupware suite for GNOME containing e-mail, calendar,... from (1) - print names of those who have sent mail lockfile-check (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... lockfile-create (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... lockfile-progs (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ...

lockfile-remove (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... lockfile-touch (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... logrotate (8) - rotates, compresses, and mails system logs mail-lock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... mail-touchlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... mail-unlock (1) - command-line programs to safely lock and unlock files ... Mail::Address (3pm) - Parse mail addresses Mail::Cap (3pm) - Parse mailcap files Mail::Field (3pm) - Base class for manipulation of mail header fields Mail::Field::AddrList (3pm) - object representation of e-mail address lists Mail::Field::Date (3pm) - a date header field Mail::Field::Generic (3pm) - implementation for inspecific fields Mail::Filter (3pm) - Filter mail through multiple subroutines Mail::Header (3pm) - manipulate MIME headers Mail::Internet (3pm) - manipulate email messages Mail::Mailer (3pm) - Simple interface to electronic mailing mechanisms Mail::Send (3pm) - Simple electronic mail interface Mail::Util (3pm) - mail utility functions mailaddr (7) - mail addressing description mailcap (5) - metamail capabilities file mailname (5) - the visible mail name of the system mailto.conf (5) - configuration file for cups email notifier nautilus-sendto (1) - convenience application to send a file via email or in... pam_mail (8) - Inform about available mail print (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file run-mailcap (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file see (1) - execute programs via entries in the mailcap file xbiff (1) - mailbox flag for X xdg-email (1) - command line tool for sending mail using the users pre...

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ aprospos telnet anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ apropos telnet telnet (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol telnet.netkit (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 9 : Mencari perintah yang tepat sama dengan kunci yang dicari.

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ whatis date date (1) - print or set the system date and time anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

Percobaan 10 : Manipulasi berkas (file) dan direktori

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos Documents examples.desktop Pictures Templates anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l total 36 drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 3 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:13 Documents drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Downloads -rw-r--r-- 1 anistofa anistofa 179 2014-03-09 10:55 examples.desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Pictures drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Public drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Videos anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$

anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls

Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos Documents examples.desktop Pictures Templates anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l total 36 drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 3 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:13 Documents drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Downloads -rw-r--r-- 1 anistofa anistofa 179 2014-03-09 10:55 examples.desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Pictures drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Public drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 anistofa anistofa 4096 2014-03-09 11:06 Videos anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -a . Documents .gtk-bookmarks Public .. Downloads .gvfs .pulse .bash_history .esd_auth .ICEauthority .pulse-cookie .bash_logout examples.desktop .local .recently-used.xbel .bashrc .fontconfig Music Templates .cache .gconf .nautilus .thumbnails .config .gconfd .openoffice.org Videos .dbus .gnome2 Pictures .xsession-errors Desktop .gstreamer-0.10 .profile .xsession-errors.old anistofa@anistofa-VirtualBox:~$ ls -f .bash_history . .pulse .local Public .thumbnails .fontconfig .gvfs Videos .gstreamer-0.10 .nautilus Downloads Templates .openoffice.org .. Music .gnome2 .gconf examples.desktop .cache .gconfd .profile Desktop .pulse-cookie