Fighting Through Community Participation Based on Vegetative Conservation Approach of Wonogiri Reservoir Sedimentation in Sub - Watershed of Keduang.

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Fighting Through Com

Conservation Approach

Sub

Maridi*,Sutarno**,Sh *Biology Education Department, Univ Science, University of Sebelas Maret In Indonesia

* E-mail for th

Abstract

Humans are the main trigger factors cau system that is not based on the principle the environment in the region surrou deposited in the water body. The conseq to reduce the level of sedimentation, a matter was conducted in Sub Watershed the rain catchment area of Wonogiri r reservoir. This study focused on vegeta five capitals in relation to watershed (community resources), financial capit vegetative capital and government ince The General purpose of this study was to a motivating factor that may affected t conservation for controlling sedimentat study were as follows: (a) to find the am community, (b) to find a major role in th capital for conservation, (d) to find the (e) to find major role for the conservatio and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed c The method used was survey method wi five villages, they are Gemawang Vil Pingkuk Village (Jatiroto SubDistrict (Sidoharjo SubDistrict). Data collectio Discussion. Data analysis was done Autocorrelation Test: heteroscedasticity determination analysis, in order to det variables and the government's decisio capitals and government incentives a prevention of sedimentation in the sub having support to the economic value

Keywords: community participation, reduction of sedimentation, Keduang S 1. Introduction

Water is one of the main components t related concerned. Because of its func well. According to Aldaya et al (2009 organisms and all parties concerned, na volume of water use in the production used for production and a great comm namely: blue water foot print, which c ground water and surface water; green w water foot print the rest of water that h The orientation of the discussion stored in the soil. For this purpose, the

rough Community Participation Based o

on Approach of Wonogiri Reservoir Sedimen

Sub - Watershed of Keduang

Sutarno**,Shalihuddin Djalal Tandjung***,Ari Handono Ramelan rtment, University of Sebelas Maret Indonesia; **Faculty of Math elas Maret Indonesia; ***Environmental Science Program, Univer

mail for the corresponding author: [email protected]

er factors causes of sedimentation. It’s happened because of the far the principles of sustainable development. These human activities n surrounding reservoir (hinterland), further more causing The consequence of this circumstance, the capacity of reservoir is imentation, a proper conservation has to be done. The research co ub Watershed (Sub-catchment) Keduang which is constitute one of f Wonogiri reservoir which is contributed the largest amount sed sed on vegetative conservation approaches and community involv to watershed conservation, namely: social capital (public pow nancial capital (the physical condition of the land) and natural cap ernment incentives.

s study was to find a relationship between the five capitals and gove ay affected to the public (farmers who live in the catchment area g sedimentation rate in the areas surrounding reservoir. The speci

find the amount of community participation in conservation, esp ajor role in the conservation of human resources, (c) to find the role

find the magnitude of the role of the physical conditions in con e conservation of natural resources, (f) to find the magnitude of the b watershed conservation.

ey method with a sample of 300 respondents was taken by using a pu mawang Village (Ngadirojo SubDistrict); Sambirejo Village (Jat SubDistrict); Sukoboyo Village (Slogohimo SubDistrict), and ata collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire was done by using the validity test: reliability Test, Mu roscedasticity Test; hypothesis testing performed by T test and F te order to determine the amount of capital contribution of the inf cision to implement watershed conservation. The results s incentives are jointly significant effect on farmers' conservatio on in the sub-watershed of Keduang, while for the grass vegetati

nomic value of conservation especially for supporting livestock an participation, equity (capital) and government incentives, wate

, Keduang Sub-Watershed.

omponents that are needed for living of the organisms, human be function is so important, then the presence of water need h a et al (2009) there are two kinds of water that directly used by

oncerned, namely: virtual water and water foot print. Virtual wate e production of a community, good and or services, it means that great community services, whereas the water foot print is divid

which can be defined as the water that comes from the gl ater; green water foot print is water which come from rain water sto water that has been contaminated human activities.

e discussion in this study is how to manage properly the green purpose, the catchment area need to be conditioned and mana

on Vegetative

ervoir Sedimentation in

ono Ramelan**

ulty of Mathematics and Natural gram, University of Gadjah Mada

use of the farming and cultivation an activities causes in damage to ore causing sedimentation that f reservoir is decreasing. In order e research concerning the related titute one of six sub-watershed in t amount sedimentation silt in to unity involvement related to the (public power), human capital d natural capital (natural forces); tals and government incentives as tchment areas) in a participatory The specific objectives of this ervation, especially the education find the role of power / financial ditions in conservation activities; gnitude of the role of government by using a purposive sampling in Village (Jatisrono SubDistrict); istrict), and Sembukan Village questionnaire and Focus Group y Test, Multicollinearity Test: test and F test, and coefficient of on of the influence of these five The results showed that the five s' conservation decisions in the rass vegetation, in addition also livestock and cattles.

ntives, watershed conservation,

s, human being and all activities water need has to be managed as ctly used by or related to living Virtual water is defined as in the t means that the amount of water print is divided into three kinds, from the global evaporation of rain water stored in soil, and grey ly the green water or rain water and managed, so the presence of

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water can be used in a sustainable ma efforts to achieve green water mana conservation includes two importan vegetative conservation (non structural in the realization of the upstream areas Sustainability of the Solo river w area, and depending also on the condit ecosystem of Solo River Basin, especi huge amounts of sediment was originat total sediment entering into the rese 2007). Intake blockage caused by depo note also that the Sub-watershed with with the ample of about 421 km2 or ab handled as immediate and urgenty as river. The total land area of critical res degraded lands was caused by deforesta Hence it is clear that the motiv cultivation will causes environmenta sedimentation as a result of farming lan course will also resulted in damage to research was conducted in Sub Waters in the catchment area that has cont vegetative conservation approaches an conservation. The five capitals constit physical capital (the physical condition government incentives. General purpo government incentives as a motivating in a participatory conservation decision of this study are as follows: (a) to fin education community, (b) to find a m power/financial capital for conservatio conservation activities; (e) to find ma magnitude of the role of government a survey method, with 300 respondents Village of Gemawang which is locate Pingkuk Village of Jatiroto sub district Sidoharjo sub district. Data collection by using the validity test; reliability; m the hypothesis testing was performed b done in order to determine the level of the government's incentives to the com Complex problems encountered population pressure so that the carryin problem will continuing happened if n management strategies. Several times in 1966, the flood was inundated an are deaths, 57, 500 hectares and 53,000 fl fields, 3,000 hectares of houses, 1700 flood again happened during the 40 (fo (eight) districts/the city of Solo, Sragen landslides caused by natural factors an decreased function of the hydrologi geomorphological conditions (geology, practices of forest use patterns, soil conservation, while also poor managem / rural.

The extent to which the role of co resources and government incentives

ustainable manner, it can be maintained by participating the com water management is to conduct conservation activities in u o important events, namely the mechanical (structural) co on structural) associated with the public and community as an acto stream areas of the green for spring bequeath to future generations. Solo river water is strongly influenced by the conditions of the on the condition of ecosystems in the catchment area itself. The U Basin, especially in Sub-catchment of Keduang experiencing se t was originated from sub catchment of Keduang is about 1.21858 into the reservoir of Wonogiri which about 3.17851 million used by deposition and waste almost entirely from Sub Catchment tershed with the largest sub watershed of Keduang constitutes Wa or about 34% of the entire watershed of Wonogiri. From th d urgenty as possible intended to address the influx of trash

critical reservoirs Wonogiri approximately 1087 km2 (Ouchi, 2 by deforestation in the headwaters of the looting or land-uses into at the motive for encouraging economic activity through the environmental damage. Humans are the main factors on tr

f farming land that is not based on the principles of sustainable dev in damage to the environment which causing silting process and

Sub Watershed (Sub-basin) of Keduang which is one of six sub at has contributed the largest of reservoir sedimentation. This pproaches and community participation in relation to the five cap pitals constitute social capital (public power), human capital (com ical condition of the land), natural capital (natural forces); and ve eneral purpose of this study was to find a relationship between t a motivating factors that may affect the public (farmers who live in

tion decisions in order to control sedimentation in the reservoir. s: (a) to find the amount of community participation in conserv to find a major role in the conservation of human resources, (c r conservation, (d) to find the magnitude of the role of the ph ) to find major role for the conservation of natural resources, overnment and NGOs in Keduang Sub watershed conservation. T

respondents was taken by using a purposive sampling in five vi ich is located in Ngadirojo sub district; Sambirejo Village of Ja district; Sukoboyo Village of Slogohimo sub district, and S ata collection techniques performed by using a questionnaire. Dat reliability; multicollinearity; Autocorrelation, and heteroscedastic performed by “T “test and “F “ test. A coefficient of determinati e the level of these five capitals contribution and its influence vari s to the community’s decision for implementing a sub watershed c encountered in Solo Watershed Management, primarily stem ying capacity of land and environment in the watershed appened if not supported by appropriate efficient and effective m everal times of flooding occurrences were due to overflow of the ndated an area of 120,000 hectares and 152,000 houses; 1987, floo

nd 53,000 flooded homes; the 1993 flood inundated of about 15, ouses, 1700 hectares of grounds, 182 farms and 5,000 homes, and ng the 40 (forty) years returned periods that claimed 67 human liv Solo, Sragen, Ngawi, Madiun, Bojonegoro, Blora, Tuban, and La al factors and human activities associated with the use of natural e hydrological basin. Natural factors caused climate/rainfall ns (geology, topography and soil type). While the factors due to h atterns, soil and water are not in harmony with the principles oor management of river systems and infrastructure of irrigation/ d the role of community, human resources, financial capital, physic t incentives to watershed farmers' decision to save the environ

ting the community. One of the tivities in upstream areas. This ructural) conservation and the ity as an actor who has a big role

generations.

tions of the upstream catchment The Upstream catchment periencing severe degradation. A out 1.21858 million m3 / year of 851 million m3 / year (Ouchi, b Catchment of Keduang. Please nstitutes Water Catchment Area

From these data it has to be lux of trash from the Keduang (Ouchi, 2007). The extent of uses into agricultural areas. through the unbalanced of land

ctors on triggering causes of stainable development which off process and sedimentation. The e of six sub-watershed Sub-basin This study focused on the five capitals and watershed ital (community resources), rces); and vegetative capital and ip between the five capitals and s who live in the catchment area) reservoir. The specific objective n in conservation, especially the resources, (c) to find the role of le of the physical conditions in l resources, and (f) to find the servation. The method used was ng in five villages, they are: the Village of Jatisrono sub district; istrict, and Sembukan Village of Data analysis was done eteroscedasticity test; beside that f determination analysis was also variables and signals of watershed conservation. marily stem from a very high he watershed is diminishing; this d effective manner of watershed erflow of the river Solo, namely: es; 1987, floods caused 3 peoples of about 15,000 hectares of rice 0 homes, and in 2007 the largest 67 human lives and flooded the 8 uban, and Lamongan. Floods and se of natural resources leading to mate/rainfall is very high and ctors due to human activities and he principles of soil and water f irrigation/ drainage in the urban pital, physical condition, natural the environment in sustainable

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watershed environment. From the abov following research questions: 1. How effective is the role of human resources to the implementation of conservatio conservation? 5. How big is the influen of the government towards the impleme This research-oriented also addre the relationships between cause and e Driving Forces State Response (DSR) management. DSR framework is us environmental conditions and determin to as DSR organization driving forces.

2. Result and Discussion

2.1. Description of The Study Area

Keduang is the largest among the six s Keduang is located at 7042'-4011' 7055'L in the watershed with high annual rainf 2005). Sub watershed of Keduang is ab 15.1% forest, and 26.7% of the garde Keduang is located in the District Wono included rice fields and the moor. Type mango and lamtoro. While the types o forest covered of pine, teak, rosewood consists of three types: litosol, Medit between 1-15% and above 40%.

2.2. Slope Classification and Conserv

Sub catchment of Keduang has been cl 22 000 ha (54.41%); 15-40% of about 3 the largest percentage of land with a sl slopes. From the results of a study tha entering to the reservoir Wonogiri from Solo Hulu were the largest contribution

Conservation means the preserv 140). Another notion that conservation effort and careful protection against exploitation and destruction or extincti once close relationship between land a the water system in the downstream, matters. Various measures of soil co conservation efforts aimed to prevent d also aimed to establish land capability used optimally in an unlimited period maximum support from the production setting the average soil erosion. In continue to deteriorate and ultimately prevented but can be reduced to a max mean a delay of soil conservation or properties and provide treatment in accordance with the terms of the requir

2.3.Land Conservation Approach

Under these both conditions, there are t state of the soil to resist destruction and or plant debris from a direct blow to rai destructive force. Soil and water con a. Vegetative methods in soil and water suppress the rate of erosion and runoff. because of: 1) Reduction of the rain bea

rom the above brief description of the research problem can be for How big is community participation in watershed co an resources in Sub watershed conservation? 3. How does the role conservation organizations? 4. How much influence the physic is the influence of natural resources/vegetative region of the? 6. s the implementation of watershed conservation?

d also addressed to human resource management. Many framewo cause and effect in environmental management. This research u onse (DSR) that it has been widely used and accepted in the stu work is used for describing the reliability of a simple re and determining factors, or the ability to push (the driving forces), iving forces.

dy Area

ong the six sub catchments of Wonogiri reservoir. Geographically 55'LS and 4024'BT. Natural conditions in sub catchment o annual rainfall is about 5,404 mm/year with a number of 165 rai

eduang is about 39,700 hectares (397 km2) consisting of 42.6% ric of the garden (Water Resources Research and Development, 20

istrict Wonogiri, Central Java, Indonesia. Agricultural land in Sub Types of crops on dry land are teaks, rosewoods, chocola e the types of crops on forest land is almost non-existent. Existin ak, rosewood, acacia and cashew. Soil types that exist in Sub cat itosol, Mediterranean, and Latosol with variety of slope classe

d Conservation

g has been classified into three classes of slope as follows: the slop % of about 3400 ha (8.57%) and> 40% of about 14 300 ha (36.02 and with a slope of 2-15%. In general, sub watershed Keduang d f a study that was conducted by PWBS estimated that an annual onogiri from 1981 until 1987 showed that sub catchment of Tirto

ution of sediment that entered into reservoir level. the preservation or protection of the environment (Echols conservation is expressed by Dassmann (1984) which states tha ion against anything in particular management of natural resou

n or extinction. Conservation in the study include soil and water d and water, and that any treatment given to a parcel of downstream, then the problem of soil and water conservation s of soil conservation is automatically also a water conservat to prevent damage in addition to soil erosion and improve soil tha nd capability class and actions or treatment that is required in ord

ited period of time. As we know that the purpose of soil conser e production rate given by the ground to maintain the balance o the broader context, erosion must be controlled to pre d ultimately can not be reclaimed back. Erosion is a natural proc ced to a maximum tolerance of the average soil loss (Sevastel, 201 servation or land use restrictions on land use, but its use to adju reatment in accordance with the properties of the soil and p of the required.

ns, there are three approaches to land conservation there are: a. Rep struction and transport, as well as greater power to absorb water; b ct blow to rain water that falls; c. Regulate the flow of the surface s d water conservation strategies can be divided into three main oil and water conservation strategy is the management of plants in n and runoff. As has been stated in advance that the plant can reduc f the rain beating against the surface of soil grains as a result of in

m can be formulated through the watershed conservation? 2. How does the role of financial capital e the physical condition of the 6. How do the incentives any frameworks used to explain is research used the concept of ted in the study of environmental a simple relationship between iving forces), hereinafter referred

eographically, the Sub-watershed b catchment of Keduang included er of 165 rainy days (BPTDAS, of 42.6% rice, 15.6% residential, elopment, 2005). Sub-watershed l land in Sub watershed Keduang ds, chocolate, cashew, coconut, Existing vegetation on the st in Sub catchment of Keduang slope classes Keduang ranging

ows: the slope of 2-15% of about (36.02%). Slope classes is d Keduang does not have a steep t an annual sediment which was ent of Tirtomoyo, Keduang and ent (Echols & Shadily, 1989: ch states that conservation is an natural resources to prevent the il and water conservation. There a parcel of land will influenced conservation are closely related er conservation measures. Soil rove soil that has been damaged, quired in order to land could be f soil conservation is to obtain a he balance of the lost ground by rolled to prevent soil conditions natural process that can not be Sevastel, 2010). Thus it does not s use to adjust the range of soil soil and provide treatment in

Repair and maintain the sorb water; b. Soil close to plants the surface so that the flow is not o three main methods, namely: t of plants in such a way so as to ant can reduce erosion and runoff a result of interception of rainfall

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by plant canopy grain, 2) reduction Improved aggregation of land as a resu also increasing the infiltration capacity quickly.b. Methods of physical/mecha despite the fact that this method requir creation of infrastructure, such as: 1) Pr sites; 2) Preparation of the terraces that capacity will a bit improved, 3) Perform physical/mechanical require considerab greater losses, the way it should be no control efforts can be expected to reduc will decline.

2.4.Vegetative Conservation

The vegetative method is included in (permanent plant cover). The ability o separately (when the soil is not cultiva principal crops, or even sometimes as a (either deliberately planted in order to c is a cover crop is a crop that was deliber while increasing the productivity of th which each type of crop planted in strips direction. In this system all tillage recommended the crop rotation, even on in the strip is a cover crop in the ground

2.5. Farmers Status

Based on the education, farmers that set 34.05% of junior high school level; and The results of Chi square (x2 count) which means there is a significant mean education. Based on farmers' incomes Rp.500.000, -, 42.67% have incomes between Rp.1.100.000, - to Rp.2.000.00 incomes of more than Rp.2.500.000, so the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, w groups (populations) for the variable le Based on extensive land cultivatio less than 0.5 hectares, 54.74% has arab 1.5 hectares, 8:19% of arable land has than 2 hectares. The results of Chi s hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which mean (populations) for the variable area of

2.6. Demonstration Plots

The model is done by planting vegetati the sample, the village of Sukoboyo in Pingkuk village in Jatiroto subDistrict, is located in Ngadirojo subdistrict. The of six plots each having an area of elephant grass, vetiver grass, Setaria about root length, number of tillers, grass. The results of the number of tiller blembem grass in the five villages wh months. The fifth plant used has a num vegetative plant. The length of the roo villages which are used as a sample at a to have long roots that is different. It wa lawn. This can be the basis of selection Setaria, kolonjono, and blembem grass a predetermined age range is 2, 4, and 6

2) reduction in surface flow speed as a result of increased s and as a result of the activity of plant roots and the addition of org tion capacity, 4) increase in soil water loss due to evapotranspirat ysical/mechanical erosion control efforts can also be done by m

ethod requires large financing compared with vegetative way, bec uch as: 1) Preparation of routes for the drainage of water from certa terraces that water flow can be inhibited so that runoff can be redu d, 3) Perform tillage in such a way that is parallel with the conto re considerable expense, but for the sake of avoiding the erosion tha should be noted. Through the manufacture and treatment by using

cted to reduced or impaired surface flow (run off) so that the powe

included in the soil and water conservation strategies are: a. The ability of cover crops to reduce erosion is no doubt. Cover

is not cultivated staple crops), or planted with staple crops as gro metimes as a staple crop protection. Although all plants that can clos

in order to cover ground or not) it can be regarded as cover crops, b t was deliberately planted to protect soil from erosion , increase soi uctivity of the soil; b. Planting in the strip is a way of farming w anted in strips that criss cross on a piece of land and is based on cont all tillage should be done to cut the slope. In addition, in a str ation, even on lands that easily rotated (high erodibility) suggested t in the ground permanently.

rmers that settled in sub-watershed Keduang was 34.48% have prim ool level; and 13.79% high school, 0.86% college degree, and 16

(x2 count) is smaller than the x2 table (0,05:4) so the null hypoth ificant mean differences between the five groups (populations) for ers' incomes in sub watersheds Keduang is about 10,34% had i ve incomes in between Rp.500.000, - to Rp.1.000.000, -, 35.78 Rp.2.000.000, -; 6.90% have incomes Rp.2.100.00, - to Rp.2.500.0 .500.000, -. The results of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than ) accepted, which means that there are no significant mean differen

e variable level of income.

nd cultivation shows about 21:21% indicates that farmers has an a 74% has arable land area of 0.5 to 1 hectare, 14.66% has arable la ble land has an area of 1.6 to 2 hectares, and 1:29% of arable land

lts of Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table ( , which means that there are no significant mean differences betw ble area of arable land.

ting vegetative grasses in the system demonstration plots conducte Sukoboyo in Slogohimo sub District, Sumberejo village in Jatisro subDistrict, Sembukan village in Sidoharjo sub District, and Gema The ample area of each demonstration plot was 60 squar an area of 10 square meters. Five boxes planted with five specie , Setaria grass, kolojono grass, and blembem grass). At each r of tillers, number of roots, traction, and sediment that affect mber of tillers plant damplot shows that elephant grass, vetiver, Se e villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined age r

ed has a number of different tillers. This can be the basis of sele th of the roots of grass plants, vetiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and b a sample at a predetermined age range of 2, 4, and 6 months. These

It was found that the average length of roots which has the l s of selection as a model of vegetative plant. Traction plant Gajah

grass (the local name of grass) in the five villages which are is 2, 4, and 6 months. These five plants that used to have traction di

increased surface hardness, 3) dition of organic matter, thereby apotranspiration, so the soil dries e done by mechanical technical tive way, because it involves the ter from certain places to disposal f can be reduced and the carrying ith the contour lines. Methods of he erosion that would result in far ent by using mechanical erosion that the power of the soil erosion

ies are: a. Planting a cover crop ubt. Cover crops can be planted crops as ground cover under the s that can close the ground as well cover crops, but in a special sense , increase soil organic matter, and f farming with several crops, in ased on contour lines or cut slope tion, in a strip cropping is also y) suggested that one of the plants

% have primary school education, egree, and 16.81% not in school. e null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected,

ulations) for the variable levels of 0,34% had incomes of less than , 35.78% have incomes of to Rp.2.500.000, - and 4.31% had greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) ean differences between the five mers has an area of arable land is has arable land area from 1.1 to f arable land has an area of more e x2 table (0,05:4) so the null erences between the five groups

ots conducted in five villages of age in Jatisrono sub District, the ict, and Gemawang village which was 60 square meters, consisting h five species of grass, namely: At each plant was observed t that affected by each kind of etiver, Setaria, kolonjono, and rmined age range is 2, 4, and 6 basis of selection as a model of njono, and blembem in the five These five plants that used hich has the largest elephant grass Gajah (elephant), vetiver, ges which are used as a sample at ve traction different. It was found

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that the average traction has the largest as a model of vegetative plant.

2.7. Research Instruments, Statistica

Questionnaires were used as Research used a Likert scale with five alternative score is five times eleven is 55. The r achieved for the variables of human cap and the score total results of measurem capital is moderates. The results of the hypothesis (Ho) accepted, which mea (populations) to variable human capital scale with five alternative answers. times twelve is 60. While the results of the financial capital variable is 47.31 w total results of measurements of the re levels. Based on the analysis showed t (0,05:4) so the null hypothesis (Ho) i between the five groups (populations) fo natural resource capital, Likert scale als items, so the ideal total score is five tim average score achieved for the natural r ideal total score of 40, and the score tota existing capital of resources comes at a than x2 tables (0,05:4) so the null hy differences between the five groups (po 2.7.1. Production Of Capital Equipm In this study, a questionnaire was also facilities, Likert scale also used with fiv ideal total score is five times nine is 45. achieved for the variable inputs of ca 4.87. If the ideal total score of 45, and t that capital equipment and infrastructur 2.7.2. Social capital observation Social capital observation was used a L (nine) items, so the ideal total score is f that the average score achieved for the ideal total score of 45, and the score to capital existing at moderate levels. The so the null hypothesis (Ho) accepted, groups (populations) to variable social 2.7.3. Government Incentives Capita Government incentives Capital were m questions is 8 (eight) items, so the ideal field showed that the average score a standard deviation of 4.91. If the ideal to it can be said of capital there are govern Smirnov Z value for the variable is 35 according to the table shows that the c hypothesis (Ho) is rejected which mean 2.7.4. Multicollinearity Test Indepen Multicollinearity test results show tha financial capital, capital resources, c government incentives the VIF (Varia 0.10. Based on these results, it can b variables. Autocorrelation test results sh Durbin-Watson coefficient values grea include social capital, human capital and infrastructure as well as governme

s the largest grass Setaria (the name of grass).This can be used for

Statistical Analysis and the Result of Research

as Research Instruments. Questionnaire was also used to measur ve alternative answers. The number of questions is 11 (eleven) item

The results of real measurements in the field showed tha of human capital is 40.70 with a standard deviation of 6:51. If the id of measurements of the real / real 40.70, it can be said to exist at results of the Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than the x2 table , which means there are no significant mean differences betwe uman capital. Questionnaire was used to measure financial capital

The number of questions is 12 (twelve) items, so the ide the results of real measurements in the field showed that the averag le is 47.31 with a standard deviation of 5:53. If the ideal total score ents of the real of about 47.31, it can be said that the financial ca

sis showed that the results of Chi square test (x2 count) is great thesis (Ho) is accepted, which means that there are no significa opulations) for variables of financial capital. Questionnaire also us ikert scale also apply with five alternative answers. The number of q

ve times eight is 40. The results of real measurements in the f r the natural resources capital variable is 31.59 with a standard dev

the score total results of measurements of the real 31.59, then can b es comes at a moderate level. The results of Chi square test (x2 co the null hypothesis (Ho) is accepted, which means there are ve groups (populations) for the variable sources of capital natural re

al Equipment And Infrastructure Facilities

aire was also used to measure the production of capital equipmen used with five alternative answers. The number of questions were 9 es nine is 45. The results of real measurements in the field showed th inputs of capital equipment and infrastructure is 33.63 with a st e of 45, and the score total results of measurements of the real / real

infrastructure of production is at moderate levels.

was used a Likert scale with five alternative answers. The numbe otal score is five times nine is 45. The results of real measurements eved for the variables of social capital is 32.68 with a standard dev the score total results of measurements of the real / real 32.68, it

The results of the Chi square test (x2 count) is greater than o) accepted, which means there are no significant mean differenc

riable social capital. es Capital

apital were measured using Likert scale with five alternative answ , so the ideal total score is five times eight is 40. The results of real rage score achieved for variable capital incentives the governm If the ideal total score of 40, and the total score measurement result re are government incentives to moderate levels. The results show t ariable is 3544, while government incentives Kolmogorov Smirno ws that the calculated value of Z is greater than the Z table (0,05:

which means that the data for government incentive variables are n t Independent Variables

lts show that for all independent variables included social cap resources, capital equipment production facilities and infrast (Variance Inflation Factor) is smaller than 10 and greate ults, it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity in test results showed that the Durbin-Watson coefficient obtained wa

greater than 0.05 then it can be concluded that in all the in an capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment as government incentives are not going autocorrelation. Heterosce

be used for the basis of selection

to measure human capital and (eleven) items, so the ideal total d showed that the average score If the ideal total score of 55, id to exist at the level of human the x2 table (0,05:4) so the null rences between the five groups ancial capital and using a Likert s, so the ideal total score is five at the average score achieved for al total score of 60, and the score e financial capital is at moderate unt) is greater than the x2 table no significant mean differences naire also used for measuring the e number of questions is 8 (eight) ments in the field showed that the standard deviation of 3:02. If the 59, then can be concluded that the re test (x2 count) showed greater there are no significant mean

natural resources.

ital equipment and infrastructure stions were 9 (nine) items, so the eld showed that the average score .63 with a standard deviation of the real / real 33.63, it can be said

The number of questions are 9 easurements in the field showed standard deviation of 3.44. If the eal 32.68, it can be said of social greater than the x2 table (0,05:4) ean differences between the five

ernative answers. The number of esults of real measurements in the the government is 29.78 with a rement results of real / real 29.78, results show that the Kolmogorov gorov Smirnov Z value is 0.0892 table (0,05:232) so that the null ariables are normally distributed. d social capital, human capital, nd infrastructure as well as 0 and greater tolerance value of linearity in all the independent t obtained was 1.329. Because the t in all the independent variables l equipment production facilities on. Heteroscedasticity symptoms

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occur as a result of the residual variatio the variance in the regression error (e absence of constant error variance can limits the distribution of the dots are rela that there was no heterokedastisity. 2.7.5. Multiple linear regression tes Multiple linear regression test used to capital, human capital, financial ca infrastructure and government incentiv watershed. Dependent variable has a m standard deviation of 7.37776. Indepen deviation of 3.43949 and the amount o deviation of 6.51435 and the amount of deviation of 5.53370 and the amount o 31.5862 3.02105 and the amount of da deviation of 4.87079 and the amount o deviation 29.7888 4.91515 and the amo Multiple correlation coefficient by F-test F price obtained for 190.11 constant price of 15.109 with a coeffic -0.239, the coefficient of X 4 0224, the of the coefficient of X1, X2, and X4 a

regression equation is Y = 0.038X1 0.

correlations for the six variables, respec 2.7.6. “T “ Test Results Analysis T test results between social capital vari table (n = 462 with a level of significa accepted that there is significant influen implementing the watershed commun and the decision of conservation activi significance level is 1.984. Since the t c between variables human capital (hum community development, t test results b t count of 13.462 while the t table (n = means the Ho accepted that there was capacity) of the decisions taken in imp between variable capital and natural res (n = 462 d with a significance level α = 0 there is significant influence between decisions in implementing sustainable variables of conservation count shows 1.984. Since the t count> t table then H between the variables of physical capi communities sustainable conservation o conservation count shows that of 44 109 t count> t table then Ho is rejected it me incentives on decisions taken and in im 2.7.7. “F” Test Probability Value an

The analysis is also performed by “F”

concluded that Ho is rejected means t capital, natural capital, physical capit implementing watershed conservatio for the variables of social capital, huma facilities and infrastructure, and govern social capital, human capital, financia infrastructure, and government incent influenced by conservation factors, so equipment production facilities and infr

idual variation that is not the same for all observations.Heterokeda sion error (ei) for some value of x is not constant or variable. variance can be done by drawing the graph of y with the residual e dots are relatively parallel then said to be a constant error variance

ssion test

test used to measure the magnitude of the effect of independent vari financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment produc

ent incentives for the dependent variable is the decision conserva iable has a mean of 55.4612 berkonservasi decision by the numbe

Independent variables of social capital has a mean of 32.6 the amount of data 232. Human capital variable has a mean of 40.6

he amount of data 232.Financial capital variable has a mean of 47.3 the amount of data 232. Variable capital resources has a mean wit amount of data 232. Physical capital variable has a mean of 33.6 the amount of data 232. Variable incentives the government has a

and the amount of data 232.

coefficient R of 0.914. The coefficient is significant because it can or 190.116 with a significance of 0.00. another result from a ith a coefficient of X1 at 0038 prices, the coefficient for 0120 X

0224, the coefficient of 0.329 X5, X6 and 0919 coefficients. 2, and X4 are not significant because each has a significance of

038X1 0.120X2 + 0239 + 0329 + X3 + X5 + 0.224X4 X6 + iables, respectively 0034, 0127, -0365, 0152, 0271, and 0532. al capital variables and the decision indicates that conservation cou

l of significance level α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t calculated <t ificant influence between variables social capital (social capacity)

d communities sustainable conservation. T test results between hum vation activities shown that t count of 22.847 while the t table (n . Since the t count> t table then Ho is rejected, which means there is capital (human capacity) to decisions taken in implementing wat t test results between financial capital and the decision variables b

e t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance level is 1.984. Due at there was no significant effect between the variables of financ taken in implementing watershed conservation community develo nd natural resources conservation decision shows that t count of 45. α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t count> t table then Ho is rejecte ce between variable capital resources (natural capacity) of the w sustainable conservation. t test results between physical capit count shows that of 37 622 t while t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05

table then Ho is rejected which means that there is an influence physical capital (physical capacity) to decisions taken in impleme onservation of t test results between government incentives and the that of 44 109 t while t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 significance leve

rejected it means that there are a significant effect between the vari en and in implementing the watershed communities sustainable co

Value and Coefficients of Determinant

F” test, “F” test probability value is less than the 0.05 le cted means that there are significant variables that influence hum hysical capital, social capital, and signals the government of the onservation community development; the value of the coefficient o capital, human capital, financial capital, capital resources, capital eq e, and government incentives is 0.835 so that it can be stated tha

ital, financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment produ ment incentives to the decision of conservation was 83.5%. n factors, social capital, human capital, financial capital, capita lities and infrastructure, and government incentives amounting to 83

s.Heterokedastisitas occurs when r variable. Constant detection or the residual (y-y). If the line that rror variance. It can be concluded

ependent variables, namely social ment production facilities and ion conservation of Keduang sub by the number of data 232 and a 2.6767 with a standard mean of 40.6983 with a standard mean of 47.3103 with a standard s a mean with standard deviation ean of 33.6250 with a standard rnment has a mean with standard ecause it can be said after tested esult from analysis show that a 0120 X2, X3 coefficient of efficients. Of the six coefficients nificance of more than 0.00. The X4 X6 + 15 109 0919. Partial

ervation count of 42 634 t while t alculated <t table means the Ho ial capacity) to decisions taken in between human capital variables he t table (n = 462 with α = 0.05 eans there is significant influence menting watershed conservation variables berkonservasi show that 1.984. Due t calculated <t table les of financial capital (financial unity development. t test results of 45.614 while the t table Ho is rejected, which means that ity) of the watershed community hysical capital and the decision ith α = 0.05 significance level is influence significant association n in implementing the watershed tives and the decision variables of ificance level is 1.984 . Since the ween the variables of government

ustainable conservation.

an the 0.05 level so that it can be fluence human capital, financial nment of the decisions taken in coefficient of determination (R) ces, capital equipment production that the contribution of ipment production facilities and as 83.5%. That is, decisions are apital, capital resources, capital ounting to 83.5% while the rest is

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influenced by other factors: the value of it can be stated that the contribution of s are influenced by factors berkonser factors. Coefficient of determination ( contribution of human capital to the dec of conservation of human capital by determination (R) for the financial capit to the decision of conservation was 4.2 financial capital by 4.2% while the re determination (R) for natural resource c natural resources against the decision o conservation related to capital resour

Coefficient of determination (R) f that it can be stated that the contributio was 67.2%. That is, decisions are influe for the production of 67.2% while the government incentives variable is 0.78 conservation decision was 78.3%. Tha government while the remaining 78.3% 2.7.8. Demonstration Plot and the ra In this study, conducted in five Demons consisting of six plots each having an (elephant grass, vetiver grass, Setaria control area with no plants at all. Each hole reservoir sediment erosion resul embankment. Traction observations of kolonjono, and blembem in the five vill months. The fifth power plant used to h the largest grass Setaria. This can be th found that the average traction are sign and Gemawang-Sembukan villages. for all plants in general is in the villa

cubic meters / ha, (5) blembem Grass

Based on observations of sediment col best ability to resist erosion, erosion o volume compared with the grass plant 20 cubic meters per hectare for six mon crop of 40 cubic meters. This is a cons of topsoils are washed away resulti vegetative Keduang can maintain the s so as to increase infiltration and prev vegetative approach sedimentation rate Implementation of watershed m characteristics that are quite complex selected the vegetative element in the fo

: the value of the coefficient of determination (R) for social capital v tribution of social capital on the decision on conservation was 21.5

berkonservasi social capital of 21.5% while the rest is in termination (R) for human capital variables is 0.619, so it can ital to the decision on conservation is 61.9%. That is, decisions are i

n capital by 61.9% while the rest is influenced by other fa inancial capital variable is 0.042, so it can be stated that the financia ation was 4.2%. That is, decisions are influenced by factors of co while the rest is influenced by other factors. While the value o ral resource capital variable is 0.439, so it can be stated that the ca he decision of conservation was 43.9%. That is, decisions are influ

ital resources amounting to 43.9% while the rest is influenced by o ination (R) for the variable inputs of capital equipment and infra e contribution of capital inputs and infrastructure tools for doing co ons are influenced by conservation factors related to capital faciliti

% while the rest is influenced by other factors.Coefficient of de riable is 0.783, so it can be stated that the contribution of gover

That is, decisions are influenced by conservation incen aining 78.3% influenced by other factors.

and the rate of Sedimentation

five Demonstration Plot sample, The area of each demonstration pl ch having an area of 10 square meters.Five boxes planted with f s, Setaria grass, grass kolonjono, and grass of blembem).One

Each plot length of 10 meters and a width of one meter, one erosion results 1x1x0, 5 meter. Each plot to one another is li servations of each plant is known that traction plant elephant gr the five villages which are used as a sample at a predetermined ag lant used to have a different grip. In the table it was found that the his can be the basis of selection as a model of vegetative plant. Bas ction are significant differences between Pingkuk Gemawang, Gem

Based on the calculation of average traction, which has th in the village of Sembukan.

system with age of vegetation, and therefore the increasing age o is means that the rate of erosion will be more suppressed. Plant root system of plants to help determine the activity of the format s it also increases the porosity of the soil. As stated in advance tha

and infiltration rate. Vegetative methods in soil and water con in such a way so as to suppress the rate of erosion and runoff i sults and the differences in the calculation of the average length o

r all plants is the largest general Sumberejo village. As for the Ability to resist erosion rate of each grass plant can be d accumulated in the holes provided on each plot plots, includi sediment of each plot as follows: (1) elephant grass = 1.2 cubic m

ic meters / ha, (3) Setaria Grass = 3.8 cubic meters / ha, (4) Grass = 5.6 cubic meters / ha, (6) Without plants (control) = 2 sediment collected from each plot, it is known that the elephant g on, erosion occurs only 1.2 cubic meters per hektar. This numbe grass plant other. As for the plot without Tamanan grass plots, se e for six months. For one year of sediment that occurs in one hecta

his is a considerable loss of land, economically is a huge disadva away resulting in lower soil fertility. Conservation approache aintain the stability of the structure of the soil through the root sy on and prevent erosion, improve soil nutrient and economic valu entation rate of sub-watershed Keduang decreases.

watershed management using an approach based vegetative ite complex, because it involves various parties together. In thi ment in the form of grass monocot plants, not the tall plants in the

ocial capital variables is 0.215, so ion was 21.5%. That is, decisions he rest is influenced by other 19, so it can be stated that the ecisions are influenced by factors by other factors.Coefficient of t the financial capital contribution factors of conservation based on

the value of the coefficient of ed that the capital contribution of ions are influenced by factors of fluenced by other factors. ent and infrastructure is 0.672 so

s for doing conservation decision apital facilities and infrastructure fficient of determination (R) for ion of government incentives to rvation incentive factors for the

onstration plot 60 square meters, lanted with five species of grass ).One plot to another is a ne meter, one end section made a another is limited by the small phant grass, vetiver, Setaria, etermined age range is 2, 4, and 6 und that the average traction has Based on the test it was mawang, Gemawang-Sumberejo, , which has the largest root length easing age of plant vegetation so Plant root system greatly of the formation and stabilization n advance that will determine the nd water conservation strategy is and runoff in the sub-watershed rage length of shoots, number of As for the average traction is lant can be determined from the lots, including plots of control 1.2 cubic meters / ha, (2) Grass / ha, (4) kolonjono Grass = 3.6 (control) = 20 cubic meters / ha. lephant grass plants have the This number of relatively small s plots, sediment produced by s in one hectare of land without a huge disadvantage because many n approaches in sub-watershed h the root system and land cover conomic value. So that with this vegetative communities have In this study deliberately plants in the form of trees, by the

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2.7.5. Multiple linear regression tes

Multiple linear regression test used to capital, human capital, financial ca infrastructure and government incentiv watershed. Dependent variable has a m standard deviation of 7.37776. Indepen deviation of 3.43949 and the amount o deviation of 6.51435 and the amount of deviation of 5.53370 and the amount o 31.5862 3.02105 and the amount of da deviation of 4.87079 and the amount o deviation 29.7888 4.91515 and the amo Multiple correlation coefficient by F-test F price obtained for 190.11 constant price of 15.109 with a coeffic -0.239, the coefficient of X 4 0224, the of the coefficient of X1, X2, and X4 a regression equation is Y = 0.038X1 0. correlations for the six variables, respec

2.7.6. “T “ Test Results Analysis

T test results between social capital vari table (n = 462 with a level of significa accepted that there is significant influen implementing the watershed commun and the decision of conservation activi significance level is 1.984. Since the t c between variables human capital (hum community development, t test results b t count of 13.462 while the t table (n = means the Ho accepted that there was capacity) of the decisions taken in imp between variable capital and natural res (n = 462 d with a significance level α = 0 there is significant influence between decisions in implementing sustainable variables of conservation count shows 1.984. Since the t count> t table then H between the variables of physical capi communities sustainable conservation o conservation count shows that of 44 109 t count> t table then Ho is rejected it me incentives on decisions taken and in im

2.7.7. “F” Test Probability Value an

The analysis is also performed by “F” concluded that Ho is rejected means t capital, natural capital, physical capit implementing watershed conservatio for the variables of social capital, huma facilities and infrastructure, and govern social capital, human capital, financia infrastructure, and government incent influenced by conservation factors, so equipment production facilities and infr

ssion test

test used to measure the magnitude of the effect of independent vari financial capital, capital resources, capital equipment produc

ent incentives for the dependent variable is the decision conserva iable has a mean of 55.4612 berkonservasi decision by the numbe

Independent variables of social capital has a mean of 32.6 the amount of data 232. Human capital variable has a mean of 40.6

and the amount of data 232.

0224, the coefficient of 0.329 X5, X6 and 0919 coefficients. 2, and X4 are not significant because each has a significance of

038X1 0.120X2 + 0239 + 0329 + X3 + X5 + 0.224X4 X6 + iables, respectively 0034, 0127, -0365, 0152, 0271, and 0532. al capital variables and the decision indicates that conservation cou

l of significance level α = 0.05 is 1.984. Because t calculated <t ificant influence between variables social capital (social capacity)

rejected it means that there are a significant effect between the vari en and in implementing the watershed communities sustainable co

Value and Coefficients of Determinant

s.Heterokedastisitas occurs when r variable. Constant detection or the residual (y-y). If the line that rror variance. It can be concluded

X4 X6 + 15 109 0919. Partial

ustainable conservation.

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2.7.8. Demonstration Plot and the ra

In this study, conducted in five Demons consisting of six plots each having an (elephant grass, vetiver grass, Setaria control area with no plants at all. Each hole reservoir sediment erosion resul embankment. Traction observations of kolonjono, and blembem in the five vill months. The fifth power plant used to h the largest grass Setaria. This can be th found that the average traction are sign and Gemawang-Sembukan villages. for all plants in general is in the villa

The stronger the root system with traction will be higher. This means tha affect erosion, because the root system of aggregates, which means it also incr capacity of the soil porosity and infiltr the management of plants in such a w Keduang Based on test results and the tillers, and root length for all plants greatest in the village Sembukan. Abil volume of sediment that accumulated plot. The total volume of sediment of e Roots fragrance = 2.0 cubic meters / h cubic meters / ha, (5) blembem Grass Based on observations of sediment col best ability to resist erosion, erosion o volume compared with the grass plant 20 cubic meters per hectare for six mon crop of 40 cubic meters. This is a cons of topsoils are washed away resulti vegetative Keduang can maintain the s so as to increase infiltration and prev vegetative approach sedimentation rate Implementation of watershed m characteristics that are quite complex selected the vegetative element in the fo

: the value of the coefficient of determination (R) for social capital v tribution of social capital on the decision on conservation was 21.5

berkonservasi social capital of 21.5% while the rest is in termination (R) for human capital variables is 0.619, so it can ital to the decision on conservation is 61.9%. That is, decisions are i

% while the rest is influenced by other factors.Coefficient of de riable is 0.783, so it can be stated that the contribution of gover

That is, decisions are influenced by conservation incen aining 78.3% influenced by other factors.

and the rate of Sedimentation

five Demonstration Plot sample, The area of each demonstration pl ch having an area of 10 square meters.Five boxes planted with f s, Setaria grass, grass kolonjono, and grass of blembem).One

Based on the calculation of average traction, which has th in the village of Sembukan.

and infiltration rate. Vegetative methods in soil and water con in such a way so as to suppress the rate of erosion and runoff i sults and the differences in the calculation of the average length o

watershed management using an approach based vegetative ite complex, because it involves various parties together. In thi ment in the form of grass monocot plants, not the tall plants in the

the value of the coefficient of ed that the capital contribution of ions are influenced by factors of fluenced by other factors. ent and infrastructure is 0.672 so

s for doing conservation decision apital facilities and infrastructure fficient of determination (R) for ion of government incentives to rvation incentive factors for the

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reason that the grass has increased th benefits primarily as animal feed, g commodity carefully traced the grass ca areas. With the availability of grass in sector.

In developing the venture capital for example by banks in the region. banks of this private activity. From ban of cows and cattle traders in various pla traders, the more the circulation of mo the welfare of society.

2.7.9. The new research findings

The new research findings about the ur all of the farmers equally socialized. communication forum of Soil and Wa KKTA. With cultivate grass as an altern and spur the growth of farm economy would encourage growth in rural devel should always be done by providing co done formally by incorporating the mat

3. Conclusion

Based on the results of the analysis cond are jointly significant effect on farme watershed of Keduang, while for gras economic value for livestock and cattle

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ganyar on July 24th 1950. He was graduated from FKIP Univers en he has been working as Lecturer at Biology Education Depar donesia. His Educational Background were as follows: he got Doc ter of Science on History Education from State University of Y

on Environmental Science from UNS in 2012. He also active as l Profession Association and the member of association Seameotr mail for the corresponding author: [email protected]

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cdn. Glenview, Illinois, t in South Asia. The Journal of Regulation) UUD Negara RI th anagement Planning Viewon s: A Guide to Conservation

KIP University of Sebelas Maret cation Department, University of s: he got Doctorandus on Biology iversity of Yogyakarta in 1991; lso active as a senior member of ion Seameotrop Map and RCCN yahoo.co.id.

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Fighting Through Community Participation Based on Vegetative Conservation Approach of Wonogiri Reservoir Sedimentation in Sub - Watershed of Keduang.