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CHA PT ER XXV II
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7 .a Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un i t ed Na t i on s Fr a m ewor k Con v en t i on on Cl i m a t e Ch a n ge
Ky ot o, 1 1 Decem ber 1 9 9 7
En t r y i n t o for ce : 1 6 Febr u a r y 2 0 0 5 , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 5 (1 )in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 5 (3 )
w h ich r ea ds a s follow s: "For ea ch St a t e or r eg ion a l econ om ic in t eg r a t ion or g a n iza t ion
t h a t r a t ifies, a ccept s or a ppr ov es t h is Pr ot ocol or a ccedes t h er et o a ft er t h e con dit ion s
set ou t in pa r a g r a ph 1 a bov e for en t r y in t o for ce h a v e been fu lfilled, t h is Pr ot ocol sh a ll
en t er in t o for ce on t h e n in et iet h da y follow in g t h e da t e of deposit of it s in st r u m en t of
r a t ifica t ion a ccept a n ce, a ppr ov a l or a ccession .".
Regi st r a t i on : 1 6 Febr u a r y 2 0 0 5 , No. 3 0 8 2 2
Photographs
St a t u s : Sig n a t or ies : 8 3 . Pa r t ies : 1 9 2 . 1
Reference-Links
T ext : Un it ed Na t ion s, Treaty Series , v ol. 2 3 0 3 , p. 1 4 8 ; deposit a r y n ot ifica t ion s
C.N.1 0 1 .2 0 0 4 .T REA T IES-1 of 1 1 Febr u a r y 2 0 0 4 [Pr oposed cor r ect ion s t o t h e or ig in a l
t ex t s of t h e Pr ot ocol (A r a bic a n d Fr en ch v er sion s)] a n d C.N.4 3 9 .2 0 0 4 .T REA T IES-4 of
1 2 Ma y 2 0 0 4 [Cor r ect ion s t o t h e or ig in a l t ex t s of t h e Pr ot ocol (A r a bic a n d Fr en ch
v er sion s)]; C.N.3 8 0 .2 0 0 7 .T REA T IES-5 of 1 7 A pr il 2 0 0 7 (A dopt ion of a n a m en dm en t
t o A n n ex B of t h e Pr ot ocol).
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Not e : T h e Pr ot ocol w a s a dopt ed a t t h e t h ir d session of t h e Con fer en ce of t h e Pa r t ies t o t h e
1 9 9 2 Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e (“ t h e Con v en t ion ” ),
h eld a t Ky ot o (Ja pa n ) fr om 1 t o 1 1 Decem ber 1 9 9 7 . T h e Pr ot ocol sh a ll be open for
sig n a t u r e by St a t es a n d r eg ion a l econ om ic in t eg r a t ion or g a n iza t ion s w h ich a r e
Pa r t ies t o t h e Con v en t ion a t Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s in New Y or k fr om 1 6 Ma r ch
1 9 9 8 t o 1 5 Ma r ch 1 9 9 9 in a ccor da n ce w it h it s a r t icle 2 4 (1 ).
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Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made
upon ratification, accession, acceptance or approval.)
Cook Isl a n ds
Upon s ignature:
Declaration:
The Governm ent of the Cook Is lands declares its unders tanding that s ignature and s ubs equent ratification of
the Kyoto Protocol s hall in no w ay cons titute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning
State res pons ibility for the advers e effects of clim ate change and that no provis ion in the Protocol can be
interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law .
In t h is r eg a r d, t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Cook Isla n ds fu r t h er decla r es t h a t , in lig h t of t h e best a v a ila ble
scien t ific in for m a t ion a n d a ssessm en t on clim a t e ch a n g e a n d it s im pa ct s, it con sider s t h e em ission s
r edu ct ion oblig a t ion in a r t icle 3 of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o be in a dequ a t e t o pr ev en t da n g er ou s a n t h r opog en ic
in t er fer en ce w it h t h e clim a t e sy st em ."
Eu r opea n Un i on
Upon s ignature:
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Declaration:
“The European Com m unity and its Mem ber States w ill fulfil their res pective com m itm ents under article 3,
paragraph 1, of the Protocol jointly in accordance w ith the provis ions of article 4.”
Upon approval:
Declaration by the European Com m unity m ade in accordance w ith article 24 (3) of the Kyoto Protocol
"T h e follow in g St a t es a r e a t pr esen t m em ber s of t h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y : t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m , t h e
Kin g dom of Den m a r k , t h e Feder a l Repu blic of Ger m a n y , t h e Hellen ic Repu blic, t h e Kin g dom of Spa in , t h e
Fr en ch Repu blic, Ir ela n d, t h e It a lia n Repu blic, t h e Gr a n d Du ch y of Lu x em bou r g , t h e Kin g dom of t h e
Net h er la n ds, t h e Repu blic of A u st r ia , t h e Por t u g u ese Repu blic, t h e Repu blic of Fin la n d, t h e Kin g dom of
Sw eden , t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in a n d Nor t h er n Ir ela n d.
T h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y decla r es t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e T r ea t y est a blish in g t h e Eu r opea n
Com m u n it y , a n d in pa r t icu la r a r t icle 1 7 5 (1 ) t h er eof, it is com pet en t t o en t er in t o in t er n a t ion a l
a g r eem en t s, a n d t o im plem en t t h e oblig a t ion s r esu lt in g t h er efr om , w h ich con t r ibu t e t o t h e pu r su it of t h e
follow in g object iv es:
- pr eser v in g , pr ot ect in g a n d im pr ov in g t h e qu a lit y of t h e en v ir on m en t ;
- pr ot ect in g h u m a n h ea lt h ;
- pr u den t a n d r a t ion a l u t ilisa t ion of n a t u r a l r esou r ces;
- pr om ot in g m ea su r es a t in t er n a t ion a l lev el t o dea l w it h r eg ion a l or w or ld w ide en v ir on m en t a l
pr oblem s.
T h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y decla r es t h a t it s qu a n t ified em ission r edu ct ion com m it m en t u n der t h e
Pr ot ocol w ill be fu lfilled t h r ou g h a ct ion by t h e Com m u n it y a n d it s Mem ber St a t es w it h in t h e r espect iv e
com pet en ce of ea ch a n d t h a t it h a s a lr ea dy a dopt ed leg a l in st r u m en t s, bin din g on it s Mem ber St a t es,
cov er in g m a t t er s g ov er n ed by t h e Pr ot ocol.
T h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y w ill on a r eg u la r ba sis pr ov ide in for m a t ion on r elev a n t Com m u n it y leg a l
in st r u m en t s w it h in t h e fr a m ew or k of t h e su pplem en t a r y in for m a t ion in cor por a t ed in it s n a t ion a l
com m u n ica t ion su bm it t ed u n der a r t 1 2 of t h e Con v en t ion for t h e pu r pose of dem on st r a t in g com plia n ce w it h
it s com m it m en t s u n der t h e Pr ot ocol in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 7 (2 ) t h er eof a n d t h e g u idelin es t h er eu n der ."
Fr a n ce
Upon s ignature:
Interpretative declaration:
The French Republic res erves the right, in ratifying the [s aid Protocol], to exclude its Overs eas Territories from
the s cope of the Protocol.
Upon approval:
The ratification by the French Republic of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Fram ew ork Convention on
Clim ate Change of 11 Decem ber 1997 s hould be interpreted in the context of the com m itm ent as s um ed under article
4 of the Protocol by the European Com m unity, from w hich it is indis s ociable. The ratification does not, therefore,
apply to the Territories of the French Republic to w hich the Treaty es tablis hing the European Com m unity is not
applicable.
Non et h eless, in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 4 , pa r a g r a ph 6 , of t h e Pr ot ocol, t h e Fr en ch Repu blic sh a ll, in t h e
ev en t of fa ilu r e t o a ch iev e t h e t ot a l com bin ed lev el of em ission r edu ct ion s, r em a in in div idu a lly r espon sible
for it s ow n lev el of em ission s.
Ir el a n d
Upon s ignature:
Declaration:
"The European Com m unity and the Mem ber States , including Ireland, w ill fulfil their res pective com m itm ents
under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol in accordance w ith the provis ions of article 4."
Ki r i ba t i
Declaration:
"T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Kir iba t i decla r es it s u n der st a n din g t h a t a ccession t o t h e Ky ot o
Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y con st it u t e a r en u n cia t ion of a n y r ig h t s u n der in t er n a t ion a l la w con cer n in g St a t e
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Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y con st it u t e a r en u n cia t ion of a n y r ig h t s u n der in t er n a t ion a l la w con cer n in g St a t e
r espon sibilit y for t h e a dv er se effect s of t h e clim a t e ch a n g e a n d t h a t n o pr ov ision in t h e Pr ot ocol ca n be
in t er pr et ed a s der og a t in g fr om pr in ciples of g en er a l in t er n a t ion a l la w ."
Na u r u
Declarations :
“ ... T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Na u r u decla r es it s u n der st a n din g t h a t t h e r a t ifica t ion of t h e
Ky ot o Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y con st it u t e a r en u n cia t ion of a n y r ig h t s u n der in t er n a t ion a l la w con cer n in g
St a t e r espon sibilit y for t h e a dv er se effect s of clim a t e ch a n g e; ...
... T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Na u r u fu r t h er decla r es t h a t , in t h e lig h t of t h e best a v a ila ble
scien t ific in for m a t ion a n d a ssessm en t of clim a t e ch a n g e a n d im pa ct s, it con sider s t h e em ission s of r edu ct ion
oblig a t ion s in A r t icle 3 of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o be in a dequ a t e t o pr ev en t t h e da n g er ou s a n t h r opog en ic
in t er fer en ce w it h t h e clim a t e sy st em ;
... [T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Na u r u decla r es] t h a t n o pr ov ision s in t h e Pr ot ocol ca n be
in t er pr et ed a s der og a t in g fr om t h e pr in ciples of g en er a l in t er n a t ion a l la w [.]
Ni u e
Upon s ignature:
Declaration:
"The Governm ent of Niue declares its unders tanding that ratification of the Kyoto Protocol s hall in no w ay
cons titute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning s tate res pons ibility for the advers e
effects of clim ate change and that no provis ions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the
principles of general international law .
In t h is r eg a r d, t h e Gov er n m en t of Niu e fu r t h er decla r es t h a t , in lig h t of t h e best a v a ila ble scien t ific
in for m a t ion a n d a ssessm en t of clim a t e ch a n g e a n d im pa ct s, it con sider s t h e em ission s r edu ct ion oblig a t ion s
in a r t icle 3 of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o be in a dequ a t e t o pr ev en t da n g er ou s a n t h r opog en ic in t er fer en ce w it h t h e
clim a t e sy st em ."
Ru ssi a n Feder a t i on
Statem ent:
T h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion pr oceeds fr om t h e a ssu m pt ion t h a t t h e com m it m en t s of t h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion
u n der t h e Pr ot ocol w ill h a v e ser iou s con sequ en ces for it s socia l a n d econ om ic dev elopm en t . T h er efor e, t h e
decision on r a t ifica t ion w a s t a k en follow in g a t h or ou g h a n a ly sis of a ll fa ct or s, in t er a lia , t h e im por t a n ce of
t h e Pr ot ocol for t h e pr om ot ion of in t er n a t ion a l cooper a t ion , a n d t a k in g in t o a ccou n t t h a t t h e Pr ot ocol ca n
en t er in t o for ce on ly if t h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion r a t ifies it .
T h e Pr ot ocol est a blish es for ea ch of t h e Pa r t ies t h a t h a v e sig n ed it qu a n t ified r edu ct ion s of g r een h ou se g a s
em ission s t o a t m osph er e for t h e fir st com m it m en t per iod fr om 2 0 0 8 t o 2 0 1 2 .
T h e com m it m en t s of t h e Pa r t ies t o t h e Pr ot ocol on qu a n t ified r edu ct ion s of g r een h ou se g a s em ission s t o
a t m osph er e for t h e secon d a n d su bsequ en t com m it m en t per iods of t h e Pr ot ocol, t h a t is a ft er 2 0 1 2 , w ill be
est a blish ed t h r ou g h n eg ot ia t ion s of t h e Pa r t ies t o t h e Pr ot ocol sch edu led t o st a r t in 2 0 0 5 . On t h e ou t com e of
t h ese n eg ot ia t ion s t h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion w ill t a k e a decision on it s pa r t icipa t ion in t h e Pr ot ocol in t h e
secon d a n d su bsequ en t com m it m en t per iods.
Sy r i a n A r a b Repu bl i c
Declaration:
T h e a ccession of t h e Sy r ia n A r a b Repu blic t o t h is Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y im ply it s r ecog n it ion of Isr a el
or en t a il it s en t r y in t o a n y dea lin g s w it h Isr a el in t h e m a t t er s g ov er n ed by t h e pr ov ision s t h er eof.
End Not e
1 .For t h e pu r pose of en t r y in t o for ce of t h e [Con v en t ion /Pr ot ocol] , a n y in st r u m en t of r a t ifica t ion , a ccept a n ce,
a ppr ov a l or a ccession deposit ed by a r eg ion a l econ om ic in t eg r a t ion or g a n iza t ion sh a ll n ot be cou n t ed a s
a ddit ion a l t o t h ose deposit ed by m em ber St a t es of t h a t Or g a n iza t ion .
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2 .In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 7 (2 ) of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on
Clim a t e Ch a n g e, t h e Gov er n m en t of Ca n a da n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l t h a t it h a d decided t o w it h dr a w
fr om t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol a s fr om t h e da t e in dica t ed h er ein a ft er :
Pa r t icipa n t :
Da t e of n ot ifica t ion :
Da t e of effect :
Ca n a da
1 5 Dec 2 0 1 1
1 5 Dec 2 0 1 2
3 .In a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 3 0 A u g u st 2 0 0 2 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a
in for m ed t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 1 5 3 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a of 1 9 9 0 a n d a r t icle 1 3 8 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e
People’s Repu blic of Ch in a of 1 9 9 3 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a decides t h a t t h e Ky ot o
Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll pr ov ision a lly n ot a pply t o t h e
Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion a n d t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a .
Fu r t h er , in a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 8 A pr il 2 0 0 3 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
"In a ccor da n ce w it h t h e pr ov ision s of A r t icle 1 5 3 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e
Reg ion of t h e People's Repu blic of Ch in a of 1 9 9 0 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People's Repu blic of Ch in a decides t h a t
t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e a n d t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll a pply t o t h e Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e
People's Repu blic of Ch in a .
T h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e con t in u es t o be im plem en t ed in t h e Ma ca o
Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People's Repu blic of Ch in a . T h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll n ot a pply t o t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e
People's Repu blic of Ch in a u n t il t h e Gov er n m en t of Ch in a n ot ifies ot h er w ise."
In a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 1 4 Ja n u a r y 2 0 0 8 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
In a ccor da n ce w it h A r t icle 1 3 8 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a decides t h a t t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e
Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll a pply t o t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e
Reg ion of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a .
4 .W it h a t er r it or ia l ex clu sion t o t h e Fa r oe Isla n ds.
5 .For t h e Kin g dom in Eu r ope.
6 .W it h t h e follow in g decla r a t ion :
".....con sist en t w it h t h e con st it u t ion a l st a t u s of T ok ela u a n d t a k in g in t o a ccou n t t h e com m it m en t of t h e
Gov er n m en t of New Zea la n d t o t h e dev elopm en t of self-g ov er n m en t for T ok ela u t h r ou g h a n a ct of selfdet er m in a t ion u n der t h e Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s, t h is r a t ifica t ion sh a ll n ot ex t en d t o T ok ela u u n less
a n d u n t il a Decla r a t ion t o t h is effect is lodg ed by t h e Gov er n m en t of New Zea la n d w it h t h e Deposit a r y on t h e
ba sis of a ppr opr ia t e con su lt a t ion w it h t h a t t er r it or y ."
7 .By a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 2 7 Ma r ch 2 0 0 7 , t h e Gov er n m en t of A r g en t in a n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic object s t o t h e ex t en sion of t h e t er r it or ia l a pplica t ion t o t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e
Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e of 1 1 Decem ber 1 9 9 7 w it h r espect t o t h e Ma lv in a s
Isla n ds, w h ich w a s n ot ified by t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in a n d Nor t h er n Ir ela n d t o t h e Deposit a r y of
t h e Con v en t ion on 7 Ma r ch 2 0 0 7 .
T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic r ea ffir m s it s sov er eig n t y ov er t h e Ma lv in a s Isla n ds, t h e Sou t h Geor g ia a n d Sou t h
Sa n dw ich Isla n ds a n d t h e su r r ou n din g m a r it im e spa ces, w h ich a r e a n in t eg r a l pa r t of it s n a t ion a l t er r it or y ,
a n d r eca lls t h a t t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s a dopt ed r esolu t ion s 2 0 6 5 (X X ), 3 1 6 0 (X X V III),
3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 , 3 8 /1 2 , 3 9 /6 , 4 0 /2 1 , 4 1 /4 0 , 4 2 /1 9 a n d 4 3 /2 5 , w h ich r ecog n ize t h e ex ist en ce of a dispu t e ov er
sov er eig n t y a n d r equ est t h e Gov er n m en t s of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic a n d t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in
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sov er eig n t y a n d r equ est t h e Gov er n m en t s of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic a n d t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in
a n d Nor t h er n Ir ela n d t o in it ia t e n eg ot ia t ion s w it h a v iew t o fin din g t h e m ea n s t o r esolv e pea cefu lly a n d
defin it iv ely t h e pen din g pr oblem s bet w een bot h cou n t r ies, in clu din g a ll a spect s on t h e fu t u r e of t h e Ma lv in a s
Isla n ds, in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s.
8 .On 4 A pr il 2 0 0 6 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Un it ed Kin g dom in for m ed t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l t h a t t h e Pr ot ocol
sh a ll a pply t o t h e Ba iliw ick of Gu er n sey a n d t h e Isle of Ma n . On 2 Ja n u a r y 2 0 0 7 : in r espect of Gibr a lt a r . On 7
Ma r ch 2 0 0 7 : in r espect of Ber m u da , Ca y m a n Isla n ds, Fa lk la n d Isla n ds (Ma lv in a s) a n d t h e Ba iliw ick of Jer sey .
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7 .a Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un i t ed Na t i on s Fr a m ewor k Con v en t i on on Cl i m a t e Ch a n ge
Ky ot o, 1 1 Decem ber 1 9 9 7
En t r y i n t o for ce : 1 6 Febr u a r y 2 0 0 5 , in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 5 (1 )in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 5 (3 )
w h ich r ea ds a s follow s: "For ea ch St a t e or r eg ion a l econ om ic in t eg r a t ion or g a n iza t ion
t h a t r a t ifies, a ccept s or a ppr ov es t h is Pr ot ocol or a ccedes t h er et o a ft er t h e con dit ion s
set ou t in pa r a g r a ph 1 a bov e for en t r y in t o for ce h a v e been fu lfilled, t h is Pr ot ocol sh a ll
en t er in t o for ce on t h e n in et iet h da y follow in g t h e da t e of deposit of it s in st r u m en t of
r a t ifica t ion a ccept a n ce, a ppr ov a l or a ccession .".
Regi st r a t i on : 1 6 Febr u a r y 2 0 0 5 , No. 3 0 8 2 2
Photographs
St a t u s : Sig n a t or ies : 8 3 . Pa r t ies : 1 9 2 . 1
Reference-Links
T ext : Un it ed Na t ion s, Treaty Series , v ol. 2 3 0 3 , p. 1 4 8 ; deposit a r y n ot ifica t ion s
C.N.1 0 1 .2 0 0 4 .T REA T IES-1 of 1 1 Febr u a r y 2 0 0 4 [Pr oposed cor r ect ion s t o t h e or ig in a l
t ex t s of t h e Pr ot ocol (A r a bic a n d Fr en ch v er sion s)] a n d C.N.4 3 9 .2 0 0 4 .T REA T IES-4 of
1 2 Ma y 2 0 0 4 [Cor r ect ion s t o t h e or ig in a l t ex t s of t h e Pr ot ocol (A r a bic a n d Fr en ch
v er sion s)]; C.N.3 8 0 .2 0 0 7 .T REA T IES-5 of 1 7 A pr il 2 0 0 7 (A dopt ion of a n a m en dm en t
t o A n n ex B of t h e Pr ot ocol).
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Not e : T h e Pr ot ocol w a s a dopt ed a t t h e t h ir d session of t h e Con fer en ce of t h e Pa r t ies t o t h e
1 9 9 2 Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e (“ t h e Con v en t ion ” ),
h eld a t Ky ot o (Ja pa n ) fr om 1 t o 1 1 Decem ber 1 9 9 7 . T h e Pr ot ocol sh a ll be open for
sig n a t u r e by St a t es a n d r eg ion a l econ om ic in t eg r a t ion or g a n iza t ion s w h ich a r e
Pa r t ies t o t h e Con v en t ion a t Un it ed Na t ion s Hea dqu a r t er s in New Y or k fr om 1 6 Ma r ch
1 9 9 8 t o 1 5 Ma r ch 1 9 9 9 in a ccor da n ce w it h it s a r t icle 2 4 (1 ).
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3 1 May 2 002
3 Sep 2 002 a
8 Apr 2 008 a
2 0 Aug 2 003
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St. Lucia
1 6 Mar 1 9 9 8
2 0 Aug 2 003
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
1 9 Mar 1 9 9 8
3 1 Dec 2 004
Sudan
2 Nov 2 004 a
Surinam e
2 5 Sep 2 006 a
Swaziland
1 3 Jan 2 006 a
Sweden
2 9 Apr 1 9 9 8
3 1 May 2 002
Switzerland
1 6 Mar 1 9 9 8
9 Jul 2 003
Sy rian Arab Republic
2 7 Jan 2 006 a
Tajikistan
2 9 Dec 2 008 a
Thailand
2 Feb 1 9 9 9
2 8 Aug 2 002
The form er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
1 8 Nov 2 004 a
Tim or-Leste
1 4 Oct 2 008 a
Togo
2 Jul 2 004 a
Tonga
1 4 Jan 2 008 a
Trinidad and Tobago
7 Jan 1 9 9 9
Tunisia
2 8 Jan 1 9 9 9
2 2 Jan 2 003 a
Turkey
2 8 May 2 009 a
Turkm enistan
2 8 Sep 1 9 9 8
Tuv alu
1 6 Nov 1 9 9 8
Uganda
1 1 Jan 1 9 9 9
1 6 Nov 1 9 9 8
2 5 Mar 2 002 a
Ukraine
1 5 Mar 1 9 9 9
United Arab Em irates
1 2 Apr 2 004
2 6 Jan 2 005 a
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland 7, 8
2 9 Apr 1 9 9 8
United Republic of Tanzania
3 1 May 2 002
2 6 Aug 2 002 a
United States of Am erica
1 2 Nov 1 9 9 8
Uruguay
2 9 Jul 1 9 9 8
5 Feb 2 001
Uzbekistan
2 0 Nov 1 9 9 8
1 2 Oct 1 9 9 9
Vanuatu
1 7 Jul 2 001 a
Venezuela (Boliv arian Republic of)
1 8 Feb 2 005 a
Viet Nam
3 Dec 1 9 9 8
Yem en
Zam bia
2 5 Sep 2 002
1 5 Sep 2 004 a
5 Aug 1 9 9 8
Zim babwe
7 Jul 2 006
3 0 Jun 2 009 a
Declarations and Reservations
(Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made
upon ratification, accession, acceptance or approval.)
Cook Isl a n ds
Upon s ignature:
Declaration:
The Governm ent of the Cook Is lands declares its unders tanding that s ignature and s ubs equent ratification of
the Kyoto Protocol s hall in no w ay cons titute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning
State res pons ibility for the advers e effects of clim ate change and that no provis ion in the Protocol can be
interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law .
In t h is r eg a r d, t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Cook Isla n ds fu r t h er decla r es t h a t , in lig h t of t h e best a v a ila ble
scien t ific in for m a t ion a n d a ssessm en t on clim a t e ch a n g e a n d it s im pa ct s, it con sider s t h e em ission s
r edu ct ion oblig a t ion in a r t icle 3 of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o be in a dequ a t e t o pr ev en t da n g er ou s a n t h r opog en ic
in t er fer en ce w it h t h e clim a t e sy st em ."
Eu r opea n Un i on
Upon s ignature:
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Declaration:
“The European Com m unity and its Mem ber States w ill fulfil their res pective com m itm ents under article 3,
paragraph 1, of the Protocol jointly in accordance w ith the provis ions of article 4.”
Upon approval:
Declaration by the European Com m unity m ade in accordance w ith article 24 (3) of the Kyoto Protocol
"T h e follow in g St a t es a r e a t pr esen t m em ber s of t h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y : t h e Kin g dom of Belg iu m , t h e
Kin g dom of Den m a r k , t h e Feder a l Repu blic of Ger m a n y , t h e Hellen ic Repu blic, t h e Kin g dom of Spa in , t h e
Fr en ch Repu blic, Ir ela n d, t h e It a lia n Repu blic, t h e Gr a n d Du ch y of Lu x em bou r g , t h e Kin g dom of t h e
Net h er la n ds, t h e Repu blic of A u st r ia , t h e Por t u g u ese Repu blic, t h e Repu blic of Fin la n d, t h e Kin g dom of
Sw eden , t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in a n d Nor t h er n Ir ela n d.
T h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y decla r es t h a t , in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e T r ea t y est a blish in g t h e Eu r opea n
Com m u n it y , a n d in pa r t icu la r a r t icle 1 7 5 (1 ) t h er eof, it is com pet en t t o en t er in t o in t er n a t ion a l
a g r eem en t s, a n d t o im plem en t t h e oblig a t ion s r esu lt in g t h er efr om , w h ich con t r ibu t e t o t h e pu r su it of t h e
follow in g object iv es:
- pr eser v in g , pr ot ect in g a n d im pr ov in g t h e qu a lit y of t h e en v ir on m en t ;
- pr ot ect in g h u m a n h ea lt h ;
- pr u den t a n d r a t ion a l u t ilisa t ion of n a t u r a l r esou r ces;
- pr om ot in g m ea su r es a t in t er n a t ion a l lev el t o dea l w it h r eg ion a l or w or ld w ide en v ir on m en t a l
pr oblem s.
T h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y decla r es t h a t it s qu a n t ified em ission r edu ct ion com m it m en t u n der t h e
Pr ot ocol w ill be fu lfilled t h r ou g h a ct ion by t h e Com m u n it y a n d it s Mem ber St a t es w it h in t h e r espect iv e
com pet en ce of ea ch a n d t h a t it h a s a lr ea dy a dopt ed leg a l in st r u m en t s, bin din g on it s Mem ber St a t es,
cov er in g m a t t er s g ov er n ed by t h e Pr ot ocol.
T h e Eu r opea n Com m u n it y w ill on a r eg u la r ba sis pr ov ide in for m a t ion on r elev a n t Com m u n it y leg a l
in st r u m en t s w it h in t h e fr a m ew or k of t h e su pplem en t a r y in for m a t ion in cor por a t ed in it s n a t ion a l
com m u n ica t ion su bm it t ed u n der a r t 1 2 of t h e Con v en t ion for t h e pu r pose of dem on st r a t in g com plia n ce w it h
it s com m it m en t s u n der t h e Pr ot ocol in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 7 (2 ) t h er eof a n d t h e g u idelin es t h er eu n der ."
Fr a n ce
Upon s ignature:
Interpretative declaration:
The French Republic res erves the right, in ratifying the [s aid Protocol], to exclude its Overs eas Territories from
the s cope of the Protocol.
Upon approval:
The ratification by the French Republic of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Fram ew ork Convention on
Clim ate Change of 11 Decem ber 1997 s hould be interpreted in the context of the com m itm ent as s um ed under article
4 of the Protocol by the European Com m unity, from w hich it is indis s ociable. The ratification does not, therefore,
apply to the Territories of the French Republic to w hich the Treaty es tablis hing the European Com m unity is not
applicable.
Non et h eless, in a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 4 , pa r a g r a ph 6 , of t h e Pr ot ocol, t h e Fr en ch Repu blic sh a ll, in t h e
ev en t of fa ilu r e t o a ch iev e t h e t ot a l com bin ed lev el of em ission r edu ct ion s, r em a in in div idu a lly r espon sible
for it s ow n lev el of em ission s.
Ir el a n d
Upon s ignature:
Declaration:
"The European Com m unity and the Mem ber States , including Ireland, w ill fulfil their res pective com m itm ents
under article 3, paragraph 1, of the Protocol in accordance w ith the provis ions of article 4."
Ki r i ba t i
Declaration:
"T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Kir iba t i decla r es it s u n der st a n din g t h a t a ccession t o t h e Ky ot o
Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y con st it u t e a r en u n cia t ion of a n y r ig h t s u n der in t er n a t ion a l la w con cer n in g St a t e
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Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y con st it u t e a r en u n cia t ion of a n y r ig h t s u n der in t er n a t ion a l la w con cer n in g St a t e
r espon sibilit y for t h e a dv er se effect s of t h e clim a t e ch a n g e a n d t h a t n o pr ov ision in t h e Pr ot ocol ca n be
in t er pr et ed a s der og a t in g fr om pr in ciples of g en er a l in t er n a t ion a l la w ."
Na u r u
Declarations :
“ ... T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Na u r u decla r es it s u n der st a n din g t h a t t h e r a t ifica t ion of t h e
Ky ot o Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y con st it u t e a r en u n cia t ion of a n y r ig h t s u n der in t er n a t ion a l la w con cer n in g
St a t e r espon sibilit y for t h e a dv er se effect s of clim a t e ch a n g e; ...
... T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Na u r u fu r t h er decla r es t h a t , in t h e lig h t of t h e best a v a ila ble
scien t ific in for m a t ion a n d a ssessm en t of clim a t e ch a n g e a n d im pa ct s, it con sider s t h e em ission s of r edu ct ion
oblig a t ion s in A r t icle 3 of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o be in a dequ a t e t o pr ev en t t h e da n g er ou s a n t h r opog en ic
in t er fer en ce w it h t h e clim a t e sy st em ;
... [T h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Repu blic of Na u r u decla r es] t h a t n o pr ov ision s in t h e Pr ot ocol ca n be
in t er pr et ed a s der og a t in g fr om t h e pr in ciples of g en er a l in t er n a t ion a l la w [.]
Ni u e
Upon s ignature:
Declaration:
"The Governm ent of Niue declares its unders tanding that ratification of the Kyoto Protocol s hall in no w ay
cons titute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning s tate res pons ibility for the advers e
effects of clim ate change and that no provis ions in the Protocol can be interpreted as derogating from the
principles of general international law .
In t h is r eg a r d, t h e Gov er n m en t of Niu e fu r t h er decla r es t h a t , in lig h t of t h e best a v a ila ble scien t ific
in for m a t ion a n d a ssessm en t of clim a t e ch a n g e a n d im pa ct s, it con sider s t h e em ission s r edu ct ion oblig a t ion s
in a r t icle 3 of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o be in a dequ a t e t o pr ev en t da n g er ou s a n t h r opog en ic in t er fer en ce w it h t h e
clim a t e sy st em ."
Ru ssi a n Feder a t i on
Statem ent:
T h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion pr oceeds fr om t h e a ssu m pt ion t h a t t h e com m it m en t s of t h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion
u n der t h e Pr ot ocol w ill h a v e ser iou s con sequ en ces for it s socia l a n d econ om ic dev elopm en t . T h er efor e, t h e
decision on r a t ifica t ion w a s t a k en follow in g a t h or ou g h a n a ly sis of a ll fa ct or s, in t er a lia , t h e im por t a n ce of
t h e Pr ot ocol for t h e pr om ot ion of in t er n a t ion a l cooper a t ion , a n d t a k in g in t o a ccou n t t h a t t h e Pr ot ocol ca n
en t er in t o for ce on ly if t h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion r a t ifies it .
T h e Pr ot ocol est a blish es for ea ch of t h e Pa r t ies t h a t h a v e sig n ed it qu a n t ified r edu ct ion s of g r een h ou se g a s
em ission s t o a t m osph er e for t h e fir st com m it m en t per iod fr om 2 0 0 8 t o 2 0 1 2 .
T h e com m it m en t s of t h e Pa r t ies t o t h e Pr ot ocol on qu a n t ified r edu ct ion s of g r een h ou se g a s em ission s t o
a t m osph er e for t h e secon d a n d su bsequ en t com m it m en t per iods of t h e Pr ot ocol, t h a t is a ft er 2 0 1 2 , w ill be
est a blish ed t h r ou g h n eg ot ia t ion s of t h e Pa r t ies t o t h e Pr ot ocol sch edu led t o st a r t in 2 0 0 5 . On t h e ou t com e of
t h ese n eg ot ia t ion s t h e Ru ssia n Feder a t ion w ill t a k e a decision on it s pa r t icipa t ion in t h e Pr ot ocol in t h e
secon d a n d su bsequ en t com m it m en t per iods.
Sy r i a n A r a b Repu bl i c
Declaration:
T h e a ccession of t h e Sy r ia n A r a b Repu blic t o t h is Pr ot ocol sh a ll in n o w a y im ply it s r ecog n it ion of Isr a el
or en t a il it s en t r y in t o a n y dea lin g s w it h Isr a el in t h e m a t t er s g ov er n ed by t h e pr ov ision s t h er eof.
End Not e
1 .For t h e pu r pose of en t r y in t o for ce of t h e [Con v en t ion /Pr ot ocol] , a n y in st r u m en t of r a t ifica t ion , a ccept a n ce,
a ppr ov a l or a ccession deposit ed by a r eg ion a l econ om ic in t eg r a t ion or g a n iza t ion sh a ll n ot be cou n t ed a s
a ddit ion a l t o t h ose deposit ed by m em ber St a t es of t h a t Or g a n iza t ion .
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2 .In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 2 7 (2 ) of t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on
Clim a t e Ch a n g e, t h e Gov er n m en t of Ca n a da n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l t h a t it h a d decided t o w it h dr a w
fr om t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol a s fr om t h e da t e in dica t ed h er ein a ft er :
Pa r t icipa n t :
Da t e of n ot ifica t ion :
Da t e of effect :
Ca n a da
1 5 Dec 2 0 1 1
1 5 Dec 2 0 1 2
3 .In a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 3 0 A u g u st 2 0 0 2 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a
in for m ed t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
In a ccor da n ce w it h a r t icle 1 5 3 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a of 1 9 9 0 a n d a r t icle 1 3 8 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e
People’s Repu blic of Ch in a of 1 9 9 3 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a decides t h a t t h e Ky ot o
Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll pr ov ision a lly n ot a pply t o t h e
Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion a n d t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a .
Fu r t h er , in a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 8 A pr il 2 0 0 3 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
"In a ccor da n ce w it h t h e pr ov ision s of A r t icle 1 5 3 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e
Reg ion of t h e People's Repu blic of Ch in a of 1 9 9 0 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People's Repu blic of Ch in a decides t h a t
t h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e a n d t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll a pply t o t h e Hon g Kon g Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e
People's Repu blic of Ch in a .
T h e Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e con t in u es t o be im plem en t ed in t h e Ma ca o
Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People's Repu blic of Ch in a . T h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e Un it ed Na t ion s
Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll n ot a pply t o t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e
People's Repu blic of Ch in a u n t il t h e Gov er n m en t of Ch in a n ot ifies ot h er w ise."
In a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 1 4 Ja n u a r y 2 0 0 8 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
In a ccor da n ce w it h A r t icle 1 3 8 of t h e Ba sic La w of t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e Reg ion of t h e People’s
Repu blic of Ch in a , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a decides t h a t t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e
Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e sh a ll a pply t o t h e Ma ca o Specia l A dm in ist r a t iv e
Reg ion of t h e People’s Repu blic of Ch in a .
4 .W it h a t er r it or ia l ex clu sion t o t h e Fa r oe Isla n ds.
5 .For t h e Kin g dom in Eu r ope.
6 .W it h t h e follow in g decla r a t ion :
".....con sist en t w it h t h e con st it u t ion a l st a t u s of T ok ela u a n d t a k in g in t o a ccou n t t h e com m it m en t of t h e
Gov er n m en t of New Zea la n d t o t h e dev elopm en t of self-g ov er n m en t for T ok ela u t h r ou g h a n a ct of selfdet er m in a t ion u n der t h e Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s, t h is r a t ifica t ion sh a ll n ot ex t en d t o T ok ela u u n less
a n d u n t il a Decla r a t ion t o t h is effect is lodg ed by t h e Gov er n m en t of New Zea la n d w it h t h e Deposit a r y on t h e
ba sis of a ppr opr ia t e con su lt a t ion w it h t h a t t er r it or y ."
7 .By a com m u n ica t ion r eceiv ed on 2 7 Ma r ch 2 0 0 7 , t h e Gov er n m en t of A r g en t in a n ot ified t h e Secr et a r y Gen er a l of t h e follow in g :
T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic object s t o t h e ex t en sion of t h e t er r it or ia l a pplica t ion t o t h e Ky ot o Pr ot ocol t o t h e
Un it ed Na t ion s Fr a m ew or k Con v en t ion on Clim a t e Ch a n g e of 1 1 Decem ber 1 9 9 7 w it h r espect t o t h e Ma lv in a s
Isla n ds, w h ich w a s n ot ified by t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in a n d Nor t h er n Ir ela n d t o t h e Deposit a r y of
t h e Con v en t ion on 7 Ma r ch 2 0 0 7 .
T h e A r g en t in e Repu blic r ea ffir m s it s sov er eig n t y ov er t h e Ma lv in a s Isla n ds, t h e Sou t h Geor g ia a n d Sou t h
Sa n dw ich Isla n ds a n d t h e su r r ou n din g m a r it im e spa ces, w h ich a r e a n in t eg r a l pa r t of it s n a t ion a l t er r it or y ,
a n d r eca lls t h a t t h e Gen er a l A ssem bly of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s a dopt ed r esolu t ion s 2 0 6 5 (X X ), 3 1 6 0 (X X V III),
3 1 /4 9 , 3 7 /9 , 3 8 /1 2 , 3 9 /6 , 4 0 /2 1 , 4 1 /4 0 , 4 2 /1 9 a n d 4 3 /2 5 , w h ich r ecog n ize t h e ex ist en ce of a dispu t e ov er
sov er eig n t y a n d r equ est t h e Gov er n m en t s of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic a n d t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in
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sov er eig n t y a n d r equ est t h e Gov er n m en t s of t h e A r g en t in e Repu blic a n d t h e Un it ed Kin g dom of Gr ea t Br it a in
a n d Nor t h er n Ir ela n d t o in it ia t e n eg ot ia t ion s w it h a v iew t o fin din g t h e m ea n s t o r esolv e pea cefu lly a n d
defin it iv ely t h e pen din g pr oblem s bet w een bot h cou n t r ies, in clu din g a ll a spect s on t h e fu t u r e of t h e Ma lv in a s
Isla n ds, in a ccor da n ce w it h t h e Ch a r t er of t h e Un it ed Na t ion s.
8 .On 4 A pr il 2 0 0 6 , t h e Gov er n m en t of t h e Un it ed Kin g dom in for m ed t h e Secr et a r y -Gen er a l t h a t t h e Pr ot ocol
sh a ll a pply t o t h e Ba iliw ick of Gu er n sey a n d t h e Isle of Ma n . On 2 Ja n u a r y 2 0 0 7 : in r espect of Gibr a lt a r . On 7
Ma r ch 2 0 0 7 : in r espect of Ber m u da , Ca y m a n Isla n ds, Fa lk la n d Isla n ds (Ma lv in a s) a n d t h e Ba iliw ick of Jer sey .
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