T PD 1207149 Table of content
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................
i
PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................
ii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .............................................................................iv
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LatarBelakangMasalah .............................................................................. 1
B. RumusanMasalah ...................................................................................... 5
C. TujuanPenelitian ....................................................................................... 5
D. ManfaatPenelitian ..................................................................................... 6
E. StrukturOrganisasiTesis ............................................................................ 6
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Learning Obstacle ..................................................................................... 8
B. DesainDidaktis .......................................................................................... 14
C. TheoryofDidacticalSituation ..................................................................... 16
D. Learning Trajectory .................................................................................. 19
E. Abstraksi ................................................................................................... 20
F. MateriPecahanKelas IV SD ..................................................................... 22
G. TeoriBelajar yang Relevan ........................................................................ 29
H. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................ 35
BAB IIIMETODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. PendekatandanDesainPenelitian ............................................................... 37
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
B. DefinisiIstilah ............................................................................................ 40
C. TempatdanSubjekPenelitian ...................................................................... 41
D. InstrumenPenelitian................................................................................... 41
E. TeknikPengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 42
F. TeknikAnalisis Data ................................................................................. 42
G. PengujianKeabsahan Data ........................................................................ 43
H. ProsedurPenelitian..................................................................................... 44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. AnalisisLearning Obstacle ........................................................................ 46
B. DesainDidiktisHipotesis............................................................................ 57
C. ImplementasiDesainDidaktis .................................................................... 70
D. HasilImplemantasiDesainDidaktis ............................................................ 80
E. DesainDidaktisEmpirik ............................................................................. 82
F. Pembahasan ............................................................................................... 84
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI
A. Simpulan ................................................................................................... 89
B. Implikasi .................................................................................................... 91
C. Rekomendasi ............................................................................................. 91
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 92
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ 96
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1.
Hasil TKR akhirSiswa ................................................................... 80
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1. Gambar Guru MenjelaskanKonsepPecahan .................................. 2
Gambar 1.2. GambarSiswaMengenaiPenjumlahanPecahan .............................. 2
Gambar 2.1. SegitigaDidaktisKansanen ............................................................. 12
Gambar 2.2. SegitigaDidaktisKansanen yang Dimodifikasi .............................. 13
Gambar 2.3. MetapedadidaktikDilihatdari ADP, HD, dan HP ......................... 15
Gambar 2.4. SkemaTahapan DDR .................................................................... 16
1
Gambar 2.5. LetakPecahan2padaGarisBilangan ................................................ 23
1
Gambar 2.6. LipatanKertasPertamadengan yang diarsir2 .................................. 24
2
Gambar 2.7. LipatanKertasKeduadengan yang diarsir4 ..................................... 25
Gambar 2.8. GarisBilanganMelihatPecahanSenilai ........................................... 25
Gambar 2.9. PeragaandenganGambarBangunGeometri .................................... 26
Gambar 2.10. GarisBilanganMelihatMembandingkanPecahan ........................... 27
Gambar 2.11. PenjumlahanMenggunakanLuas Daerah ....................................... 28
Gambar 2.12. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) ............................................... 32
Gambar3.1.
ProsedurPenelitian ......................................................................... 45
Gambar 4.1. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 1 (A) .................................................. 47
Gambar 4.2. PengenalanPecahanpadaBahan Ajar ............................................. 48
Gambar 4.3. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 1 (B) ................................................... 49
Gambar 4.4. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 1 (C) ................................................... 50
Gambar 4.5. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 2 (A) .................................................. 50
Gambar 4.6. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 3 (A) .................................................. 51
Gambar 4.7. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 4 (A) .................................................. 51
Gambar 4.8. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 5 (A) .................................................. 52
Gambar 4.9. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 3 (B) ................................................... 52
Gambar 4.10. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 4 (B) ................................................... 53
Gambar 4.11. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 5 (B) ................................................... 53
Gambar 4.12. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 5 (C) ................................................... 54
Gambar 4.13. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 2 (B) ................................................... 55
Gambar 4.14. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 6 (A) .................................................. 56
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gambar 4.15. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 6 (B) ................................................. 56
Gambar 4.16. InstruksiAktivitasSiswaPertemuanPertama ................................... 58
Gambar 4.17. PertanyaanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanPertama ............................... 59
Gambar 4.18. KesimpulanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanPertama ............................. 59
Gambar 4.19. InstruksiAktivitasSiswaPertemuanKedua ..................................... 60
Gambar 4.20. PertanyaandanKesimpulanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanKedua ........ 61
Gambar 4.21. PertanyaanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanKedua.................................. 62
Gambar 4.22. InstruksiAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ........................ 63
Gambar 4.23. PertanyaanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKetiga .................... 64
Gambar 4.24. KesimpulanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ................... 64
Gambar 4.25. InstruksiAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ........................... 65
Gambar 4.26. PertanyaanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ....................... 65
Gambar 4.27. KesimpulanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ..................... 66
Gambar 4.28. InstruksiAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKeempat .................... 67
Gambar 4.29. PertanyaanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ................ 67
Gambar 4.30. KesimpulanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ............... 68
Gambar 4.31. InstruksiAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ....................... 69
Gambar 4.32. PertanyaanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ................... 69
Gambar 4.33. KesimpulanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKeempat.................. 69
Gambar 4.34. RevisiGarisBilanganKeempatdanKelima ...................................... 83
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN 1
1.1. Kisi-kisiSoalTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) ...................................... 96
1.2. SoalTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) Awal ........................................... 97
1.3. KunciJawabanTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) ................................... 98
1.4. HasilAnalisisLearning Obstacle ................................................................100
1.5. HasilWawancara ........................................................................................107
LAMPIRAN 2
2.1. Learning Trajectory ..................................................................................114
2.2. DesainDidaktisHipotesis............................................................................115
2.3. LembarKerjaSiswa (LKS) ........................................................................129
2.4. SoalTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) Akhir ..........................................143
2.5. DesainDidaktisEmpirik..............................................................................145
LAMPIRAN 3
3.1. JawabanTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) AwalSiswa...........................159
3.2. JawabanLembarKerjaSiswa (LKS) Siswa .................................................167
3.3. JawabanTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) AkhirSiswa ..........................209
3.4. Transkip Video ImplementasiDesainDidaktis ...........................................215
3.5. Dokumentasi ..............................................................................................229
LAMPIRAN 4
4.1. SuratKeputusanPembimbingTesis .............................................................232
4.2. SuratIzinPenelitian .....................................................................................234
4.3. SuratKeteranganTelahMelaksanakanPenelitian ........................................235
4.4. RiwayatHidupPenulis ................................................................................236
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................
i
PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................
ii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... iii
UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH .............................................................................iv
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. LatarBelakangMasalah .............................................................................. 1
B. RumusanMasalah ...................................................................................... 5
C. TujuanPenelitian ....................................................................................... 5
D. ManfaatPenelitian ..................................................................................... 6
E. StrukturOrganisasiTesis ............................................................................ 6
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
A. Learning Obstacle ..................................................................................... 8
B. DesainDidaktis .......................................................................................... 14
C. TheoryofDidacticalSituation ..................................................................... 16
D. Learning Trajectory .................................................................................. 19
E. Abstraksi ................................................................................................... 20
F. MateriPecahanKelas IV SD ..................................................................... 22
G. TeoriBelajar yang Relevan ........................................................................ 29
H. Penelitian yang Relevan ............................................................................ 35
BAB IIIMETODOLOGI PENELITIAN
A. PendekatandanDesainPenelitian ............................................................... 37
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
B. DefinisiIstilah ............................................................................................ 40
C. TempatdanSubjekPenelitian ...................................................................... 41
D. InstrumenPenelitian................................................................................... 41
E. TeknikPengumpulan Data ........................................................................ 42
F. TeknikAnalisis Data ................................................................................. 42
G. PengujianKeabsahan Data ........................................................................ 43
H. ProsedurPenelitian..................................................................................... 44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. AnalisisLearning Obstacle ........................................................................ 46
B. DesainDidiktisHipotesis............................................................................ 57
C. ImplementasiDesainDidaktis .................................................................... 70
D. HasilImplemantasiDesainDidaktis ............................................................ 80
E. DesainDidaktisEmpirik ............................................................................. 82
F. Pembahasan ............................................................................................... 84
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN REKOMENDASI
A. Simpulan ................................................................................................... 89
B. Implikasi .................................................................................................... 91
C. Rekomendasi ............................................................................................. 91
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 92
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ 96
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1.
Hasil TKR akhirSiswa ................................................................... 80
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1. Gambar Guru MenjelaskanKonsepPecahan .................................. 2
Gambar 1.2. GambarSiswaMengenaiPenjumlahanPecahan .............................. 2
Gambar 2.1. SegitigaDidaktisKansanen ............................................................. 12
Gambar 2.2. SegitigaDidaktisKansanen yang Dimodifikasi .............................. 13
Gambar 2.3. MetapedadidaktikDilihatdari ADP, HD, dan HP ......................... 15
Gambar 2.4. SkemaTahapan DDR .................................................................... 16
1
Gambar 2.5. LetakPecahan2padaGarisBilangan ................................................ 23
1
Gambar 2.6. LipatanKertasPertamadengan yang diarsir2 .................................. 24
2
Gambar 2.7. LipatanKertasKeduadengan yang diarsir4 ..................................... 25
Gambar 2.8. GarisBilanganMelihatPecahanSenilai ........................................... 25
Gambar 2.9. PeragaandenganGambarBangunGeometri .................................... 26
Gambar 2.10. GarisBilanganMelihatMembandingkanPecahan ........................... 27
Gambar 2.11. PenjumlahanMenggunakanLuas Daerah ....................................... 28
Gambar 2.12. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) ............................................... 32
Gambar3.1.
ProsedurPenelitian ......................................................................... 45
Gambar 4.1. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 1 (A) .................................................. 47
Gambar 4.2. PengenalanPecahanpadaBahan Ajar ............................................. 48
Gambar 4.3. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 1 (B) ................................................... 49
Gambar 4.4. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 1 (C) ................................................... 50
Gambar 4.5. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 2 (A) .................................................. 50
Gambar 4.6. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 3 (A) .................................................. 51
Gambar 4.7. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 4 (A) .................................................. 51
Gambar 4.8. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 5 (A) .................................................. 52
Gambar 4.9. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 3 (B) ................................................... 52
Gambar 4.10. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 4 (B) ................................................... 53
Gambar 4.11. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 5 (B) ................................................... 53
Gambar 4.12. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 5 (C) ................................................... 54
Gambar 4.13. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 2 (B) ................................................... 55
Gambar 4.14. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 6 (A) .................................................. 56
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
Gambar 4.15. Jawaban TKR SoalNomor 6 (B) ................................................. 56
Gambar 4.16. InstruksiAktivitasSiswaPertemuanPertama ................................... 58
Gambar 4.17. PertanyaanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanPertama ............................... 59
Gambar 4.18. KesimpulanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanPertama ............................. 59
Gambar 4.19. InstruksiAktivitasSiswaPertemuanKedua ..................................... 60
Gambar 4.20. PertanyaandanKesimpulanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanKedua ........ 61
Gambar 4.21. PertanyaanAktivitasSiswaPertemuanKedua.................................. 62
Gambar 4.22. InstruksiAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ........................ 63
Gambar 4.23. PertanyaanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKetiga .................... 64
Gambar 4.24. KesimpulanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ................... 64
Gambar 4.25. InstruksiAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ........................... 65
Gambar 4.26. PertanyaanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ....................... 65
Gambar 4.27. KesimpulanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKetiga ..................... 66
Gambar 4.28. InstruksiAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKeempat .................... 67
Gambar 4.29. PertanyaanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ................ 67
Gambar 4.30. KesimpulanAktivitasPertamaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ............... 68
Gambar 4.31. InstruksiAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ....................... 69
Gambar 4.32. PertanyaanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKeempat ................... 69
Gambar 4.33. KesimpulanAktivitasKeduaSiswaPertemuanKeempat.................. 69
Gambar 4.34. RevisiGarisBilanganKeempatdanKelima ...................................... 83
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
LAMPIRAN 1
1.1. Kisi-kisiSoalTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) ...................................... 96
1.2. SoalTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) Awal ........................................... 97
1.3. KunciJawabanTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) ................................... 98
1.4. HasilAnalisisLearning Obstacle ................................................................100
1.5. HasilWawancara ........................................................................................107
LAMPIRAN 2
2.1. Learning Trajectory ..................................................................................114
2.2. DesainDidaktisHipotesis............................................................................115
2.3. LembarKerjaSiswa (LKS) ........................................................................129
2.4. SoalTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) Akhir ..........................................143
2.5. DesainDidaktisEmpirik..............................................................................145
LAMPIRAN 3
3.1. JawabanTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) AwalSiswa...........................159
3.2. JawabanLembarKerjaSiswa (LKS) Siswa .................................................167
3.3. JawabanTesKemampuanResponden (TKR) AkhirSiswa ..........................209
3.4. Transkip Video ImplementasiDesainDidaktis ...........................................215
3.5. Dokumentasi ..............................................................................................229
LAMPIRAN 4
4.1. SuratKeputusanPembimbingTesis .............................................................232
4.2. SuratIzinPenelitian .....................................................................................234
4.3. SuratKeteranganTelahMelaksanakanPenelitian ........................................235
4.4. RiwayatHidupPenulis ................................................................................236
Muhammad Rifqi Mahmud, 2015
DESAIN DIDAKTIS UNTUK MENGATASI LEARNING OBSTACLES MATERI PENJUMLAHAN DAN
PENGURANGAN PECAHAN PADA SISWA KELAS IV SD
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | \.upi.edu perpustakaan.upi.edu